Iraq against the United States of America: a proposal of a judgment of the International Court of Justice (events of 2003) PDF Download
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Author: Andreas Lorek
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638586901
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1,3, University of Poznan, course: International Judicial System, language: English, abstract: “The International Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations [is] the principal judicial organ of the Unirted Nations”is laid down in article 1 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The ICJ consists of 15 international judges of high moral character who are elected by the General Assembly (GA) and the Security Council of the United Nations (UNSC). It is not permitted to have two judges of the same nationality in the Court. Judges are elected for nine years, re-election for another period is possible. Every three years elections will be held in which five judges are chosen. If the bench of judges does not include one with the nationality of a state of the dispute, this state can appoint a person to sit ad hoc for this case. The seat of the ICJ is at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, nevertheless it is possible to exercise its functions elsewhere. The ICJ has two main functions: it has to settle legal disputes submitted to the Court in accordance with international law and secondly it has to give advisory opinions on legal questions (ICJ 2005a). Only states can be parties in front of the ICJ. It is open to all states that have ratified the Statute, conditions for other states can be made by the UNSC. Article 36 of the Statute of the ICJ makes clear that“the jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations”.All Members of the UN are as well parties to the ICJ, as laid down in Article 93 of the Charter of the United Nations (UN). A dispute could be brought to the attention of the ICJ by any member of the UN (Charter of the UN: Article 35.1) or a party to the dispute (Charter of the UN: Article 35.2). The UNSC is like the ICJ a principal body of the UN. These two bodies often have to act in correlation, a complete separation of powers does not exist. Their functions are complementary (cp. Skubiszewski 1996). States have the opportunity to accept the jurisdiction of the ICJ generally in respect of all occurring disputes or only particular ones. A general acceptance of the ICJ needs a declaration from a state which is party to the present Statute (Statute of the ICJ: Article 36.2).
Author: Andreas Lorek
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638586901
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1,3, University of Poznan, course: International Judicial System, language: English, abstract: “The International Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations [is] the principal judicial organ of the Unirted Nations”is laid down in article 1 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The ICJ consists of 15 international judges of high moral character who are elected by the General Assembly (GA) and the Security Council of the United Nations (UNSC). It is not permitted to have two judges of the same nationality in the Court. Judges are elected for nine years, re-election for another period is possible. Every three years elections will be held in which five judges are chosen. If the bench of judges does not include one with the nationality of a state of the dispute, this state can appoint a person to sit ad hoc for this case. The seat of the ICJ is at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, nevertheless it is possible to exercise its functions elsewhere. The ICJ has two main functions: it has to settle legal disputes submitted to the Court in accordance with international law and secondly it has to give advisory opinions on legal questions (ICJ 2005a). Only states can be parties in front of the ICJ. It is open to all states that have ratified the Statute, conditions for other states can be made by the UNSC. Article 36 of the Statute of the ICJ makes clear that“the jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations”.All Members of the UN are as well parties to the ICJ, as laid down in Article 93 of the Charter of the United Nations (UN). A dispute could be brought to the attention of the ICJ by any member of the UN (Charter of the UN: Article 35.1) or a party to the dispute (Charter of the UN: Article 35.2). The UNSC is like the ICJ a principal body of the UN. These two bodies often have to act in correlation, a complete separation of powers does not exist. Their functions are complementary (cp. Skubiszewski 1996). States have the opportunity to accept the jurisdiction of the ICJ generally in respect of all occurring disputes or only particular ones. A general acceptance of the ICJ needs a declaration from a state which is party to the present Statute (Statute of the ICJ: Article 36.2).
Author: Elzbieta Szumanska
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640192931
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 1,0, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), course: International Judicial System, 64 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In order to understand the "Second Iraq War", to follow argumentation of both sides and to deliver an appropriate judgment, firstly it is necessary to prove historical facts that have shaped given situation. Saddam Hussein came formally to power in July 1979 as a President and Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. Hussein had the absolute power in Iraq and His control of the military and all state institutions was beyond question. Under his leadership Iraq has never been a democratic, peaceful state: systematically violated laws and human rights, mass killings, tortures and political imprisonment led to a crisis which has become a subject of the dispute on international stage till nowadays. One of the conflicts, Hussein was involved in, was the war with Iran 1980-1988 for the control over the waterway Shatt al-Arab. This warfare has grown from a much wider background: Kurdish and Shiites problem, religious conflict, personal enmity between Hussein and Ayatollah Komeini and Iraq's gain to replace Iran's leading position in the Arab world. As a result of the conflict, where chemical and biological weapons were used, died and were wounded hundreds thousands of people The next aggressive step of Hussein's government was the invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 behind an accusation that the state is stealing oil from Rumailah Fields and establishes military bases within the Iraqi territory. An immediate reaction on the attack resulted in international1 demanding of withdrawal of the Iraqi army from Kuwait by issuing several resolutions2 against Iraq. When Saddam Hussein refused to fulfill their obligations the United Nations Security Council put economic sanctions on Iraq (THE SC RESOLUTION 661). In
Author: Philip Shiner
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1847314589
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
The decision by the US and UK governments to use military force against Iraq in 2003 and the subsequent occupation and administration of that State, has brought into sharp focus fundamental fault lines in international law. The decision to invade, the conduct of the war and occupation and the mechanisms used to administer the country all challenge the international legal community placing it at a crossroads. When can the use of force be justified? What are the limits of military operations? What strength does international criminal law possess in the face of such interventions? How effective is the international regime of human rights in these circumstances? What role does domestic law have to play? How the law now responds and develops in the light of these matters will be of fundamental global importance for the 21st century and an issue of considerable political and legal concern. This book explores this legal territory by examining a number of issues fundamental to the future direction of international law in the War's aftermath. Consideration is also given to the impact on UK law. Both practical and academic perspectives are taken in order to scrutinise key questions and consider the possible trajectories that international law might now follow.
Author: Bruce R. Pirnie
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 0833045849
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
Examines the deleterious effects of the U.S. failure to focus on protecting the Iraqi population for most of the military campaign in Iraq and analyzes the failure of a technologically driven counterinsurgency (COIN) approach. It outlines strategic considerations relative to COIN; presents an overview of the conflict in Iraq; describes implications for future operations; and offers recommendations to improve the U.S. capability to conduct COIN.
Author: Iraq Study Group (U.S.)
Publisher: Vintage
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Presents the findings of the bipartisan Iraq Study Group, which was formed in 2006 to examine the situation in Iraq and offer suggestions for the American military's future involvement in the region.
Author: Robert Perito
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Internal security
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Author: Raymond W. Copson
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781590338339
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
This book provides information and analysis with respect to the 2003 war with Iraq, reviews a number of war-related issues, and provides links to additional sources of information. Contents: Introduction; US Policy: The Administration; Congressional Action; Issues fir Congress: Military Issues; Diplomatic Issues; Weapons of Mass Destruction Issues; Post-War Governance Issues; Burden Sharing; Implications for the Middle East; Humanitarian Issues; Humanitarian Assistance: Relief Operations; Post-War Relief Priorities; International and Domestic Legal Issues Relating to the Use of Force; Cost Issues; Oil Supply Issues; Information Resources; Index.
Author: Mauro Politi
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135121828X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court entered into force in 2002 and the ICC will soon be fully operational. Earlier in the ICC process, an international conference was held in Trento to address a specific issue that is still unresolved in the post-Rome negotiations: the crime of aggression. Article 5 of the ICC Statute includes aggression, yet the Statute postpones the exercise of its jurisdiction over the crime of aggression until such time as further provisions have been prepared on the definition of this crime and on the related conditions for the Court's intervention. This important volume collects the papers given by the participants at the Trento Conference. The volume is divided into three parts: the historical background of the crime of aggression; the definition of the crime of aggression, in light of proposals in the Preparatory Commission; and various points of view on the relationship between the Court's competence in adjudicating cases of alleged crimes of aggression and the Security Council's competence.
Author: Senate Select Committee On Intelligence
Publisher: Melville House
ISBN: 1612198473
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 672
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Book Description
The study edition of book the Los Angeles Times called, "The most extensive review of U.S. intelligence-gathering tactics in generations." This is the complete Executive Summary of the Senate Intelligence Committee's investigation into the CIA's interrogation and detention programs -- a.k.a., The Torture Report. Based on over six million pages of secret CIA documents, the report details a covert program of secret prisons, prisoner deaths, interrogation practices, and cooperation with other foreign and domestic agencies, as well as the CIA's efforts to hide the details of the program from the White House, the Department of Justice, the Congress, and the American people. Over five years in the making, it is presented here exactly as redacted and released by the United States government on December 9, 2014, with an introduction by Daniel J. Jones, who led the Senate investigation. This special edition includes: • Large, easy-to-read format. • Almost 3,000 notes formatted as footnotes, exactly as they appeared in the original report. This allows readers to see obscured or clarifying details as they read the main text. • An introduction by Senate staffer Daniel J. Jones who led the investigation and wrote the report for the Senate Intelligence Committee, and a forward by the head of that committee, Senator Dianne Feinstein.
Author: U. S. Customs and Border Protection
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781304100061
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
