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Author: William Corning
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468430068
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Since the publication of the second volume of Comparative Psychology by Warden, Warner, and Jenkins (1940), there has not been a comprehensive review of invertebrate learning capacities. Some high-quality reviews have appeared in various journals, texts, and symposia, but they have been, of necessity, incomplete and selective either in terms of the phyla covered or the phenomena which were reviewed. Although this lack has served as a stimulus for the present series, the primary justification is to be found in the resurgence of theoretical and empirical interests in learning capacities and mechanisms in simpler systems of widely different phylogenetic origin. Intensive research on the physiological basis of learning and memory clearly entails exploration of the correlations between levels of nervous system organization and be havioral plasticity. Furthermore, the presence of structural-functional differ entiation in ganglionated systems, the existence of giant, easily identifiable cells, and the reduced complexity of structure and behavior repertoires are among the advantages of the "simple systems" strategy which have caused many neuroscientists to abandon their cats, rats, and monkeys in favor of mollusks, leeches, planaria, crayfish, protozoa, and other invertebrate preparations. Behavioral research continues to reveal remarkable capacities in these simple organisms and encourages us to believe that the confluence of the invertebrate learning data with the more voluminous vertebrate litera ture will contribute substantially to the enrichment of all of the neurobe havioral sciences.
Author: William Corning
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468430068
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Since the publication of the second volume of Comparative Psychology by Warden, Warner, and Jenkins (1940), there has not been a comprehensive review of invertebrate learning capacities. Some high-quality reviews have appeared in various journals, texts, and symposia, but they have been, of necessity, incomplete and selective either in terms of the phyla covered or the phenomena which were reviewed. Although this lack has served as a stimulus for the present series, the primary justification is to be found in the resurgence of theoretical and empirical interests in learning capacities and mechanisms in simpler systems of widely different phylogenetic origin. Intensive research on the physiological basis of learning and memory clearly entails exploration of the correlations between levels of nervous system organization and be havioral plasticity. Furthermore, the presence of structural-functional differ entiation in ganglionated systems, the existence of giant, easily identifiable cells, and the reduced complexity of structure and behavior repertoires are among the advantages of the "simple systems" strategy which have caused many neuroscientists to abandon their cats, rats, and monkeys in favor of mollusks, leeches, planaria, crayfish, protozoa, and other invertebrate preparations. Behavioral research continues to reveal remarkable capacities in these simple organisms and encourages us to believe that the confluence of the invertebrate learning data with the more voluminous vertebrate litera ture will contribute substantially to the enrichment of all of the neurobe havioral sciences.
Author: Arthur Owen Dennis Willows
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Volume 2.
Author: W. C. Corning
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468430122
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
Author: Randolf Menzel
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012398260X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 603
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Book Description
Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory. Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning. - Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations - Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity - Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available - Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Author: Binyamin Hochner
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128071729
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
Cephalopod mollusks such as octopus, cuttlefish, and squid (coleoids) are of special interest for studying the evolution and function of learning and memory mechanisms at the system level. They are believed to have the most advanced cognitive behaviors of all invertebrates, rivaling the abilities of many vertebrates. The phylum Mollusca shows the most diversified range of behavioral complexity among the invertebrates, with behavioral complexity correlating roughly with the size of the nervous system (a few thousand vs. half a billion neurons) and its morphological organization (centralized vs. distributed). The mollusks therefore provide an excellent opportunity for assessing conservation and convergent processes in the evolution and development of learning and memory systems subserving complex behaviors. The pioneering work of J. Z. Young, M. J. Wells, and colleagues confirmed that a specific structure in the brain of the modern cephalopods, the vertical lobe, is involved in their highly sophisticated behaviors. This chapter summarizes recent neurophysiological research in the octopus and cuttlefish vertical lobe system that, for the first time, allows a functional and computational approach to the evolution of learning and memory systems.
Author: Hiroyuki Sasakura
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128071591
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Thermotaxis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a suitable behavior for the study of neural plasticity. The simple neural circuit for thermotaxis provides the guideline for information processing. Recently developed techniques for optically manipulating neuronal activity and neural imaging have facilitated the dissection of such neural processing. Thermosensory neurons remember sensed temperatures. Part of highly sophisticated and complicated information flow between sensory neurons and interneurons has also been revealed. Recent finding have revealed that evolutionally conserved molecules such as insulin, monoamines, and neuropeptides are required for the plasticity. We propose the functional analogy between the thermotaxis neural circuit and human brain structure, which may help elucidation of the in-depth circuit operation of human brain.
Author: Martin Giurfa
Publisher: Frontiers Open Access E-books
ISBN: 2889190005
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
Author: Nigel R. Franks
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128071885
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
We consider issues of social learning in insect societies. Specifically, we review two controversial cases: (1) teaching during tandem running in the rock ant Temnothorax albipennis and (2) colony-level learning during repeated emigrations in the same species. We have selected these examples for several reasons. First, we wish to highlight the value of using insects as model systems for studying social learning in general. Second, these cases serve as an antidote to the notion that social learning requires theories of mind. Third, social insects provide ideal experimental systems for the rigorous examination of the causes and consequences of social learning. We believe our findings and conclusions are important to those interested in social learning in humans, other vertebrates, and invertebrates because they may suggest that in these systems too social learning can occur in the absence of theories of mind.
Author: Barbara Webb
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128071567
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
A robot that senses and interacts autonomously with the real world can be used to embody specific hypotheses about the mechanisms of learning in invertebrates. Several models of olfactory learning circuits in the mushroom body of flies have been proposed. To use this to control a robot, it is crucial to understand not only when and how changes in synaptic strength occur but also how those synaptic changes fit within a circuit that produces ongoing behavior. Considering this problem from a robotic perspective reveals some conflicting assumptions made in current research that need to be resolved.
Author: Terry Crow
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128071672
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
Cellular studies of associative learning indicate that changes in synaptic strength and intrinsic enhanced cellular excitability are basic mechanisms supporting the formation and expression of memory within the nervous system. An analysis of the Pavlovian conditioned CR complex in Hermissenda has led to the identification of molecular mechanisms contributing to the acquisition of short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term memory. Cellular and synaptic changes have been examined at multiple loci within the neural network supporting the generation of the CR complex. The neural circuitry supporting the expression of the conditioned responses has been identified, and this provides for the opportunity to understand how cellular and molecular modifications at different loci within a neural circuit can reconfigure the network to express learned behavior.
