Lipid Bilayer-embedded Hydrophobic Palladium Nanoparticles for Catalysis of Olefins in Water PDF Download
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Author: Dominick Damian Ortega (Graduate student)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alkenes
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
Abstract: Despite the availability of many water-soluble organometallic and nanoparticulate catalysts, the direct application of water-soluble catalysts for the reaction of immiscible and hydrophobic substrates has been hindered by the low solubility of nonpolar reactants in water. Our research group has shown that alkanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles (PdNP) exhibit excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds in organic solvents. This PdNP was synthesized using the thiosulfate protocol using sodium S-dodecylthiosulfate as ligand precursor. The purpose of this study is to examine the catalytic activity of PdNP encapsulated in 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) lipids in water. After the liposome film assembly of PdNP with PC in chloroform, the solvent was removed under vacuum and the hybrid was hydrated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The resulting liposome- PdNP hybrids dissolved in water were characterized by 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During the catalysis reaction, the bilayer characteristics of liposome-PdNP hybrid would allow the hydrophobic substrate such as 1-octene and its isomers to momentarily enter the hydrophobic region of the catalysts with adequate stirring force. After the reaction, the resulting products from bi-phasic system were subsequently extracted with organic solvents and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). The results suggested that the transformation of 1-octene to trans-2-octene and cis-2-octene occur after 1 h of reaction time. Transformation of trans-2-octene and cis-2-octene to octane appears to take place after the completion of a 24 h reaction time. Phase transition study was also done to evaluate the effects of temperature on the fluidity of the bilayer and on the catalytic activity of the system. Temperature study results indicate a significant increase in conversion percentage of substrate into product below the phase transition temperature while no further increase was observed at the phase transition temperature of DSPC. Further investigation using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the phase transition temperature of DSPC slightly increased with the incorporation of the PdNP into the bilayer. Substrate effects were explored by using a longer alkyl substrate, 1-tetradecene, which lead to overall lower conversion after 24 h due to its larger and bulkier size.
Author: Dominick Damian Ortega (Graduate student)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alkenes
Languages : en
Pages : 46
Get Book Here
Book Description
Abstract: Despite the availability of many water-soluble organometallic and nanoparticulate catalysts, the direct application of water-soluble catalysts for the reaction of immiscible and hydrophobic substrates has been hindered by the low solubility of nonpolar reactants in water. Our research group has shown that alkanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles (PdNP) exhibit excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds in organic solvents. This PdNP was synthesized using the thiosulfate protocol using sodium S-dodecylthiosulfate as ligand precursor. The purpose of this study is to examine the catalytic activity of PdNP encapsulated in 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) lipids in water. After the liposome film assembly of PdNP with PC in chloroform, the solvent was removed under vacuum and the hybrid was hydrated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The resulting liposome- PdNP hybrids dissolved in water were characterized by 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During the catalysis reaction, the bilayer characteristics of liposome-PdNP hybrid would allow the hydrophobic substrate such as 1-octene and its isomers to momentarily enter the hydrophobic region of the catalysts with adequate stirring force. After the reaction, the resulting products from bi-phasic system were subsequently extracted with organic solvents and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). The results suggested that the transformation of 1-octene to trans-2-octene and cis-2-octene occur after 1 h of reaction time. Transformation of trans-2-octene and cis-2-octene to octane appears to take place after the completion of a 24 h reaction time. Phase transition study was also done to evaluate the effects of temperature on the fluidity of the bilayer and on the catalytic activity of the system. Temperature study results indicate a significant increase in conversion percentage of substrate into product below the phase transition temperature while no further increase was observed at the phase transition temperature of DSPC. Further investigation using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the phase transition temperature of DSPC slightly increased with the incorporation of the PdNP into the bilayer. Substrate effects were explored by using a longer alkyl substrate, 1-tetradecene, which lead to overall lower conversion after 24 h due to its larger and bulkier size.
Author: Nicholas Pavlakovich (Graduate student)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
The research described in this thesis details the preparation and characterization of catalytically active LNAs. Palladium nanoparticles (PdNP) embedded in the lipid bilayer of LNAs dispersed in water were able to catalyze the hydrogenation of 1-octene when under 1 atm hydrogen gas. The rate of hydrogenation was dependent on the lipid composition of LNAs; cholesterol had a deleterious effect on activity but aided in stabilizing the colloidal dispersions. LNAs composed of DLPC performed hydrogenation more quickly than those of DSPC and also had greater colloidal stability. LNAs prepared in this study however showed decreased colloidal stability compared to their counterpart liposomes lacking PdNP.
Author: Jin Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nanoparticles
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Author: Vivek Polshettiwar
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118609808
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 670
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Book Description
Exhibiting both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic properties, nanocatalysts allow for rapid and selective chemical transformations, with the benefits of excellent product yield and ease of catalyst separation and recovery. This book reviews the catalytic performance and the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts, examining the current state of the art and pointing the way towards new avenues of research. Moreover, the authors discuss new and emerging applications of nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis, from pharmaceuticals to fine chemicals to renewable energy to biotransformations. Nanocatalysis features contributions from leading research groups around the world. These contributions reflect a thorough review of the current literature as well as the authors’ first-hand experience designing and synthesizing nanocatalysts and developing new applications for them. The book’s nineteen chapters offer a broad perspective, covering: Nanocatalysis for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions Nanocatalysis for various organic transformations in fine chemical synthesis Nanocatalysis for oxidation, hydrogenation, and other related reactions Nanomaterial-based photocatalysis and biocatalysis Nanocatalysts to produce non-conventional energy such as hydrogen and biofuels Nanocatalysts and nano-biocatalysts in the chemical industry Readers will also learn about the latest spectroscopic and microscopy tools used in advanced characterization methods that shed new light on nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis. Moreover, the authors offer expert advice to help readers develop strategies to improve catalytic performance. Summarizing and reviewing all the most important advances in nanocatalysis over the last two decades, this book explains the many advantages of nanocatalysts over conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, providing the information and guidance needed for designing green, sustainable catalytic processes.
Author: Bing Zhou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387346880
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
This volume continues the tradition formed in Nanotechnology in Catalysis 1 and 2. As with those books, this one is based upon an ACS symposium. Some of the most illustrious names in heterogeneous catalysis are among the contributors. The book covers: Design, synthesis, and control of catalysts at nanoscale; understanding of catalytic reaction at nanometer scale; characterization of nanomaterials as catalysts; nanoparticle metal or metal oxides catalysts; nanomaterials as catalyst supports; new catalytic applications of nanomaterials.
Author: Eric N. Jacobsen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540003335
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
The first supplement to the three volume reference work "Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis" critically reviews new developments to the hottest topics in the field written by recognised experts. Eleven chapters which are already in the major reference work have been supplemented and additionally five new chapters have been included. Thus the state-of-the art in this area is now re-established. Together with the basic three volume book set this supplement is not only the principal reference source for synthetic organic chemists, but also for all scientific researchers who use chiral compounds in their work (for example, in biochemical investigations and molecular medicine) as well as for pharmaceutical chemists and other industrial researchers who prepare chiral compounds.
Author: Raymond Seymour
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146845448X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Natural polymers, such as proteins, starch, cellulose, hevea rubber, and gum which have been available for centuries, have been applied as materials for food, leather, sizings, fibers, structures, waterproofing, and coatings. During the past century, the use of both natural and syn thetic polymers has been expanded to include more intricate applications, such as membranes, foams, medicinals, conductors, insulators, fibers, films, packaging and applications requiring high modulus at elevated temperatures. The topics in this symposium which are summarized in this book are illustrative of some of the myriad applications of these ubiquitous mater ials. As stated in forecast in the last chapter in this book, it is cer tain that revolutionary applications of polymers will occur during the next decades. Hopefully, information presented in other chapters in this book will catalyze some of these anticipated applications. It is appropriate that these reports were presented at an American Chemical Society Polymer Science and Engineering Division Award Symposium honoring Dr. O.A. Battista who has gratifying to note that Phillips Pet roleum Company, which has paved the way in applications of many new poly mers, is the sponsor of this important award. We are all cheerfully expressing our thanks to this corporate spon sor and to Distinguished Professor Raymond B. Seymour of the University of Southern Mississippi who served as the organizer of this symposium and editor of this important book.
Author: Jens Hagen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527331654
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
Now in it's 3rd Edition, Industrial Catalysis offers all relevant information on catalytic processes in industry, including many recent examples. Perfectly suited for self-study, it is the ideal companion for scientists who want to get into the field or refresh existing knowledge. The updated edition covers the full range of industrial aspects, from catalyst development and testing to process examples and catalyst recycling. The book is characterized by its practical relevance, expressed by a selection of over 40 examples of catalytic processes in industry. In addition, new chapters on catalytic processes with renewable materials and polymerization catalysis have been included. Existing chapters have been carefully revised and supported by new subchapters, for example, on metathesis reactions, refinery processes, petrochemistry and new reactor concepts. "I found the book accesible, readable and interesting - both as a refresher and as an introduction to new topics - and a convenient first reference on current industrial catalytic practise and processes." Excerpt from a book review for the second edition by P. C. H. Mitchell, Applied Organometallic Chemistry (2007)
Author: Eder João Lenardão
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319924052
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
This book presents recent advances in and perspectives on the use of organoselenium compounds, primarily highlighting the new frontiers in the field of Green Chemistry, their therapeutic and biological relevance and new materials. Throughout its 200 pages, readers will find an updated and comprehensive review of new aspects of organoselenium chemistry and biochemistry. Fully referenced and written in an easy to read style, it offers readers a primary resource for including organoselenium derivatives in their projects. This book will be of interest to specialists, students and researchers involved in a broad range of fields, from synthetic green chemistry to medicinal chemistry and the chemistry of natural products. The connection between organoselenium compounds and green chemistry, despite having only recently emerged, is one of the subjects of this book. The first chapter highlights the use of Se-containing molecules as reagents and catalysts in new green protocols to access important organic transformations. The book provides a wealth of examples of bioactive Se-containing molecules, especially focusing on those with potential therapeutic uses. The second chapter focuses on the state of the art concerning the role of organoselenium compounds as antioxidants, GPx mimics, and derivatives endowed with different bioactive properties. “Organoselenium in nature” is the title of the third chapter, which equips readers with essential information on the main natural organoselenium compounds and where they are found. Selected aspects of the metabolism of selenium in plants and microorganisms are also discussed. In closing, the book includes a chapter dedicated to recent advances concerning the nonbonding interactions between organochalcogen compounds. This is currently a hot topic in selenium chemistry and biochemistry, and here readers will find key insights into the chalcogen bond and its role in the biological activity of organoselenium compounds.
Author: David J. Cole-Hamilton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402040863
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
This book looks at new ways of tackling the problem of separating reaction products from homogeneous catalytic solutions. The new processes involve low leaching supported catalysts, soluble supports such as polymers and dendrimers and unusual solvents such as water, fluorinated organics, ionic liquids and supercritical fluids. The advantages of the different possibilities are discussed alongside suggestions for further research that will be required for commercialisation. Unlike other books, in addition to the chemistry involved, the book looks at the process design that would be required to bring the new approaches to fruition. Comparisons are given with existing processes that have already been successfully applied and examples are given where these approaches are not suitable. The book includes: - New processes for the separation of products from solutions containing homogeneous catalysts - Catalysts on insoluble or soluble supports – fixed bed catalysts - continuous flow or ultrafiltration - Biphasic systems: water - organic, fluorous - organic, ionic liquid – organic, supercritical fluids (monophasic or biphasic with water, organic or ionic liquid) - Comparisons with current processes involving atmospheric or low temperature distillation - Consideration of Chemistry and Process Design - Advantages and disadvantages of each process exposed - Consideration of what else is need for commercialisation
