Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproductive Biology PDF Download
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Author: Alexander S. Kauffman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461461995
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
Kisspeptin has been shown to be both necessary and sufficient for activation of the reproductive axis, during puberty and later in adulthood. This makes kisspeptin a fundamental component of the reproductive axis. Kisspeptin has been deemed the single most potent stimulator of GnRH neurons yet known. The importance of kisspeptin has been documented in humans as well as non-human animal models, ranging from monkeys, sheep, and rodents to numerous fish species, thus signifying a highly conserved nature of its reproductive function. Importantly, kisspeptin neurons seem to mediate many of the regulatory effects of other signals, whether they are metabolic, circadian, hormonal, or stress. This places kisspeptin neurons in a unique position to be key nodal points and conduits for conveying numerous endogenous and exogenous signals to the reproductive axis.
Author: Alexander S. Kauffman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461461995
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
Kisspeptin has been shown to be both necessary and sufficient for activation of the reproductive axis, during puberty and later in adulthood. This makes kisspeptin a fundamental component of the reproductive axis. Kisspeptin has been deemed the single most potent stimulator of GnRH neurons yet known. The importance of kisspeptin has been documented in humans as well as non-human animal models, ranging from monkeys, sheep, and rodents to numerous fish species, thus signifying a highly conserved nature of its reproductive function. Importantly, kisspeptin neurons seem to mediate many of the regulatory effects of other signals, whether they are metabolic, circadian, hormonal, or stress. This places kisspeptin neurons in a unique position to be key nodal points and conduits for conveying numerous endogenous and exogenous signals to the reproductive axis.
![The Role of Estrogen Receptor [alpha] in Kisspeptin Cells in the Regulation of Female Reproductive Physiology PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/EGaF0AEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Reproduction is a complex biological process that is regulated by steroid hormone-mediated feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In female mammals, changes in the amount of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from the hypothalamus mediate pubertal development and fertility in adulthood. The steroid hormone 17[beta]-estradiol (E2), which is produced by the ovaries, is a primary regulator of GnRH release. E2 exerts both inhibitory and stimulatory actions on GnRH release through its actions on estrogen receptor [alpha] (ER[alpha]). Since GnRH neurons do not express ER[alpha], E2 acts on ER[alpha]-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus upstream of GnRH neurons to control GnRH secretion. The neuropeptide kisspeptin stimulates GnRH secretion and is expressed in the hypothalamus. E2 regulates kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus through ER[alpha] signaling pathways in rodents, suggesting that kisspeptin neurons mediate E2's effects on GnRH, and ultimately luteinizing hormone (LH), secretion. To examine the role of ER[alpha] in kisspeptin neurons in female reproductive physiology, I used a mouse model in which ER[alpha] is deleted specifically from kisspeptin cells (KER[alpha]KO mice). My results demonstrate that ER[alpha] in kisspeptin neurons is required for the regulation of kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus. In addition, these receptors are required for evoking GnRH/LH surges that ultimately induce ovulation. However, while these receptors are required for negative feedback suppression of GnRH/LH secretion in prepubertal animals, they are not required for the suppression of GnRH/LH secretion in adult animals. These findings suggest a maturation of mechanisms that mediate E2's negative feedback effects on GnRH secretion over the lifetime of the female rodent. I also used the KER[alpha]KO mouse model to examine the requirement of ER[alpha] in kisspeptin neurons in E2-mediated control of prolactin secretion. Prolactin is a polypeptide that plays an important role in many biological processes, including reproduction. My results demonstrate that E2 acts through mechanisms independent of ER[alpha] in kisspeptin neurons to regulate prolactin secretion in female mice. Taken together, the experiments performed in this dissertation provide critical insight in to the role of ER[alpha] in kisspeptin neurons in female reproductive physiology and help to further define the neural pathways that mediate GnRH and gonadotropin release.
Author: Susan Wray
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030400026
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
In this book, experts in the field discuss the latest research in developmental neuroendocrinology. Given that the hypothalamus is the center of neuroendocrine activity, the reader will learn about the molecular specification of hypothalamic cells, developmental modulators and epigenetic factors influencing hypothalamic development, and the development of neuroendocrine circuits. Each chapter provides a concise review of the current and future perspectives in developmental neuroendocrinology. Important insights into state-of-the-art techniques applied to functional circuit tracking, lineage tracing of hypothalamic cells, and the identification of genes altered through epigenetic mechanisms are also provided. Given its scope, the book will appeal to all students and researchers who are eager to understand the processes involved in hypothalamus development and the establishment of neuroendocrine circuits. This is the ninth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series* that aims to illustrate highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology. *Volumes 1-7 published by Wiley.
Author: Eliezer Girsh
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110889464X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
Personnel working in assisted reproductive technology often lack the opportunities for dedicated training in the specialized techniques and technologies required for the procedures. As such, success in the form of live birth rates can range from over 50% to less than 10% per treatment cycle. This comprehensive introductory textbook is an essential resource for trainee embryologists, medical students and nurses. The recent revolutions in biotechnology and molecular biology involved in delivering assisted reproductive services are thoroughly discussed. Basic knowledge such as the development and physiology of both male and female reproductive systems is covered, with practical aspects of IVF including gamete and embryo manipulation, cryopreservation and genetic testing explained in detail. A full description of the optimal structure and management of the IVF laboratory is given, helping ensure procedures are safe and effective. Extensive and highly detailed colour illustrations bring the content to life and aids readers in their understanding.
Author: Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012819801X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Cellular Endocrinology in Health and Disease, Second Edition, describes the underlying basis of endocrine function, providing an important tool to understand the fundamentals of endocrine diseases. Delivering a comprehensive review of the basic science of endocrinology, from cell biology to human disease, this work explores and dissects the function of a number of cellular systems. The new edition provides an understanding of how endocrine glands function by integrating information resulting in biological effects on both local and systemic levels, also providing new information on the molecular physiopathogenesis of endocrine neoplasic cells. The new edition expands the most used chapters from the first edition and proposes a series of substitutions and additions to the table of contents. New chapters cover signaling, brown adipose tissue, hypothalamic cell models, cellular basis of insulin resistance, genetics and epigenetics of neuroendocrine tumors, and a series of chapters on endocrine-related cancer. Providing content that crosses disciplines, Cellular Endocrinology in Health and Disease, Second Edition, details how cellular endocrine function contributes to system physiology and mediates endocrine disorders. A methods section proves novel and useful approaches across research focus that will be attractive to medical students, residents, and specialists in the field of endocrinology, as well as to those interested in cellular regulation. Editors Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre and Ya-Xiong Tao, experts in molecular and cellular aspects of endocrinology, deliver contributions carefully selected for relevance, impact, and clarity of expression from leading field experts Explores endocrine cells biology in normal and pathologic conditions Covers new aspects of endocrine cell function in distinct tissues Provides a view into the biological effect in local and systemic levels 15 new chapters covering the recent developments in the field
Author: Wei-Hua Wang
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839628243
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples of reproductive age. High live birth rates rely on many advanced technologies in infertility treatment, including more accurate clinical diagnosis and patient management as well as state-of-the-art in vitro fertilization (IVF) technologies. This book discusses infertility and infertility treatments such as embryo implantation, non-invasive preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGT), oocyte cryopreservation, cryopreservation of small numbers of sperm, and embryo culture technologies. It delivers new information and data valuable to clinicians, embryologists, and others in infertility treatment.
Author: Ernst Knobil
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 9780125154017
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1780
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Book Description
The 3rd edition, the first new one in ten years, includes coverage of molecular levels of detail arising from the last decade's explosion of information at this level of organismic organization. There are 5 new Associate Editors and about 2/3 of the chapters have new authors. Chapters prepared by return authors are extensively revised. Several new chapters have been added on the topic of pregnancy, reflecting the vigorous investigation of this topic during the last decade.The information covered includes both human and experimental animals; basic principels are sought, and information at the organismic and molecular levels are presented. *The leading comprehensive work on the physiology of reproduction*Edited and authored by the world's leading scientists in the field*Is a synthesis of the molecular, cellular, and organismic levels of organization*Bibliogrpahics of chapters are extensive and cover all the relevant literature
Author: Norman T. Adler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468438816
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 571
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Book Description
The subject of this book is neuroendocrinology, that branch of biological science devoted to the interactions between the two major integrative organ systems of animals-the endocrine and nervous systems. Although this science today reflects a fusion of endocrinology and neurobiology, this synthetic ap proach is relatively recent. At the beginning of the 20th century, when the British physiologists, Bayliss and Starling, first proposed endocrinology to be an independent field of inquiry, they went to great lengths to establish the autonomy of chemical secretions in general and their independence from nervous control in particular (Bayliss, W. M. , and Starling, E. H. , 1902, The mechanism of pancreatic secretion,]. Physiol. 28:325). They argued with Pav lov, who said that there was a strong influence of the nervous system on the gastrointestinal phenomena the endocrinologists were studying. For several decades, the English physiologists prevailed, at least in the West; and Pavlov's critique was not taken to heart by the practitioners of the newly emerging discipline of endocrinology. Through the work of Harris, the Scharrers, Sawyer, Everett, and others, there has been something of a scientific detente in the latter half of this century; the hybrid field of neuroendocrinology is now regarded as one of the corner stones of modern neural science and is of fundamental importance in basic and clinical endocrinology.
Author: P.H. Vogt
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318060984
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
Infertility affects more than one in ten couples worldwide and is related to highly heterogeneous pathologies sometimes only discernible in the germ line. Its complex etiology often, but not always, includes genetic factors besides anatomical defects, immunological interference, and environmental aspects. Nearly 30% of infertility cases are probably caused only by genetic defects. Thereby experimental animal knockout models convincingly show that infertility can be caused by single or multiple gene defects. Translating those basic research findings into clinical studies is challenging, leaving genetic causes for the vast majority of infertility patients unexplained. Nevertheless, a large number of candidate genes have been revealed by sophisticated molecular methods. This book provides a comprehensive overview on the subject of infertility written by the leading authorities in this field. It covers topics including basic biological, cytological, and molecular studies, as well as common and uncommon syndromes. It is a must-read for human geneticists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, zoologists, and counsellors in human genetics, infertility, and assisted reproduction.
Author: Kevin Coward
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110727625X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
The success of Assisted Reproductive Technology is critically dependent upon the use of well optimized protocols, based upon sound scientific reasoning, empirical observations and evidence of clinical efficacy. Recently, the treatment of infertility has experienced a revolution, with the routine adoption of increasingly specialized molecular biological techniques and advanced methods for the manipulation of gametes and embryos. This textbook – inspired by the postgraduate degree program at the University of Oxford – guides students through the multidisciplinary syllabus essential to ART laboratory practice, from basic culture techniques and micromanipulation to laboratory management and quality assurance, and from endocrinology to molecular biology and research methods. Written for all levels of IVF practitioners, reproductive biologists and technologists involved in human reproductive science, it can be used as a reference manual for all IVF labs and as a textbook by undergraduates, advanced students, scientists and professionals involved in gamete, embryo or stem cell biology.
