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Author: Gary Clyde Hufbauer
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 088132681X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
In the wake of the Great Recession of 2008–09, economists feared that protectionist policies might sweep the world economy, echoing the wave of tariff escalations during the Great Depression of the 1930s. To some surprise, officials were more restrained and largely avoided traditional forms of protection (tariffs and quotas). As a result, economists underestimated the incidence of new protectionism because policymakers increasingly turned to more opaque behind-the-border nontariff barriers (NTBs). Using a combination of statistical analysis and case studies, the authors show that local content requirements (LCRs), a form of NTB, have become increasingly popular. How much was global trade actually reduced on account of LCRs? A conservative estimate might be $93 billion. Case studies featured cover the healthcare sector in Brazil, wind turbines in Canada, the automobile industry in China, solar cells and modules in India, oil and gas in Nigeria, and "Buy American" restrictions on government procurement.
Author: Gary Clyde Hufbauer
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 088132681X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
In the wake of the Great Recession of 2008–09, economists feared that protectionist policies might sweep the world economy, echoing the wave of tariff escalations during the Great Depression of the 1930s. To some surprise, officials were more restrained and largely avoided traditional forms of protection (tariffs and quotas). As a result, economists underestimated the incidence of new protectionism because policymakers increasingly turned to more opaque behind-the-border nontariff barriers (NTBs). Using a combination of statistical analysis and case studies, the authors show that local content requirements (LCRs), a form of NTB, have become increasingly popular. How much was global trade actually reduced on account of LCRs? A conservative estimate might be $93 billion. Case studies featured cover the healthcare sector in Brazil, wind turbines in Canada, the automobile industry in China, solar cells and modules in India, oil and gas in Nigeria, and "Buy American" restrictions on government procurement.
Author: Sherzod Shadikhodjaev
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107145082
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
Highlights what national governments should know to properly conduct their industrial policies under the multilateral trading system.
Author: Damilola S. Olawuyi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108495370
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 451
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Book Description
Examines critical links between local content requirements and the application of sustainable development treaties in global energy markets.
Author: Silvana Tordo
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821399349
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
A number of countries have recently discovered and are developing oil and gas reserves. Policy makers in such countries are anxious to obtain the greatest benefits for their economies from the extraction of these exhaustible resources by designing appropriate policies to achieve desired goals. One important theme of such policies is the so-called local content created by the sector—the extent to which the output of the extractive industry sector generates further benefits to the economy beyond the direct contribution of its value-added, through its links to other sectors. While local content policies have the potential to stimulate broad-based economic development, their application in petroleum-rich countries has achieved mixed results. This paper describes the policies and practices meant to foster the development of economic linkages from the petroleum sector, as adopted by a number of petroleum-producing countries both in and outside the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Examples of policy objectives, implementation tools, and reporting metrics are provided to derive lessons of wider applicability. The paper presents various conclusions for policy makers about the design of local content policies.
Author: Eduardo G. Pereira
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030560929
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 653
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Book Description
This book explores three particular strategies in the extractives sector for creating shared wealth, increased labour opportunities and positive social, environmental and economic outcomes from corporate projects, namely: state wealth funds (SWF), local content policies (LCP) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Collectively, the chapters explore the associated experiences and challenges in different parts of the world with the view to inform equitable and sustainable development for the communities living adjacent to extractives sites and the wider society and environment. Examples of LCPs, SWFs and CSR practices from 12 jurisdictions with diverse experiences offer usefull insights. The book illuminates challenges and opportunities for sustainable development outcomes of the extractives sector. It reflects the need to take on board the lessons of these global experiences in order to improve outcomes for poverty reduction, inequality reduction and sustainable development.
Author: Yelena Kalyuzhnova
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137447869
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
This book analyses the role of local content (LC) policy in the economic development of five resource-rich countries: Brazil, Kazakhstan, Norway, Russia and the UK. The authors situate LC policy within a framework of sustainability in the form of industrial diversification and innovation-led growth, and examine how effective LC policies are in facilitating sectoral and economy-wide catching up. Structured in five chapters, the book begins with an introduction and then presents an overview of LC definitions and situates LC policies within a framework of economic development. The third chapter compares specific examples of LC development and highlights variations in practice as well as learning across case countries. The fourth chapter focuses on macro-economic, micro-economic and institutional challenges conditioning LC development and the ability of LC policies to assist innovation-led growth. The authors conclude by examining what the future holds for LC policies and their role in promoting economic growth and addressing the wider social, political and economic challenges in resource-rich countries.
Author: Pereowei Subai
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351068067
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Examining local content law and policy in the oil and gas industry, this book uses Nigeria as a primary case study, comparing its approach to countries such as Brazil and Norway which have also adopted local content laws in relation to their gas and oil industries. In considering various aspects of local content law and policy as they apply to the oil and gas industry, the book examines the factors behind the formulation of local content policies by petroleum producing states, and the various strategies they have employed to implement them. It analyses arguments against local content requirements from the perspective of international trade and investment law, and from liberal market economic theorists, who argue against its overall usefulness. The book highlights salient aspects of the oil and gas industry such as regulation, national oil companies, treatment of minorities, and policy formulation and implementation.
Author: United States. Federal Trade Commission
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buy national policy
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9781590318737
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Author: United States Government Accountability Office
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0359536395
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Audits provide essential accountability and transparency over government programs. Given the current challenges facing governments and their programs, the oversight provided through auditing is more critical than ever. Government auditing provides the objective analysis and information needed to make the decisions necessary to help create a better future. The professional standards presented in this 2018 revision of Government Auditing Standards (known as the Yellow Book) provide a framework for performing high-quality audit work with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence to provide accountability and to help improve government operations and services. These standards, commonly referred to as generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS), provide the foundation for government auditors to lead by example in the areas of independence, transparency, accountability, and quality through the audit process. This revision contains major changes from, and supersedes, the 2011 revision.
