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Author: Sumit Sahkar
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781631179129
Category : Kainic acid
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Kainic acid is a naturally occurring amino acid that is isolated from red algae and is known to cause amnesic shellfish poisoning via the activation of AMPA and kainate receptors in the hippocampus. Kainic acid is an analogue of glutamate and can modulate the transmission of glutamate. It's neurotoxic potency has been shown to be 30 fold that of glutamate. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that exerts its postsynaptic effects through ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Of the ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs), kainic acid has a high affinity for 5 subtypes (KA1 and KA2, GluR5, GluR6, GluR7). Kainate receptors play a significant role in the physiological functioning and activity of numerous systems in the brain. This book discusses the neurotoxic properties of kainic acid, as well as the biological sources and clinical applications.
Author: Sumit Sahkar
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781631179129
Category : Kainic acid
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Kainic acid is a naturally occurring amino acid that is isolated from red algae and is known to cause amnesic shellfish poisoning via the activation of AMPA and kainate receptors in the hippocampus. Kainic acid is an analogue of glutamate and can modulate the transmission of glutamate. It's neurotoxic potency has been shown to be 30 fold that of glutamate. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that exerts its postsynaptic effects through ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Of the ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs), kainic acid has a high affinity for 5 subtypes (KA1 and KA2, GluR5, GluR6, GluR7). Kainate receptors play a significant role in the physiological functioning and activity of numerous systems in the brain. This book discusses the neurotoxic properties of kainic acid, as well as the biological sources and clinical applications.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123739616
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1853
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Book Description
As a truly translational area of biomedical investigation, epilepsy research spans an extraordinary breadth of subjects and involves virtually every tool that modern neuroscience has at its disposal. The Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research provides an up to date, comprehensive reference for all epilepsy researchers. With an expert list of authors, the encyclopedia covers the full spectrum of research activities from genes and molecules to animal models and human patients. The encyclopedia's electronic format also provides unparalleled access to frequent updates and additions, while the limited edition print version provides another option for owning this content. The Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research is an essential resource for researchers of all levels and clinicians who study epilepsy. The only comprehensive reference for basic research and current activities in epilepsy Electronic format provides fast and easy access to updates and additions, with limited print version available as well Contains over 85 articles, all written by experts in epilepsy research
Author: Edith G. McGeer
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: Elisabeth Leone
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781631179136
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Kainic acid is a naturally occurring amino acid that is isolated from red algae and is known to cause amnesic shellfish poisoning via the activation of AMPA and kainate receptors in the hippocampus. Kainic acid is an analogue of glutamate and can modulate the transmission of glutamate. It's neurotoxic potency has been shown to be 30 fold that of glutamate. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that exerts its postsynaptic effects through ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Of the ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs), kainic acid has a high affinity for 5 subtypes (KA1 and KA2, GluR5, GluR6, GluR7). Kainate receptors play a significant role in the physiological functioning and activity of numerous systems in the brain. This book discusses the neurotoxic properties of kainic acid, as well as the biological sources and clinical applications.
Author: Asla Pitkänen
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012804067X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1180
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Book Description
Models of Seizures and Epilepsy, Second Edition, is a valuable, practical reference for investigators who are searching for the most appropriate laboratory models to address key questions in the field. The book also provides an important background for physicians, fellows, and students, offering insight into the potential for advances in epilepsy research as well as R&D drug development. Contents include the current spectrum of models available to model different epilepsy syndromes, epilepsy in transgenic animals, comorbidities in models of epilepsy, and novel technologies to study seizures and epilepsies in animals. Provides a comprehensive reference detailing animal models of epilepsy and seizure Offers insights on the use of novel technologies that can be applied in experimental epilepsy research Edited by leading experts in the field that provide not only technical reviews of these models but also conceptual critiques Comments on the strengths and limitations of various models, including their relationship to clinical phenomenology and their value in developing better understanding and treatments
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309212219
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.
Author: Jeffrey Noebels
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0199746540
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1258
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Book Description
Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Author: Jianhui Lu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Kainic acid
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
Author: Shaobo Xu
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361308035
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "Studies Towards Syntheses of Kainic Acid" by Shaobo, Xu, 许少波, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Kainoid amino acids are a family of none proteinogenic pyrrolidine dicarboxylic acids with similar structures and can be viewed as conformationally restricted analogues of the mammalian neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid. As the parent structure of the kainoid amino acid family, (-)-kainic acid has attracted tremendous attention because of its neuroexcitatory properties in neuropharmacology to mimic the disease states of epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's chorea. In this thesis, a formal synthesis of ()-kainic acid has been achieved, via a Lewis acid-catalyzed carbonyl ene cyclization as the key step, from simple starting materials 3.1 (Scheme 1). In the key step, quantitative yield of cyclization was achieved by utilizing 0.3 equivalents of Gd(OTf)3 as the catalyst in anhydrous DCM, yielding key intermediate 3.25. Moreover, the Lewis acid-catalyzed enantioselective carbonyl ene cyclization of α-keto amides (Scheme 2) represents a powerful method for the preparation of substituted pyrrolidinones. [Cu(S, S)-phenyl](SbF6)2 was found to be the most efficient chiral Lewis acid, and high yields, excellent enantioselectivity were obtained in the products. The substrate scope, reaction mechanism, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity of the reaction have also been systematically investigated by both experimental and computational chemistry approaches. Finally, a formal synthesis of (-)-kainic acid have been accomplished via Lewis acid-promoted PhSe group transfer radical cyclization as key the step (Scheme 3). (-)-8-Phenylmenthol was employed as a chiral auxiliary in cyclization precursor 5.13 to control the diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity of the radical cyclization. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4979941 Subjects: Kainic acid - Synthesis
Author: Antoine Depaulis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461533023
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
This book constitutes the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at Chateau de Bonas (France) from 10-15 July 1990 on the Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Matter (PAG). The aim of this meeting was to review and integrate our knowledge about the functional, anatomical and neuro chemical organization of the PAG. The PAG has been the subject of many investi gations during the last decade usually on different topics (e.g., pain modulation, defensive and sexual behavior) and generally there has been little interchange between the different research areas. The main purpose of this meeting was to bring together, for the first time, scientists who have worked on the PAG from different perspectives. This book does not pretend to present an exhaustive review of the data collected during the last 20 years of research on the PAG. The contributors to this book have been selected because their data provide key elements in the search to understand both the organization of the PAG and the role of this structure in the integration of behavior. We believe that this book will provide clues that will assist in unraveling the organization of the PAG in the coming years.
