Intra- and Interspecific Interference Between Sweet Corn (Zea Mays L.) and a Living Mulch of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) PDF Download
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Author: Albert J. Fischer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mulching
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Living mulches are vegetative covers that can grow in association with row crops and may prevent soil erosion and suppress weeds. Crop reduction from association with the living mulch is a frequent problem with this cultural practice. The interference between a white clover (Trifolium repens L. "New Zealand") living mulch and sweet corn (Zea mays L. "Golden Jubilee") was studied using an established clover sward, that was mowed and then sprayed with 1 to 1.5 kg al/ha of atrazine [6_chloro__ethyl--(1-methylethyl) 1,3,5,triazine-2,4-diamine]. Corn, at different densities and planting arrangements, was planted into a 10-to 15-cm-wide band tilled in the clover. Replacement-series experiments and systematic density experiments also were conducted in this study. The experiments were irrigated. Interference by clover reduced corn yields. However, when corn row width was reduced from 76 cm to 38 cm, intraspecific interference among corn plants was reduced, and corn plants became more productive and clover suppressive. Corn and clover competed for the same resources (mainly for light) when grown in mixture for 35 days after corn emergence. Clover appeared to be the superior competitor. However, the two species partially avoided competition. Nitrogen concentration in corn tissue (48 days after planting) was reduced when the corn was grown with clover, whereas the concentrations of P, K, and S were not altered by the presence of the legume. Twenty-four days after spraying clover with atrazine, up to 3]. kg N/ha had been released into the soil from the clover. Thirty-four days later, the N concentration in soil of sprayed and unsprayed plots was the same. Soil moisture (20 cm depth) was not affected by the presence of the clover mulch.
Author: Albert J. Fischer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mulching
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Living mulches are vegetative covers that can grow in association with row crops and may prevent soil erosion and suppress weeds. Crop reduction from association with the living mulch is a frequent problem with this cultural practice. The interference between a white clover (Trifolium repens L. "New Zealand") living mulch and sweet corn (Zea mays L. "Golden Jubilee") was studied using an established clover sward, that was mowed and then sprayed with 1 to 1.5 kg al/ha of atrazine [6_chloro__ethyl--(1-methylethyl) 1,3,5,triazine-2,4-diamine]. Corn, at different densities and planting arrangements, was planted into a 10-to 15-cm-wide band tilled in the clover. Replacement-series experiments and systematic density experiments also were conducted in this study. The experiments were irrigated. Interference by clover reduced corn yields. However, when corn row width was reduced from 76 cm to 38 cm, intraspecific interference among corn plants was reduced, and corn plants became more productive and clover suppressive. Corn and clover competed for the same resources (mainly for light) when grown in mixture for 35 days after corn emergence. Clover appeared to be the superior competitor. However, the two species partially avoided competition. Nitrogen concentration in corn tissue (48 days after planting) was reduced when the corn was grown with clover, whereas the concentrations of P, K, and S were not altered by the presence of the legume. Twenty-four days after spraying clover with atrazine, up to 3]. kg N/ha had been released into the soil from the clover. Thirty-four days later, the N concentration in soil of sprayed and unsprayed plots was the same. Soil moisture (20 cm depth) was not affected by the presence of the clover mulch.
Author: Lee Stewart Altier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 770
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Book Description
Author: Manuel J. Reigosa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402042809
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 635
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Book Description
There are many good books in the market dealing with the subject of allelopathy. When we designed the outline of this new book, we thought that it should include as many different points of view as possible, although in an integrated general scheme. Allelopathy can be viewed from different of perspectives, ranging from the molecular to the ecosystem level, and including molecular biology, plant biochemistry, plant physiology, plant ecophysiology and ecology, with information coming also from the organic chemistry, soil sciences, microbiology and many other scientific disciplines. This book was designed to include a complete perspective of allelopathic process. The book is divided into seven major sections. The first chapter explores the international development of allelopathy as a science and next section deals with methodological aspects and it explores potential limitations of actual research. Third section is devoted to physiological aspects of allelopathy. Different specialists wrote about photosynthesis, cell cycle, detoxification processes, abiotic and biotic stress, plant secondary metabolites and respiration related to allelopathy. Chapters 13 through 16 are collectively devoted to various aspects of plant ecophysiology on a variety of levels: microorganisms, soil system and weed germination. Fundamental ecology approaches using both experimental observations and theoretical analysis of allelopathy are described in chapters 16 and 17. Those chapters deal with the possible evolutionary forces that have shaped particular strategies. In the section named “allelopathy in different environments”, authors primarily center on marine, aquatic, forest and agro ecosystems. Last section includes chapters addressing application of the knowledge of allelopathy.
Author: Louise E. Buck
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420049473
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems examines the environmental and social conditions that affect the roles and performance of trees in field- and forest-based agricultural production systems. Various types of ecological settings for agroforestry are analyzed within temperate and tropical regions. The roles of soil, water, light, nutrient and pest management in mixed, annual, woody perennial and livestock systems are discussed. Important new case studies from around the world offer innovative strategies that have been used successfully in raising forests and tree products on a sustainable basis for commercial harvesting and for providing other environmental services in land conservation and watershed management.
Author: Marcelo Larramendy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533079754
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
The content selected in Herbicides, Theory and Applications is intended to provide researchers, producers and consumers of herbicides an overview of the latest scientific achievements. Although we are dealing with many diverse and different topics, we have tried to compile this "raw material" into three major sections in search of clarity and order - Weed Control and Crop Management, Analytical Techniques of Herbicide Detection and Herbicide Toxicity and Further Applications. The editors hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in the methodology of use of herbicides, weed control as well as problems related to its use, abuse and misuse.
Author: Dilip Nandwani
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319069047
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Sustainable horticulture is gaining increasing attention in the field of agriculture as demand for the food production rises to the world community. Sustainable horticultural systems are based on ecological principles to farm, optimizes pest and disease management approaches through environmentally friendly and renewable strategies in production agriculture. It is a discipline that addresses current issues such as food security, water pollution, soil health, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, entomology, ecology, chemistry and food sciences. Sustainable horticulture interprets methods and processes in the farming system to the global level. For that, horticulturists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable horticulture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable horticulture treats problem sources.
Author: J. Lloveras
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grasslands
Languages : en
Pages : 882
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Book Description
Author: Waseem Mushtaq
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030408078
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
Allelopathic studies may be defined in various aspects; weed against weed/crop and vice versa. This book focuses on the ways to utilize the allelopathic potential of weeds or crops for controlling weeds in the agroecosystems. Vigorous use of herbicides is poisoning our environment at an alarming rate; allelopathy can be employed as a useful alternative to control weeds naturally under field conditions. The book contains chapters on the history of allelopathy; allelopathic potential of several important crops (rice, wheat, sorghum, maize, mustard, sunflower) and weeds (members of Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Asteraceae, Verbenaceae). Moreover, it highlights how the allelopathic potential of these weeds and crops can be employed effectively to suppress weeds under field conditions. The book also discusses topics on the role of allelochemicals in agroecosystems; impact on local flora; biotic stress induced by allelochemicals; mechanism of action of allelochemicals and future prospective of allelopathy. Prepared with basic concepts and importance of allelopathy, this book is intended for the agricultural community, botanists, students and researchers.
Author: Daizy Rani Batish
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420043366
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Faced with the growing problems of climate change, ecosystem degradation, declining agricultural productivity, and uncertain food security, modern agricultural scientists look for potential relief in an ancient practice. Agroforestry, if properly designed, can mitigate greenhouse effects, maintain ecosystem health and biodiversity, provide food sec
