Blade-Pitch Control for Wind Turbine Load Reductions PDF Download
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Author: Wai Hou (Alan) Lio
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319755323
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
This thesis investigates the use of blade-pitch control and real-time wind measurements to reduce the structural loads on the rotors and blades of wind turbines. The first part of the thesis studies the main similarities between the various classes of current blade-pitch control strategies, which have to date remained overlooked by mainstream literature. It also investigates the feasibility of an estimator design that extracts the turbine tower motion signal from the blade load measurements. In turn, the second part of the thesis proposes a novel model predictive control layer in the control architecture that enables an existing controller to incorporate the upcoming wind information and constraint-handling features. This thesis provides essential clarifications of and systematic design guidelines for these topics, which can benefit the design of wind turbines and, it is hoped, inspire the development of more innovative mechanical load-reduction solutions in the field of wind energy.
Author: Wai Hou (Alan) Lio
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319755323
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Get Book Here
Book Description
This thesis investigates the use of blade-pitch control and real-time wind measurements to reduce the structural loads on the rotors and blades of wind turbines. The first part of the thesis studies the main similarities between the various classes of current blade-pitch control strategies, which have to date remained overlooked by mainstream literature. It also investigates the feasibility of an estimator design that extracts the turbine tower motion signal from the blade load measurements. In turn, the second part of the thesis proposes a novel model predictive control layer in the control architecture that enables an existing controller to incorporate the upcoming wind information and constraint-handling features. This thesis provides essential clarifications of and systematic design guidelines for these topics, which can benefit the design of wind turbines and, it is hoped, inspire the development of more innovative mechanical load-reduction solutions in the field of wind energy.
Author: Wai Hou (Alan) Lio
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319755311
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
This thesis investigates the use of blade-pitch control and real-time wind measurements to reduce the structural loads on the rotors and blades of wind turbines. The first part of the thesis studies the main similarities between the various classes of current blade-pitch control strategies, which have to date remained overlooked by mainstream literature. It also investigates the feasibility of an estimator design that extracts the turbine tower motion signal from the blade load measurements. In turn, the second part of the thesis proposes a novel model predictive control layer in the control architecture that enables an existing controller to incorporate the upcoming wind information and constraint-handling features. This thesis provides essential clarifications of and systematic design guidelines for these topics, which can benefit the design of wind turbines and, it is hoped, inspire the development of more innovative mechanical load-reduction solutions in the field of wind energy.
Author: Martin Shan
Publisher: Fraunhofer Verlag
ISBN: 9783839613696
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In wind turbine engineering, it is a well-known fact that mechanical loading of the structural components, as tower and blades, can be heavily influenced by means of control. This work provides a comprehensive discussion on systematic control design for active load reduction. A review of the established approaches for load reducing pitch control is given. The basic idea is to adjust the blade pitch angles to provide active damping of structural loads or to compensate for periodic load components. A survey on rating and cost of wind turbine structural components is given to sketch the potential impacts of control design on Cost-of-Energy. Special focus in a separate chapter is given to the major trade-off between load reductions and rating of the pitch actuator system. In the main part, a pragmatic approach to systematic control design by use of modern multi-variable control design methods is introduced. Linear models in combination with disturbance spectra are applied to allow for fast and transparent optimization of the controllers. Exemplarily, this hierarchical control design / controller tuning approach is demonstrated for two different types of load reducing pitch controllers.
Author: Qiuwei Wu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119236266
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
An essential reference to the modeling techniques of wind turbine systems for the application of advanced control methods This book covers the modeling of wind power and application of modern control methods to the wind power control—specifically the models of type 3 and type 4 wind turbines. The modeling aspects will help readers to streamline the wind turbine and wind power plant modeling, and reduce the burden of power system simulations to investigate the impact of wind power on power systems. The use of modern control methods will help technology development, especially from the perspective of manufactures. Chapter coverage includes: status of wind power development, grid code requirements for wind power integration; modeling and control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine generator (WTG); optimal control strategy for load reduction of full scale converter (FSC) WTG; clustering based WTG model linearization; adaptive control of wind turbines for maximum power point tracking (MPPT); distributed model predictive active power control of wind power plants and energy storage systems; model predictive voltage control of wind power plants; control of wind power plant clusters; and fault ride-through capability enhancement of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants. Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power also features tables, illustrations, case studies, and an appendix showing a selection of typical test systems and the code of adaptive and distributed model predictive control. Analyzes the developments in control methods for wind turbines (focusing on type 3 and type 4 wind turbines) Provides an overview of the latest changes in grid code requirements for wind power integration Reviews the operation characteristics of the FSC and DFIG WTG Presents production efficiency improvement of WTG under uncertainties and disturbances with adaptive control Deals with model predictive active and reactive power control of wind power plants Describes enhanced control of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power is ideal for PhD students and researchers studying the field, but is also highly beneficial to engineers and transmission system operators (TSOs), wind turbine manufacturers, and consulting companies.
Author: Avishek Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Horizontal axis wind turbines
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
In an effort to reduce cost of energy from wind, wind turbines have grown to immense sizes. This has led to large, flexible, lightly damped towers and rotors that can be excited by the wind. Reducing the resulting fatigue loading and maintaining power capture are primary objectives for advanced controllers. In this thesis, a synthesis procedure for creating a multivariable linear parameter varying (LPV) controller suitable for the wind turbine control problem is created. The LPV controller uses the current wind speed estimate from an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for gain scheduling in order to accommodate system nonlinearities. The synthesis procedure allows the use of a parameter dependance Lyapunov function without having to choose the form of the parameter dependence. Additionally, the synthesis procedure is designed for discrete time systems, allowing digital implementation of the controller. While the LPV controller is suitable for the wind turbine problem, its performance is limited by constrained actuators, as well as persistent disturbances to the system. Therefore a model predictive controller (MPC controller) that builds on the advantages of the LPV controller is created. The MPC controller utilises future wind speed information to increase controller performance and can maintain stability in the presence of constrained actuators. The ability of both controllers to reduce fatigue loading in the drivetrain, tower and blades whilst maintaining power capture relative to a baseline is tested in simulation. The testing includes six hours of simulations using a high order, nonlinear aeroelastic model of a three-bladed, 600kW wind turbine in full-field turbulent winds. The simulation conditions include above rated, below rated, and transitional winds. The LPV controller shows overall reductions in tower, drivetrain and blade loads relative to the baseline. The MPC controller shows poor performance in below rated winds due to high errors in the prediction model. In above rated winds, the MPC controller shows the ability to reduce loads in the blades, drivetrain and tower relative to the LPV controller. Furthermore, the MPC controller shows less pitch actuator usage and maintains performance in situations that cause the LPV controller to saturate the pitch actuators and lose performance.
Author:
Publisher: EWEA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: Committee on Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309583187
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
Wind-driven power systems represent a renewable energy technology. Arrays of interconnected wind turbines can convert power carried by the wind into electricity. This book defines a research and development agenda for the U.S. Department of Energy's wind energy program in hopes of improving the performance of this emerging technology.
Author: Zhongyou Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Active noise and vibration control
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Ramification of wind power generation critically depends on the reduction of its levelized cost of energy (LCOE), for which enhancing the energy capture and reducing the fatigue loads are two major pillars. Development of advanced control strategies for enhancing power capture and reducing the structural loads has become a primary aspect for the operation of individual turbines and the whole wind farm, offshore or onshore. This dissertation research aims to pursue investigations on advanced control strategies that cover both energy capture enhancement and load reduction: 1) extremum seeking based model-free control for enhancing wind turbine and wind farm energy capture with improved convergence, and 2) controls of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) with novel actuations. For wind turbine operation below the rated wind speed (i.e. Region 2), the primary control objective for variable-speed variable-pitch turbines is to optimize the generator torque for maximizing the energy capture. Extremum seeking control (ESC) has emerged as an appealing model-free Region-2 control method with much less dependency on turbine characteristics and wind speed measurement. However, the previous work of ESC Region-2 control with the rotor power feedback suffers from undesirable convergence due to wind fluctuation. An estimated power coefficient is proposed as the ESC objective function in order to reduce the sensitivity of the optimum seeking process to wind fluctuation. The hub-height free-stream wind speed is estimated with the nacelle anemometer measurement based on the so-called nacelle transfer function (NTF) derived between the nacelle anemometer and met-tower measurement. Also, an ESC integrated inter-region switching scheme is proposed to avoid the load increase associated with the ESC operation. FAST based simulation study shows that the proposed method achieves more robust convergence to wind fluctuation compared to the power feedback based ESC. For Region-2 control of wind farm operation, the Nested-Loop Extremum Seeking Control (NLESC) has demonstrated its effectiveness in enhancing energy capture at the farm level, however, its convergence speed has been highly limited by the delay of wake propagation between the upstream and downstream turbines as the dither signals for optimizing upstream turbines needs to be of much lower frequencies. In this dissertation research, the NLESC is enhanced with a predictor based delay compensation (DCNLESC), based on which the dither frequencies of upstream turbines can be retained at the level for individual turbine operation. The proposed scheme is validated with a three-turbine model in SimWindFarm. The research FOWT controls is conducted for tensioned-leg platform (TLP), and two novel actuation schemes are proposed for motion stabilization and load reduction: dynamic vibrations absorber (DVA) and active mooring line force control (AMFLC) with fishing line artificial muscle (FLAM) actuator. First proposed is to deploy the vertically operated DVAs at the spokes of TLP structure. Via the Lagrange’s equations, a control-oriented model of 11 degrees-offreedom (DOFs) is derived for the TLP-FOWT-DVA system, with which a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is designed for stabilizing the platform pitch and roll motion. The LQR controller, turbine controller, as well as the DVA model are implemented in Simulink, which is coupled with the wind turbine model in FAST via a dedicated interface. Simulations are performed for 9 m/s and 18 m/s turbulent winds with different wind and wave directions. The simulation results show that the platform motion and tower loads in the lateral direction and mooring line tension load are significantly reduced, while the tower load in the fore-aft direction can be moderately reduced. For achieving the performance in platform motion stabilization and load reduction, the average power consumption of the DVA actuators is less than 0.27% of the wind turbine power generated during the simulated periods. As for the second concept of TLP-FOWT control, the FLAM actuator is proposed to be deployed to the junction between the mooring lines and TLP spokes, realizing AMLFC of TLP-FOWT. The FLAM actuator consists of multiple bundles of twisted nylon fishing lines, with the contracting and stretching forces induced by thermal actuation. A simulation model of the FLAM actuator is developed in Simulink, along with an interface to the mooring line model of TLP-FOWT in FAST. The dynamic model of the FLAM actuator is obtained with ANSYS simulation, and a control-oriented model is obtained for the FOWT platform motion. First, an LQR controller is implemented to validate the proposed framework. Then, based on the development of dynamic hybrid automata (DHA) model for the TLP-FOWT system with FLAM actuators, a hybrid model predictive controller is developed with the inclusion of information on incoming wind and wave. Simulation study shows that, with mild power consumption, the proposed AMLFC strategy can significantly reduce the platform roll motion and the tower-base side-side bending loads with little impact on the rotor speed and power output.
Author: Weiwei Shan
Publisher: Fraunhofer Verlag
ISBN: 9783839610220
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Three different control design methods have been investigated, and will be discussed regarding their advantages and disadvantages: (1) Classical linear PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) control design; (2) Linear H8 control design based on LMI (Linear Matrix Inequalities) criteria; (3) Nonlinear LPV (Linear Parameter Variant) control design based on convex optimization. Controller input signals in all cases are rotor speed and axial tower top acceleration. Because of the nonlinear aerodynamics of a wind turbine, for each design some type of gain scheduling is required. The basic practical aspects, e.g. anti-windup and gain scheduling have been verified in non-linear simulations.
Author: Gijs van Kuik
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319469193
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
This book presents the view of European wind energy experts on the long-term research challenges to be solved in order to develop wind energy beyond the applications of today and tomorrow. By this book, the European Academy of Wind Energy (eawe), representing universities and institutes with a significant wind energy programme in 14 countries, wants to: identify current technological and scientific barriers and to stimulate new creative ideas to overcome these barriers define priorities for future scientific research rethink our scientific view of wind energy stimulate the cooperation among researchers in fundamental and applied sciences towards wind energy research The eawe has discussed these long-term research with an explicit focus on a longer-term perspective, in contrast to research agendas addressing short- to medium-term research activities. In other words, this long-term research agenda is driven by problems and curiosity, addressing basic research and fundamental knowledge in 11 research areas, ranging from physics and design to environmental and societal aspects. Because of the very nature of this initiative, this document does not intend to be permanent or complete. It shows the vision of the experts of the European Academy of Wind Energy, but other views may be possible. The eawe sincerely hopes that it will spur an even more intensive discussion worldwide within the wind energy community.
