Lamarckism and the Emergence of 'Scientific' Social Sciences in Nineteenth-Century Britain and France PDF Download
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Author: Snait B. Gissis
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031527569
Category : Social sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
Zusammenfassung: The book presents an original synthesizing framework on the relations between 'the biological' and 'the social'. Within these relations, the late nineteenth-century emergence of social sciences aspiring to be constituted as autonomous, as 'scientific' disciplines, is described, analyzed and explained. Through this framework, the author points to conceptual and constructive commonalities conjoining significant founding figures - Lamarck, Spencer, Hughlings Jackson, Ribot, Durkheim, Freud - who were not grouped nor analyzed in this manner before. Thus, the book offers a rather unique synthesis of the interactions of the social, the mental, and the evolutionary biological - Spencerian Lamarckism and/or Neo-Lamarckism - crystallizing into novel fields. It adds substantially to the understanding of the complexities of evolutionary debates during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It will attract the attention of a wide spectrum of specialists, academics, and postgraduates in European history of the nineteenth century, history and philosophy of science, and history of biology and of the social sciences, including psychology
Author: Snait B. Gissis
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031527569
Category : Social sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 337
Get Book Here
Book Description
Zusammenfassung: The book presents an original synthesizing framework on the relations between 'the biological' and 'the social'. Within these relations, the late nineteenth-century emergence of social sciences aspiring to be constituted as autonomous, as 'scientific' disciplines, is described, analyzed and explained. Through this framework, the author points to conceptual and constructive commonalities conjoining significant founding figures - Lamarck, Spencer, Hughlings Jackson, Ribot, Durkheim, Freud - who were not grouped nor analyzed in this manner before. Thus, the book offers a rather unique synthesis of the interactions of the social, the mental, and the evolutionary biological - Spencerian Lamarckism and/or Neo-Lamarckism - crystallizing into novel fields. It adds substantially to the understanding of the complexities of evolutionary debates during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It will attract the attention of a wide spectrum of specialists, academics, and postgraduates in European history of the nineteenth century, history and philosophy of science, and history of biology and of the social sciences, including psychology
Author: John I. Brooks
Publisher: University of Delaware Press
ISBN: 9780874136487
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
This study offers a new interpretation of the emergence of scientific psychology and sociology in late-nineteenth-century France. Focusing on their relationship with the philosophy taught in the French education system, the author shows the profound impact on the individuals most responsible for the introduction of the human sciences into the French university - particularly Theodule Ribot, Alfred Espinas, Pierre Janet, and Emile Durkheim. Philosophers helped shape the human sciences by their criticisms of conceptual and methodological problems in the emerging disciplines. The human sciences that emerged were less reductionist and more methodologically sound than they would have been without the vigorous debate with philosophy. This influence is the eclectic legacy of academic philosophy to the human sciences in France.
Author: David Cahan
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226089270
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
During the 19th century, much of the modern scientific enterprise took shape: scientific disciplines were formed, institutions and communities were founded and unprecedented applications to and interactions with other aspects of society and culture occurred. taught us about this exciting time and identify issues that remain unexamined or require reconsideration. They treat scientific disciplines - biology, physics, chemistry, the earth sciences, mathematics and the social sciences - in their specific intellectual and sociocultural contexts as well as the broader topics of science and medicine; science and religion; scientific institutions and communities; and science, technology and industry. From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences should be valuable for historians of science, but also of great interest to scholars of all aspects of 19th-century life and culture.
Author: Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physiology, Comparative
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Author: Adrian Desmond
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
ISBN: 1805112422
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
In the 1830s, decades before Darwin published the Origin of Species, a museum of evolution flourished in London. Reign of the Beast pieces together the extraordinary story of this lost working-man's institution and its enigmatic owner, the wine merchant W. D. Saull. A financial backer of the anti-clerical Richard Carlile, the ‘Devil's Chaplain’ Robert Taylor, and socialist Robert Owen, Saull outraged polite society by putting humanity’s ape ancestry on display. He weaponized his museum fossils and empowered artisans with a knowledge of deep geological time that undermined the Creationist base of the Anglican state. His geology museum, called the biggest in Britain, housed over 20,000 fossils, including famous dinosaurs. Saull was indicted for blasphemy and reviled during his lifetime. After his death in 1855, his museum was demolished and he was expunged from the collective memory. Now multi-award-winning author Adrian Desmond undertakes a thorough reading of Home Office spy reports and subversive street prints to re-establish Saull's pivotal place at the intersection of the history of geology, atheism, socialism, and working-class radicalism.
Author: Piers J. Hale
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022610852X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 451
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Book Description
Historians of science have long noted the influence of the nineteenth-century political economist Thomas Robert Malthus on Charles Darwin. In a bold move, Piers J. Hale contends that this focus on Malthus and his effect on Darwin’s evolutionary thought neglects a strong anti-Malthusian tradition in English intellectual life, one that not only predated the 1859 publication of the Origin of Species but also persisted throughout the Victorian period until World War I. Political Descent reveals that two evolutionary and political traditions developed in England in the wake of the 1832 Reform Act: one Malthusian, the other decidedly anti-Malthusian and owing much to the ideas of the French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck. These two traditions, Hale shows, developed in a context of mutual hostility, debate, and refutation. Participants disagreed not only about evolutionary processes but also on broader questions regarding the kind of creature our evolution had made us and in what kind of society we ought therefore to live. Significantly, and in spite of Darwin’s acknowledgement that natural selection was “the doctrine of Malthus, applied to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms,” both sides of the debate claimed to be the more correctly “Darwinian.” By exploring the full spectrum of scientific and political issues at stake, Political Descent offers a novel approach to the relationship between evolution and political thought in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1312
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Book Description
Author: W. F. Bynum
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521525176
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
Essays on the career of William Hunter, physician, obstetrician, medical educator and man of culture.
Author: Mark Bevir
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107166683
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
This book studies the rise and nature of historicist approaches to life, race, character, language, political economy, and empire. Arguing that Victorians understood life and society as developing historically in a way that made history central to public culture, it will appeal to those interested in Victorian Britain, historiography, and intellectual history.
Author: Frederick Sproull
Publisher: Page Publishing Inc
ISBN: 1635686024
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
Evolution is a scientific theory asserting that species of organisms are capable of changing through time into different species. Present day species are thought to share common ancestors and genetic continuity with species that lived in the past. Evolution replaced an ancient view that species are basically static over time, not capable of significant change. Although Darwin was not the first to propose evolutionary views, he initiated a rapid paradigm shift. Within twelve years after publication of his On Origin of the Species in 1859, evolution became the predominant explanation by most mainstream Western intellectuals for how living organisms got here. Many scholars believe that evolution, in any recognizable form, only emerged in the eighteenth century associated with a broader philosophy of progress, and it continued to be strongly associated with that philosophy and ideology until the middle of the twentieth century. Even today, remnants of that association still survive. Evolution has always been culturally and ideologically linked. This linkage is so strong that evolution has been used in this work as a model to make a point that science is a social enterprise directly influenced by its cultural milieu. Such analysis rejects the more popular view that science is, or can be, merely a dispassionate search for the truth, detached from any cultural norm or ideology. Evolution has always had wide-ranging implications; it is an idea that reverberates far beyond science. One reason for this is that it removes humans and other living organisms from the status of being directly and specially created by God. Increasingly since Darwin, evolution explains the history of life in a materialistic way, freeing biology from theological constraints on the important question of how species got here. By detaching biology from the supernatural, evolution allowed biology to become modern science. Evolution also acts as one of the few unifying concepts in biology, bringing biology’s many desperate areas together into a cohesive scientific discipline. Recent developments in science and technology, many in the area of molecular biology, have resulted in the emergence of a new understanding of evolutionary mechanisms and they are providing deeper insight into the unity of living organisms and how biological novelty emerges. As incredible as these advances are, they have not silenced the religious debates that have historically been associated with evolution. These debates have continued into the twenty-first century. However, evolution is not necessarily at odds with religion. At least since Darwin, mainstream religions in the West have accommodated at least some form of it. This work attempts to place twenty-first century evolution into a historical and ideological context. New scientific ideas and discoveries that have shaped, and are shaping, evolution are discussed within this framework. Also discussed are how these discoveries are transforming, contradicting, and reshaping traditional Darwinism and new synthesis evolutionary thought.
