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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Brock Cameron Blaser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Growing winter cereal grains in the North Central U.S. can provide multiple benefits to the current corn (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Intercropping red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with winter cereal grains can also benefit the cropping rotation by producing forage, contributing nitrogen (N) to subsequent crops, and enhancing soil quality. This cereal grain/red clover intercropping study was conducted during the 2002-03 and 2003-04 growing seasons to determine the best seeding rates for maximizing cereal grain and red clover yields by optimizing resource competition in the intercrop. In March, red clover was frost-seeded at 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 seeds m−2 into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) seeded at 100, 200, 300, and 400 seeds m−2 the previous October. Cereal grain yield, grain yield components, red clover densities, red clover dry matter (DM), forage quality, and late-spring soil N03-N were measured. When examined across species and year, 300 seeds m−2 cereal grain seeding rate was optimum for grain yield and suitable for red clover establishment. Red clover plant densities at cereal grain harvest were 10 to 22% of the seeding rates. Red clover harvests in the late summer, early fall, and following spring resulted in total DM production of 6 to 8 Mg ha−1. In 2004, red clover DM crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased of 10 and 5% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased 9% as cereal grain seeding rates increased from 100 to 400 seeds m−2. Forage quality also increased in both study years as red clover seeding rates decreased, but in both forage quality situations the differences were minor. In one study year, soil NO3-N concentrations were slightly greater than the no clover treatment when red clover seeding rates were>900 seeds m−2. The results suggested a winter cereal grain/red clover intercrop could be successfully established in the North Central U.S. using a winter cereal grain seeding rate of 300 seeds m−2 and red clover seeding rates between 900 to 1200 seeds m−2 with minor changes in red clover forage quality and soil NO3-N.
Author: Andy Clark
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437903797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author: Frederick William Iutzi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Single-year intercrops of winter cereal grains and forage legumes have an important contribution to make to North Central USA cropping systems, and improvement of component yields through informed cultivar choice or cultivar improvement could increase profitability and ease farmer adoption. This study sought to characterize winter cereal grain genotypes associated with high or low yields of each intercrop component and to identify cereal grain traits of potential utility in breeding for intercrop performance. Twenty-five winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 17 winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) lines were intercropped with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and evaluated for cereal grain canopy characteristics (including light interception, leaf area index [LAI], and leaf angle distribution), cereal grain morphology and phenology (height, tiller density, and heading date), and component yields (cereal grain yield and clover forage yield). Over two years, a tradeoff between grain yield and forage yield was observed in wheat (r = -0.43), but not in triticale. Wheat canopies with high light interception, high LAI, and highly horizontal leaves predicted not only low clover yield (r = -0.53, -0.59, and -0.54, respectively), but also high wheat yields (r = 0.68, 0.47, and 0.45, respectively). Triticale canopy characteristics displayed a less consistent pattern of relationship with component yields. Height was a predictor of low clover yields (r = -0.50) in triticale. Results did not clearly identify any cereal grain traits for potential use as criteria in indirect selection for component yields.
Author:
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Category : Forage plants
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Author: Maciej Jerzy Kazula
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Publisher: UCANR Publications
ISBN: 9781601073976
Category : Cover crops
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: Paulo Mazzafera
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889666441
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Author: Helena Bartolo
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1138000469
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 794
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Book Description
The rise of manufacturing intelligence is fuelling innovation in processes and products concerning a low environmental impact over the product’s lifecycle. Sustainable intelligent manufacturing is regarded as a manufacturing paradigm for the 21st century, in the move towards the next generation of manufacturing and processing technologies. The manufacturing industry has reached a turning point in its evolution and new business opportunities are emerging. With sustainable development arises the immense challenge of combining innovative ideas regarding design, materials and products with non-polluting processes and technologies, conserving energy and other natural resources. On the other hand, sustainability has become a key concern for government policies, businesses and the general public. Model cities are embracing novel ecosystems, combining environmental, social and economic issues in more inclusive and integrated frameworks. Green Design, Materials and Manufacturing Processes includes essential research in the field of sustainable intelligent manufacturing and related topics, making a significant contribution to further development of these fields. The volume contains reviewed papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Intelligent Manufacturing, conjointly organized by the Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, and the Faculty of Architecture, Technical University of Lisbon, both in Portugal. This event was held at the facilities of the Faculty of Architecture, Lisbon, from June 26 to June 29, 2013. A wide range of topics is covered, such as Eco Design and Innovation, Energy Efficiency, Green and Smart Manufacturing, Green Transportation, Life-Cycle Engineering, Renewable Energy Technologies, Reuse and Recycling Techniques, Smart Design, Smart Materials, Sustainable Business Models and Sustainable Construction. Green Design, Materials and Manufacturing Processes is intended for engineers, architects, designers, economists and manufacturers who are actively engaged in the advancement of science and technology regarding key sustainability issues, leading to more suitable, efficient and sustainable products, materials and processes.
Author: Arthur B. Conner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 680
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