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Author: Ruben M. Serrato
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1599423634
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Laser isotope separation (LIS) is an emerging technology that uses relatively small, widely-available lasers to achieve civilian or weapons grade concentration of fissile material to fuel nuclear reactions. To date only a few, limited proliferation risk analyses of LIS technology have been conducted. This paper provides a historically and technically informed update on the current state of LIS technology and it explains the high likelihood of increased global LIS adoption. The paper also explains how international rules governing nuclear energy are ill-equipped to handle such new technology. It traces the current limitations to broader issues in international relations theory, especially the incomplete accounts of the role of technology in the proliferation dynamic in the dominant neorealism and social construction of technology approaches. The paper introduces the concept of "international technology development structure," a framework for understanding how technology-related opportunities and constraints at the international system-level influence state nuclear weapons choices. The paper provides a thorough update of recent international laser innovations relevant to laser isotope separation and it explains how the spread of laser-related knowledge expands state nuclear options and influences their choices. The paper also provides a country-by-country update on LIS programs and it uses the example of Iran's laser isotope separation program to show how existing International Atomic Energy Agency efforts and export control approaches will be inadequate to addressing dual-use technologies such as LIS. It concludes by proposing a new course that links good standing in nuclear non-proliferation agreements to participation in the World Trade Organization, global conferences, and fundamental university research. Ultimately, the paper attempts to provide a comprehensive account of how emerging laser isotope separation technology presents non-proliferation challenges and it attempts to explore options for addressing this new period in technological achievement and change.
Author: Ruben M. Serrato
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1599423634
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 137
Get Book Here
Book Description
Laser isotope separation (LIS) is an emerging technology that uses relatively small, widely-available lasers to achieve civilian or weapons grade concentration of fissile material to fuel nuclear reactions. To date only a few, limited proliferation risk analyses of LIS technology have been conducted. This paper provides a historically and technically informed update on the current state of LIS technology and it explains the high likelihood of increased global LIS adoption. The paper also explains how international rules governing nuclear energy are ill-equipped to handle such new technology. It traces the current limitations to broader issues in international relations theory, especially the incomplete accounts of the role of technology in the proliferation dynamic in the dominant neorealism and social construction of technology approaches. The paper introduces the concept of "international technology development structure," a framework for understanding how technology-related opportunities and constraints at the international system-level influence state nuclear weapons choices. The paper provides a thorough update of recent international laser innovations relevant to laser isotope separation and it explains how the spread of laser-related knowledge expands state nuclear options and influences their choices. The paper also provides a country-by-country update on LIS programs and it uses the example of Iran's laser isotope separation program to show how existing International Atomic Energy Agency efforts and export control approaches will be inadequate to addressing dual-use technologies such as LIS. It concludes by proposing a new course that links good standing in nuclear non-proliferation agreements to participation in the World Trade Organization, global conferences, and fundamental university research. Ultimately, the paper attempts to provide a comprehensive account of how emerging laser isotope separation technology presents non-proliferation challenges and it attempts to explore options for addressing this new period in technological achievement and change.
Author: P. A. Bokhan
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Written by leading Russian scientists, including Nobel laureate, A.M. Prokhorov (1916-2002), this first book on this important technology allows an understanding of the physics of atomic vapor laser isotope separation and new photochemical methods of laser isotope separation. One entire chapter is devoted to chemical reactions of atoms in excited states, while further chapters deal with the separation of isotopes by one photon isotope-selective and coherent isotope-selective two photon excitation of atoms. A final chapter looks at the prospects for the industrial production of isotope products by laser isotope separation. The whole is rounded off by six appendices. - Laser isotope separation in atomic vapors - Laser technique for isotope separation - Chemical reactions of atoms in excited states - Isotope separation by single-photon isotope-selective excitation - Coherent isotope-selective two-photon excitation of atoms - Prospects for industrial isotope production The Authors Petr A. Bokhan Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Vladimir V. Buchanov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Nikolai V. Fateev Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Mikhail M. Kalugin Scanning Laser Company, St. Petersburg, Russia Mishik A. Kazaryan P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Alexander M. Prokhorov (1916-2002) was awarded - jointly with Nikolay G. Basov of the Soviet Union and Charles H. Townes of the United States - the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1964 for fundamental research in quantum electronics. In 1954, Prokhorov became head of the Oscillation Laboratory at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute and subsequently professor at the Moscow State University. In 1983 he founded the General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and has been recipient of numerous national and international honours and awards. After his death the General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences was renamed 'A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute'. Dmitrij E. Zakrevskii Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Further titles: Brown, Thomas G., Creath, Katherine, Kogelnik, Herwig, Kriss, Michael A., Schmit, Joanna, Weber, Marvin J. (eds.) The Optics Encyclopedia Basic Foundations and Practical Applications. 5 Volumes. 2003 ISBN 3-527-40320-5
Author: Frank J. Duarte
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323139329
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
A tutorial introduction to the field of dye lasers, Dye Laser Principles also serves as an up-to-date overview for those using dye lasers as research and industrial tools. A number of the issues discussed in this book are pertinent not only to dye lasers but also to lasers in general. Most of the chapters in the book contain problem sets that expand on the material covered in the chapter. - Dye lasers are among the most versatile and successful laser sources currently available in use Offering both pulsed and continuous-wave operation and tunable from the near ultraviolet to the near infrared, these lasers are used in such diverse areas as: industrial applications, medical applications, military applications, large-scale laser isotope separation, fundamental physics, spectroscopic techniques, laser radar
Author: Charles Bradley Moore
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780125054010
Category : Lasers
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Author: Jeff W. Eerkens
Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 740
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Book Description
SPIE Milestones are collections of seminal papers from the world literature covering important discoveries and developments in optics and photonics.
Author: F.J. Duarte
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498788149
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Broadly tunable lasers continue to have a tremendous impact in many and diverse fields of science and technology. From a renaissance in laser spectroscopy to Bose-Einstein condensation, the one nexus is the tunable laser. Tunable Laser Applications describes the physics and architectures of widely applied tunable laser sources. Fully updated and ex
Author: Richard W. Solarz
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351435612
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 712
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Book Description
Bringing together scattered literature from a range of sources, Laser Spectroscopy and ItsApplications clearly elucidates the tools and concepts of this dynamic area, and providesextensive bibliographies for further study.Distinguished experts in their respective fields discuss resonance photoionization, laser absorption,laser-induced breakdown, photodissociation, Raman scattering, remote sensing,and laser-induced fluorescence. The book also incorporates an overview of the semiclassicaltheory of atomic and molecular spectra.Combining background at an intermediate level with an in-depth discussion of specifictechniques, Laser Spectroscopy and Its Applications is essential reading for laser and opticalscientists and engineers; analytical chemists; health physicists; researchers in optical,chemical, pharmaceutical, and metallurgical industries. It will also prove useful for upperlevelundergraduate and graduate students of laser spectroscopy and its applications, andin-house seminars and short courses offered by firms and professional societies.
Author: Gheorghe Vasaru
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849343223
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Tritium Isotope Separation is the first book to present a current overview of the separation processes for tritium isotopes. The book consists of two parts. Part I explores the sources of tritium and the evolution of the world's tritium inventory. Part II describes the processes and plants used for tritium isotope separation, enrichment methods for tritium for analytical purposes, methods for recovering and enriching tritium from nuclear and thermonuclear plants, and the laser method. The book in general emphasizes applications, performance, characterization, laboratory experiments, pilot plants and industrial production, reliability, and cost. An author index, subject index, list of acronyms and abbreviations, and glossary have been included to make the book an even more valuable reference. Tritium Isotope Separation will be an essential book for all nuclear energy engineers, nuclear physicists, and others working with various aspects of isotope separation science.
Author: Allan S. Krass
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 100020054X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Author: Attila Vértes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402013058
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Impressive in its overall size and scope, this five-volume reference work provides researchers with the tools to push them into the forefront of the latest research. The Handbook covers all of the chemical aspects of nuclear science starting from the physical basics and including such diverse areas as the chemistry of transactinides and exotic atoms as well as radioactive waste management and radiopharmaceutical chemistry relevant to nuclear medicine. The nuclear methods of the investigation of chemical structure also receive ample space and attention. The international team of authors consists of 77 world-renowned experts - nuclear chemists, radiopharmaceutical chemists and physicists - from Austria, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Holland, Japan, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. The Handbook is an invaluable reference for nuclear scientists, biologists, chemists, physicists, physicians practicing nuclear medicine, graduate students and teachers - virtually all who are involved in the chemical and radiopharmaceutical aspects of nuclear science. The Handbook also provides for further reading through its rich selection of references.
