Institutional Factors Affecting the Generation and Diffusion of Agricultural Technology PDF Download
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Author: Vernon W. Ruttan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural innovations
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Working paper analysing institutional factors affecting agricultural research and agriculture technology generation and diffusion - elaborates similarities in supply and demand sources for, and interaction between technological and institutional innovations, presents a model for analysing the impact of resources and cultural endowments on institutional and technological change, discusses research centre organisation and cost benefit analysis, and includes case studies. Graphs and references.
Author: Vernon W. Ruttan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural innovations
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Working paper analysing institutional factors affecting agricultural research and agriculture technology generation and diffusion - elaborates similarities in supply and demand sources for, and interaction between technological and institutional innovations, presents a model for analysing the impact of resources and cultural endowments on institutional and technological change, discusses research centre organisation and cost benefit analysis, and includes case studies. Graphs and references.
Author: Iftikhar Ahmad
Publisher: Gower Publishing Company, Limited
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 504
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Book Description
Author: Stephen D. Biggs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural innovations
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Author: Steven Wolf
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461514991
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
Knowledge generation and transfer mechanisms are being transformed in important and controversial ways. Investment in research and development has increased in response to recognition that scientific productivity is tightly connected to economic dynamism. Patent protection has been expanded in order to stimulate higher levels of private investment. Intellectual property rights held by public organizations and researchers are now increasingly transferred to private organizations to accelerate the diffusion and enhance the value of knowledge produced by public agencies and universities. Additionally, new institutions such as university offices of technology transfer, venture capital markets, and a variety of consortia in knowledge-intensive industries are being established throughout the United States and in other parts of the world. These changes have led to a repositioning of the state in systems of innovation and an increase in the proprietary character of technical information. The purpose of this book is to review and analyze i) contemporary transitions in agricultural knowledge generation and extension arrangements from an empirical perspective, and ii) emerging and contradictory perspectives as to how knowledge systems can be assessed effectively. The authors aim to provide the reader with a better understanding of the implications of new biotechnologies and new intellectual property rights regimes on public-private relations in science, the extent to which benefits from scientific knowledge are being appropriated by private sector actors, the diversity and possible outcomes of privatization initiatives in extension, and prospects for public goods production and ecological sustainability given contemporary trends. The book presents contrasting views on the degree of complementarity and substitution between private and public sector investments in research and extension. Recognizing that the labels `public' and `private' are incomplete and at times misleading descriptions of the structure and function of coordinating bodies in social systems, the analyses highlight ways in which public and private spaces and modes of functioning combine. In addition to illustrating a broad range of analytic methodologies useful for studying organizational questions in knowledge systems, the authors identify the implications of a range of past and potential institutional innovations.
Author: Gonzalo Kmaid
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Author: International Labour Office
Publisher: International Labour Organization
ISBN: 9789221064510
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Entries in English and various other languages.
Author: Arnold Pacey
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429718004
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
This book is an expose of the many food consumption-related problems which need to be considered alongside agricultural production issues in development. It examines factors that determine the degree to which people have access to food and can assimilate its nutrients.
Author: Ephraim Nkonya
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319191683
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 695
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Book Description
This volume deals with land degradation, which is occurring in almost all terrestrial biomes and agro-ecologies, in both low and high income countries and is stretching to about 30% of the total global land area. About three billion people reside in these degraded lands. However, the impact of land degradation is especially severe on livelihoods of the poor who heavily depend on natural resources. The annual global cost of land degradation due to land use and cover change (LUCC) and lower cropland and rangeland productivity is estimated to be about 300 billion USD. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for the largest share (22%) of the total global cost of land degradation. Only about 38% of the cost of land degradation due to LUCC - which accounts for 78% of the US$300 billion loss – is borne by land users and the remaining share (62%) is borne by consumers of ecosystem services off the farm. The results in this volume indicate that reversing land degradation trends makes both economic sense, and has multiple social and environmental benefits. On average, one US dollar investment into restoration of degraded land returns five US dollars. The findings of the country case studies call for increased investments into the rehabilitation and restoration of degraded lands, including through such institutional and policy measures as strengthening community participation for sustainable land management, enhancing government effectiveness and rule of law, improving access to markets and rural services, and securing land tenure. The assessment in this volume has been conducted at a time when there is an elevated interest in private land investments and when global efforts to achieve sustainable development objectives have intensified. In this regard, the results of this volume can contribute significantly to the ongoing policy debate and efforts to design strategies for achieving sustainable development goals and related efforts to address land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
Author: Stephen Biggs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: A. F. D. ávila
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780444518743
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
In this chapter we compute measures of total factor productivity (TFP) growth for developing countries and then contrast TFP growth with technological capital indexes. In developing these indexes, we incorporate schooling capital to yield two new indexes: Invention-Innovation Capital and Technology Mastery. We find that TFP performance is strongly related to technological capital and that technological capital is required for TFP and cost reduction growth. Investments in technological capital require long-term (20- to 40-year) investments, which are typically made by governments and aid agencies and are the only viable escape route from mass poverty.
