Macro Factors and the Affine Term Structure of Interest Rates PDF Download
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Author: Tao Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bonds
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Author: László Nimród Vulkán
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Author: Tao Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bonds
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Author: Hans Dewachter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
This paper presents an essentially affine model of the term structure of interest rates making use of macroeconomic factors and their long-run expectations. The model extends the approach pioneered by Kozicki and Tinsley (2001) by modeling consistently long-run inflation expectations simultaneously with the term structure. Application to the U.S. economy shows the importance of long-run inflation expectations in the modeling of long-term bond yields. The paper also provides a macroeconomic interpretation for the latent factors found in standard finance models of the yield curve: the quot;levelquot; factor represents the long-run inflation expectation of agents; the quot;slopequot; factor captures business cycle conditions; and the quot;curvaturequot; factor expresses a clear independent monetary policy factor.
Author: Ha-Il Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Affine term structure models (ATSMs) are known to have a trade-off in predicting future Treasury yields and fitting the time-varying volatility of interest rates. First, I empirically study the role of macroeconomic variables in simultaneously achieving these two goals under affine models. To this end, I incorporate a liquidity demand theory via a measure of the velocity of money into affine models. I find that this considerably reduces the statistical tension between matching the first and second moments of interest rates. In terms of forecasting yields, the models with the velocity of money outperform among the ATSMs examined, including those with inflation and real activity. My result is robust across maturities, forecasting horizons, risk price specifications, and the number of latent factors. Next, I incorporate latent macro factors and the spread factor between the short-term Treasury yield and the federal funds rate into an affine term structure model by imposing cross-equation restrictions from no-arbitrage using daily data. In doing so, I identify the highfrequency monetary policy rule that describes the central bank's reaction to expected inflation and real activity at daily frequency. I find that my affine model with macro factors and the spread factor shows better forecasting performance.
Author: Mirko Abbritti
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475513313
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
This paper introduces global factors within a FAVAR framework in an empirical affine term structure model. We apply our method to a panel of international yield curves and show that global factors account for more than 80 percent of term premia in advanced economies. In particular they tend to explain long-term dynamics in yield curves, as opposed to domestic factors which are instead more relevant to short-run movements. We uncover the key role for global curvature in shaping term premia dynamics. We show that this novel factor precedes global economic and financial instability. In particular, it coincides with immediate expectations of permanent expansionary monetary policy during the recent crisis.
Author: Zbynek Stork
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659563881
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Macro-finance modelling is an increasingly popular topic. Various approaches have been developing rapidly, usually using econometric techniques. This book focuses on structural approach to an analysis of average yield curve and its dynamics using macroeconomic factors. An underlying model is based on basic Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) approach. Log-linearized solution of the model is the key for derivation of yield curve and its main determinants - pricing kernel, price of risk and affine term structure of interest rates - based on no-arbitrage assumption. The book presents a consistent derivation of a structural macro-finance model, with a reasonable computational burden that allows for time varying term premia. A simple VAR model, widely used in macro-finance literature, serves as a benchmark. The two models are briefly compared and analysis shows their ability to fit an average yield curve observed from the data. It also presents a possible importance of this issue for monetary and fiscal institutions. The book should help shed some light on the use of DSGE framework within macro-finance modelling and should be useful for students and researchers in this field.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1455209589
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
This paper discusses the estimation of models of the term structure of interest rates. After reviewing the term structure models, specifically the Nelson-Siegel Model and Affine Term- Structure Model, this paper estimates the terms structure of Treasury bond yields for the United States with pre-crisis data. This paper uses a software developed by Fund staff for this purpose. This software makes it possible to estimate the term structure using at least nine models, while opening up the possibility of generating simulated paths of the term structure.
Author: Biancen Xie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
In my dissertation, I focus on theoretical affine term structure models and the development of Bayesian econometric methods to estimate them.In the first Chapter, we address the question of which unspanned macroeconomic factors are the best in the class of macro-finance Gaussian affine term structure models. To answer this question, we extend Joslin, Priebsch, and Singleton (2014) in two dimensions. First, following Ang and Piazzesi (2003) and Chib and Ergashev (2009), three latent factors, instead of the first three principal components of the yield curve, are used to represent the level, slope and curvature of the yield curve. Second we postulate a grand affine model that includes all the macro-variables in contention. Specific models are then derived from this grand model by letting each of the macro-variables play the role of a relevant macro factor (i.e. by affecting the time-varying market price of factor risks), or the role of an irrelevant macro factor (having no effect on the market price of factor risks). The Bayesian marginal likelihoods of the resulting models are computed by an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm and the method of Chib (1995) and Chib and Jeliazkov (2001). Given eight common macro factors, our comparison of 28=256 affine models shows that the most relevant macro factors for the U.S. yield curve are the federal funds rate, industrial production, total capacity utilization, and housing sales. We also show that the best supported model substantially improves out-of-sample yield curve forecasting and the understanding of term-premium.The second Chapter considers the question of which unspanned macro factors can improve prediction in arbitrage-free affine term structure models and convert return forecasts into economic gains. To achieve this, we develop a Bayesian framework for incorporating different combinations of macro variables within an affine term structure framework. Then each specific model within the framework is evaluated statistically and economically. For the statistical evaluation, we examine its out-of-sample yield density forecasting. The economic value of each model is compared in terms of the bond portfolio choice of a Bayesian risk- averse investor. We consider two main kinds of macro factors: representative macro factors in Chib et al. (2019) and principal component macro factors in Ludvigson and Ng (2009b). Our empirical results show that regardless of macro dataset we use(either Chib et al. (2019) or Ludvigson and Ng (2009b)), macro factor in real economic activity, financial sector and price index will help generate notable gains in out-of-sample forecast. Such gains in predictive accuracy translate into higher portfolio returns after accounting for estimation error and model uncertainty. In contrast, incorporating redundant macro variables into the affine term structure models can even decrease utility and prediction accuracy for investors. In addition, given the data sample we consider in the Chapter, we also find that principle component factors can perform relatively better than representative macro factors in terms of certainty equivalence return (CER).The third Chapter compares the posterior sampling performance of No-U-Turn sam- pler(NUTS) algorithm and tailored randomized-blocking Metropolis-Hastings (TaRB-MH) for macro-finance affine Term structure models. We conduct empirical experiments on 3 affine term structure models with the U.S. yield curve data. For each experiment, we examine the sampling efficiency of model parameters, factors, term premium, predictive yields,etc. Our emprical results indicate that the TaRB-MH substantially outperforms the NUTS methodin terms of the convergence and efficiency in posterior sampling. Furthermore, we show that NUTS' inefficiency in simulating the affine term structure models will be robust given different initial values for the algorithm.
Author: Zhiping Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We estimate a no-arbitrage term structure model of U.S. Treasury yields and corporate bond spreads with both economic factors and latent factors as drivers of term structure dynamics. We consider two sets of economic factors: macro factors consisting of inflation and real activity, and financial market factors consisting of funding liquidity and market volatility. We show that financial market factors have limited effects on the Treasury yield curve but substantial impacts on the credit spread term structure. In particular, negative liquidity shocks widen credit spreads, and this effect is more pronounced for short-term corporate bonds. We also find that out-of-sample forecasts for credit spreads improve when financial market factors are incorporated and when no-arbitrage restrictions are imposed. We also propose a minimum-chi-square method for estimating the term structure models of interest rate and credit spreads, which is more efficient and accurate than the widespread maximum-likelihood estimation.
Author: Fan Dora Xia
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321085112
Category : Interest rates
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
This dissertation studies the relationship between the term structure of interest rates, monetary policy, and macroeconomy. The first chapter, A Parsimonious No-Arbitrage Term Structure Model that is Useful for Forecasting, offers a solution to a well-known puzzle in the term structure literature. The puzzle is that while the level, slope and curvature (or the first three principal components of yields) can quite accurately summarize the cross-section of yields at any point in time, different functions of interest rates and other macroeconomic variables appear to be helpful when the goal is to predict future interest rates. My paper proposes a parsimonious representation to capture this feature in a large dataset. In the first step, I run reduced rank regressions of one-year excess returns on a panel of 131 macroeconomic variables and initial forward rates from 1964 to 2007. I find that a single linear combination of macroeconomic variables and forward rates can predict excess returns on two- to five-year maturity bonds with R-squared up to 0.71. The forecasting factor subsumes the tent-shaped linear combination of forward rates constructed by Cochrane and Piazzesi (2003) and explains excess returns better. In the second step, I estimate a restricted Gaussian Affine Term Structure Model (GATSM) with the level, slope and curvature commonly used by most term structure models along with the forecasting factor. Restrictions are derived based on the fact that while cross-sectional information in yields is spanned by the level, slope and curvature, cross-sectional information in expected excess returns is spanned by the forecasting factor. Compared with a conventional GATSM only including the level, slope and curvature, the restricted four-factor GATSM generates plausible countercyclical term premia. The second and third chapter focus on the recent zero lower bound (ZLB) period. In the second chapter, Measuring the Macroeconomic Impact of Monetary Policy at the Zero Lower Bound, coauthored with Cynthia Wu, we employ an approximation that makes a nonlinear shadow rate term structure model (SRTSM) extremely tractable for analysis of an economy operating near the zero lower bound for interest rates. We show that such a model offers a better description of the data compared to the widely used GATSM. Moreover, the model can be used to summarize the macroeconomic effects of unconventional monetary policy at the ZLB. Using a simple factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR), we show that the shadow rate calculated by our model exhibits similar dynamic correlations with macro variables of interest in the period since 2009 as the fed funds rate did in data prior to the Great Recession. This result gives us a tool for measuring the effects of monetary policy under the ZLB, using either historical estimates based on the fed funds rate or less precisely measured estimates inferred solely from the new data for the shadow rate alone. We show that the Fed has used unconventional policy measures to successfully lower the shadow rate. Our estimates imply that the Fed's efforts to stimulate the economy since 2009 have succeeded in lowering the unemployment rate by 0.13% relative to where it would have been in the absence of these measure. The third chapter, Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policies on the Term Structure of Interest Rates, offers a complete characterization of effects of unconventional monetary policies on interest rates by examining policies' impacts on the whole yield curve. I make use of the SRTSM to summarize all interest rates with factors of lower dimension so that I can capture responses of all interest rates in a parsimonious way. By investigating how policy announcements affect the three factors and then the whole forward curve accordingly, I find that during the ZLB period, forward rate with short maturities are constrained, while forward rates with long maturities still respond to policy announcements. Following each easing (tightening) policy announcement, long forward rates would decrease (increase) by 10 basis points on average.
