Author: Manfred Pinkal
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 079233387X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Semantic underspecification is an essential and pervasive property of natural language. This monograph provides a comprehensive survey of the various phenomena in the field of ambiguity and vagueness. The book discusses the major theories of semantic indefiniteness, which have been proposed in linguistics, philosophy and computer science. It argues for a view of indefiniteness as the potential for further contextual specification, and proposes a unified logical treatment of indefiniteness on this basis. The inherent inconsistency of natural language induced by irreducible imprecision is investigated, and treated in terms of a dynamic extension of the proposed logic. The book is an extended edition of a German monograph and is addressed to advanced students and researchers in theoretical and computational linguistics, logic, philosophy of language, and NL- oriented AI. Although it makes extensive use of logical formalisms, it requires only some basic familiarity with standard predicate logic concepts since all technical terms are carefully explained.
Author: W. V. QUINE
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674042441
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
With his customary incisiveness, W. V. Quine presents logic as the product of two factors, truth and grammar--but argues against the doctrine that the logical truths are true because of grammar or language. Rather, in presenting a general theory of grammar and discussing the boundaries and possible extensions of logic, Quine argues that logic is not a mere matter of words.
Author: Gennaro Chierchia
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199697973
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 481
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Book Description
In a fundamental investigation of language and human reasoning, Gennaro Chierchia looks at how syntactic and inferential processes interact through the study of polarity sensitive and free choice items. He reformulates the semantics of focus and scope and the pragmatics of implicature as part of the recursive semantic system.
Author: Manfred Pinkal
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401584451
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Semantic underspecification is an essential and pervasive property of natural language. This monograph provides a comprehensive survey of the various phenomena in the field of ambiguity and vagueness. The book discusses the major theories of semantic indefiniteness, which have been proposed in linguistics, philosophy and computer science. It argues for a view of indefiniteness as the potential for further contextual specification, and proposes a unified logical treatment of indefiniteness on this basis. The inherent inconsistency of natural language induced by irreducible imprecision is investigated, and treated in terms of a dynamic extension of the proposed logic. The book is an extended edition of a German monograph and is addressed to advanced students and researchers in theoretical and computational linguistics, logic, philosophy of language, and NL- oriented AI. Although it makes extensive use of logical formalisms, it requires only some basic familiarity with standard predicate logic concepts since all technical terms are carefully explained.
Author: Dino Buzzetti
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027245258
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
This volume brings together papers originally presented at a seminar series on Speculative Grammar, Universal Grammar, and Philosophical Analysis, held at the University of Bologna in 1984. The seminars aimed at considering various aspects of the interplay between linguistic theories on the one hand, and theories of meaning and logic on the other. The point of view was mainly historical, but a theoretical approach was also considered relevant. Theories of grammar and related topics were taken as a focal point of interest; their interaction with philosophical reflections on languages was examined in presentations dealing with different authors and periods, ranging from the Middle Ages to the present day.
Author: Sujata Ghosh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030887081
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This LNCS book is part of the FOLLI book series and constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, LORI 2021, held in Xi`an, China, in October 2021. The 15 full papers presented together with 7 short papers in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The workshop covers a wide range on the following topics such as doxastic and epistemic logics, deontic logic, intuitionistic and subsstructural logics, voting theory, and (a new theme emphasized this year) causal inference.
Author: Sean A. Fulop
Publisher: Trafford Publishing
ISBN: 1412023815
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
This book presents the author's research on automatic learning procedures for categorial grammars of natural languages. The research program spans a number of intertwined disciplines, including syntax, semantics, learnability theory, logic, and computer science. The theoretical framework employed is an extension of categorial grammar that has come to be called multimodal or type-logical grammar. The first part of the book presents an expository summary of how grammatical sentences of any language can be deduced with a specially designed logical calculus that treats syntactic categories as its formulae. Some such Universal Type Logic is posited to underlie the human language faculty, and all linguistic variation is captured by the different systems of semantic and syntactic categories which are assigned in the lexicons of different languages. The remainder of the book is devoted to the explicit formal development of computer algorithms which can learn the lexicons of type logical grammars from learning samples of annotated sentences. The annotations consist of semantic terms expressed in the lambda calculus, and may also include an unlabeled tree-structuring over the sentence. The major features of the research include the following: We show how the assumption of a universal linguistic component---the logic of language---is not incompatible with the conviction that every language needs a different system of syntactic and semantic categories for its proper description. The supposedly universal linguistic categories descending from antiquity (noun, verb, etc.) are summarily discarded. Languages are here modeled as consisting primarily of sentence trees labeled with semantic structures; a new mathematical class of such term-labeled tree languages is developed which cross-cuts the well-known Chomsky hierarchy and provides a formal restrictive condition on the nature of human languages. The human language acquisition mechanism is postulated to be biased, such that it assumes all input language samples are drawn from the above "syntactically homogeneous" class; in this way, the universal features of human languages arise not just from the innate logic of language, but also from the innate biases which govern language learning. This project represents the first complete explicit attempt to model the aquisition of human language since Steve Pinker's groundbreaking 1984 publication, "Language Learnability and Language Development."
Author: Lev D. Beklemishev
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642209203
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Communication, WoLLIC 2011, held in Philadelphia, PA, USA, in May 2011. The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. Among the topics covered are various aspects of mathematical logic, computer science logics, philosophical logics, such as complexity theory, model theory, partial order, Hoare logics, hybrid logics, Turing machines, etc.
Author: Ulf Hlobil
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040033911
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
Reasons for Logic, Logic for Reasons presents a philosophical conception of logic—“logical expressivism”—according to which the role of logic is to make explicit reason relations, which are often neither monotonic nor transitive. This conception of logic reveals new and enlightening perspectives on inferential roles, sequent calculi, representation, truthmakers, and many extant logical theories. The book shows how we can understand different metavocabularies as making explicit the same reason relations, namely normative-pragmatic, alethic-representational, logical, and “implication-space” metavocabularies. This includes a philosophical account of the pragmatic role of reason relations, treatments of nonmonotonic and nontransitive consequence relations in sequent calculi, a correspondence between these sequent calculi and variants of truthmaker theory, and the introduction of a novel kind of formal semantics that interprets sentences by assigning inferential roles to them. The book thus offers logical expressivists and semantic inferentialists new ways to understand logic, content, inferential roles, representation, and reason relations. This book will appeal to researchers and graduate students who are interested in the philosophy of logic, in reasons and reasoning, in theories of meaning and content, or in nonmonotonic and nontransitive logics.
Author: Sarah Rees Brennan
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 0857070045
Category : Juvenile Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Nick and his brother Alan are on the run with their mother, who was once the lover of a powerful magician. When she left him, she stole an important charm - and he will stop at nothing to reclaim it. Now Alan has been marked with the sign of death by the magician's demon, and only Nick can save him. But to do so he must face those he has fled from all his life - the magicians - and kill them. So the hunted becomes the hunter… but in saving his brother, Nick discovers something that will unravel his whole past… "The Demon's Lexicon is full of shimmery marvels and bountiful thunder." - Scott Westerfeld "Sarah Rees Brennan crafts a twisty tale full of surprises." - Holly Black "Witty, dark, and moving, this novel will keep your eyes glued to the pages." - Cassandra Clare Nonstop action, nail-biting supsense, clever rapartee, and a knockout secret involving the two brothers will keep readers on the edges of their seats. Fans of the paranormal and the Supernatural television series are going to enjoy the adventures of these demon-fighting brothers, but so will aficionados of sharp writing, complex characters, fast-paced plots, teen angst, and the struggle between good and evil. For fans of Supernatural comes a read-until-3am-book, the first in the series by acclaimed author Sarah Rees Brennan
