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Author: Dag Prawitz
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444893415
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 1006
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Book Description
This volume is the product of the Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and contains the text of most of the invited lectures. Divided into 15 sections, the book covers a wide range of different issues. The reader is given the opportunity to learn about the latest thinking in relevant areas other than those in which they themselves may normally specialise.
Author: Dag Prawitz
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444893415
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 1006
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume is the product of the Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and contains the text of most of the invited lectures. Divided into 15 sections, the book covers a wide range of different issues. The reader is given the opportunity to learn about the latest thinking in relevant areas other than those in which they themselves may normally specialise.
Author: Katie Robertson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192677497
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The different sciences furnish us with a wide variety of explanations: some work at macroscopic scales, some work at microscopic scales, and some operate across different levels. How do these different explanatory levels relate to one another, and what is an explanatory level in the first place? Over the last 50 years, more and more philosophers--both reductionists and anti-reductionists--no longer subscribe to the idea that the best explanation resides at the fundamental physical level. New challenges arise from the success of scientific explanations employing multi-level models which mix levels of explanation, from distinctive differences between levels structures in biology, cognitive science, and social science, from the apparently radical reimagining of the explanatory role of spacetime in our current best theories of fundamental physics, and from the enduring mystery of how higher-level explanations are possible in the first place. These questions naturally connect to classic philosophical ways of thinking about the relationships between levels: reduction, emergence, and fundamentality. This volume presents a snapshot of cutting-edge research on explanatory levels, from their conceptual foundations to the details of how they are used in scientific practice.
Author: Gregory Landini
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0195116836
Category : Logic, Symbolic and mathematical
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
In The Principles of Mathematics, Bertrand Russell set forth his logicist thesis that the concepts of non-applied mathematics are those of pure logic. In this revisionist interpretation. Gregory Landini explores an important central thread that unifies Russell's thoughts on logic in the two works. The heart of Landini's book is a careful presentation and exploration of Russell's largely unpublished "substitutional" theory of propositions.
Author: W.R. Shea
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400971338
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
and less as the emanation unden\'ent radioactive decay, and it became motion less after about 30 seconds. Since this process was occurring very rapidly, Hahn and Sackur marked the position of the pointer on a scale with pencil marks. As a timing device they used a metronome that beat out intervals of approximately 1. 3 seconds. This simple method enabled them to determine that the half-life of the emanations of actinium and emanium were the same. Although Giesel's measurements had been more precise than Debierne's, the name of actinium was retained since Debierne had made the discovery first. Hahn now returned to his sample of barium chloride. He soon conjectured that the radium-enriched preparations must harbor another radioactive sub stance. The liquids resulting from fractional crystallization, which were sup posed to contain radium only, produced two kinds of emanation. One was the long-lived emanation of radium, the other had a short life similar to the emanation produced by thorium. Hahn tried to separate this substance by adding some iron to the solutions that should have been free of radium, but to no avail. Later the reason for his failure became apparent. The element that emitted the thorium emanation was constantly replenished by the ele ment believed to be radium. Hahn succeeded in enriching a preparation until it was more than 100,000 times as intensive in its radiation as the same quantity of thorium.
Author: Dennis Dieks
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400711808
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
This volume, the second in the Springer series Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective, contains selected papers from the workshops organised by the ESF Research Networking Programme PSE (The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective) in 2009. Five general topics are addressed: 1. Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science; 2. Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences; 3. Philosophy of the Cultural and Social Sciences; 4. Philosophy of the Physical Sciences; 5. History of the Philosophy of Science. This volume is accordingly divided in five sections, each section containing papers coming from the meetings focussing on one of these five themes. However, these sections are not completely independent and detached from each other. For example, an important connecting thread running through a substantial number of papers in this volume is the concept of probability: probability plays a central role in present-day discussions in formal epistemology, in the philosophy of the physical sciences, and in general methodological debates---it is central in discussions concerning explanation, prediction and confirmation. The volume thus also attempts to represent the intellectual exchange between the various fields in the philosophy of science that was central in the ESF workshops.
Author: Bertrand Meyer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031345185
Category : Computer programming
Languages : en
Pages : 451
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Book Description
Zusammenfassung: The French School of Programming is a collection of insightful discussions of programming and software engineering topics, by some of the most prestigious names of French computer science. The authors include several of the originators of such widely acclaimed inventions as abstract interpretation, the Caml, OCaml and Eiffel programming languages, the Coq proof assistant, agents and modern testing techniques. The book is divided into four parts: Software Engineering (A), Programming Language Mechanisms and Type Systems (B), Theory (C), and Language Design and Programming Methodology (D). They are preceded by a Foreword by Bertrand Meyer, the editor of the volume, a Preface by Jim Woodcock providing an outsider's appraisal of the French school's contribution, and an overview chapter by Gérard Berry, recalling his own intellectual journey. Chapter 2, by Marie-Claude Gaudel, presents a 30-year perspective on the evolution of testing starting with her own seminal work. In chapter 3, Michel Raynal covers distributed computing with an emphasis on simplicity. Chapter 4, by Jean-Marc Jézéquel, former director of IRISA, presents the evolution of modeling, from CASE tools to SLE and Machine Learning. Chapter 5, by Joëlle Coutaz, is a comprehensive review of the evolution of Human-Computer Interaction. In part B, chapter 6, by Jean-Pierre Briot, describes the sequence of abstractions that led to the concept of agent. Chapter 7, by Pierre-Louis Curien, is a personal account of a journey through fundamental concepts of semantics, syntax and types. In chapter 8, Thierry Coquand presents "some remarks on dependent type theory". Part C begins with Patrick Cousot's personal historical perspective on his well-known creation, abstract interpretation, in chapter 9. Chapter 10, by Jean-Jacques Lévy, is devoted to tracking redexes in the Lambda Calculus. The final chapter of that part, chapter 11 by Jean-Pierre Jouannaud, presents advances in rewriting systems, specifically the confluence of terminating rewriting computations. Part D contains two longer contributions. Chapter 12 is a review by Giuseppe Castagna of a broad range of programming topics relying on union, intersection and negation types. In the final chapter, Bertrand Meyer covers "ten choices in language design" for object-oriented programming, distinguishing between "right" and "wrong" resolutions of these issues and explaining the rationale behind Eiffel's decisions. This book will be of special interest to anyone with an interest in modern views of programming -- on such topics as programming language design, the relationship between programming and type theory, object-oriented principles, distributed systems, testing techniques, rewriting systems, human-computer interaction, software verification... -- and in the insights of a brilliant group of innovators in the field
Author: Oskar Bartenstein
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540365249
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
The 20 revised full papers presented in this book together with 4 section surveys were carefully reviewed and selected from the papers contributed to the 14th International Conference on Applications of Prolog, INAP 2001, held in Tokyo, Japan, in October 2002. The papers are devoted to the four tightly interwoven aspects knowledge acquisition, knowledge management, knowledge processing, and knowledge distribution, all in the context of the World Wide Web; they are organized in topical sections on Web languages and logic, knowlege acquisition and knowledge representation, decision support by advanced logic programming, and Web-knowledge management and data mining. The book is targeted to designers and users of e-business systems and e-government systems, for IT professionals who build such systems, as well as for the wider audience interested in the technical background of knowledge processing for the Web.
Author: Alexander S. Kechris
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 113950424X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
The proceedings of the Los Angeles Caltech-UCLA 'Cabal Seminar' were originally published in the 1970s and 1980s. Wadge Degrees and Projective Ordinals is the second of a series of four books collecting the seminal papers from the original volumes together with extensive unpublished material, new papers on related topics and discussion of research developments since the publication of the original volumes. Focusing on the subjects of 'Wadge Degrees and Pointclasses' (Part III) and 'Projective Ordinals' (Part IV), each of the two sections is preceded by an introductory survey putting the papers into present context. These four volumes will be a necessary part of the book collection of every set theorist.
Author: Jody Azzouni
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190289457
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
If we must take mathematical statements to be true, must we also believe in the existence of abstracta eternal invisible mathematical objects accessible only by the power of pure thought? Jody Azzouni says no, and he claims that the way to escape such commitments is to accept (as an essential part of scientific doctrine) true statements which are about objects that don't exist in any sense at all. Azzouni illustrates what the metaphysical landscape looks like once we avoid a militant Realism which forces our commitment to anything that our theories quantify. Escaping metaphysical straitjackets (such as the correspondence theory of truth), while retaining the insight that some truths are about objects that do exist, Azzouni says that we can sort scientifically-given objects into two categories: ones which exist, and to which we forge instrumental access in order to learn their properties, and ones which do not, that is, which are made up in exactly the same sense that fictional objects are. He offers as a case study a small portion of Newtonian physics, and one result of his classification of its ontological commitments, is that it does not commit us to absolute space and time.
Author: Nicholas Griffin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521636346
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
Mathematics in and behind Russell's logicism, and its reception / I. Grattan-Guinness -- Russell's philosophical background / Nicholas Griffin -- Russell and Moore, 1898-1905 / Richard L. Cartwright -- Russell and Frege / Michael Beaney -- Bertrand Russell's logicism / Martin Godwyn and Andrew D. Irvine -- The theory of descriptions / Peter Hylton -- Russell's substitutional theory / Gregory Landini -- The theory of types / Alasdair Urquhart -- Russell's method of analysis / Paul Hager -- Russell's neutral monism / R.E. Tully -- The metaphysics of logical atomism / Bernard Linksy -- Russell's structuralism and the absolute description of the world / William Demopoulos -- From knowledge by acquaintance to knowledge by causation / Thomas Baldwin -- Russell, experience, and the roots of science / A.C. Grayling -- Bertrand Russell: moral philosopher or unphilosophical moralist? / Charles R. Pidgen.
