Inheritance and Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Folate Content in Dry Beans PDF Download
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Author: Sarita Khanal
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ISBN:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Sarita Khanal
Publisher:
ISBN:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Christopher Joseph Martin
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Plant-derived folates (vitamin B9) are essential components of the human diet. Putative folate biosynthesis genes were identified in the syntenic Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. genomes with the latter having undergone whole genome duplication (WGD). For most of the folate synthesis enzymes, two and four genes were discovered in P. vulgaris and G. max, respectively. Analysis of publicly available RNAseq data in both species demonstrated that one copy of each duplicated gene was ≥2-fold more highly expressed than the other. Expression of genes neighboring the folate structural genes were examined in order to determine whether or not the duplicated regions exhibited biased differential expression (genome dominance). Additionally, P. vulgaris and G. max synteny was characterized and gene retention following the WGD was examined. A subgenome bias in gene retention is known as biased fractionation. Neither genome dominance nor biased fractionation was observed in the G. max genome. The present work provides a phylogenetic and genomic analysis of this important biochemical pathway in two staple crops. The development of high-folate cultivars is necessary in order to reduce the prevalence of folate deficiency which leads to numerous adverse human health conditions. A diverse population of 100 P. vulgaris accessions, including several market classes, was grown in two years in Ontario, Canada. Total folate content across the population varied from 113 to 222 μg per 100 g of seeds. The accessions were genotyped for 5361 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, and a genome-wide association study was conducted for seed folate content. Six quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified on chromosomes 4, 6, 8, and 11. Candidate genes on this QTL included an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase, a uridine diphosphate-dependent glucosyltransferase, an HXXXD-type acyltransferase, and a secretory protein 14 (SEC14)-like gene. This work reports the largest survey of genetic diversity for seed folate content in P. vulgaris and identified several genotypes, including SCN4, Bat 93, OAC Redstar, and Pompadour 1014, that would be useful for breeding beans with higher than average folate levels.
Author: Mohammad Erfatpour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Seed coat colour is one of the main determinants of seed quality in commercial market classes of dry bean (P. vulgaris L.), including pinto bean. The beige background of the conventional pinto bean seed coat turns brown with age through a process known as postharvest seed coat darkening (PSCD). Beans with darkened seed coat are discounted in the market because they are perceived to be old, hard-to-cook beans. Seed coat darkening (SCD) is attributed to oxidation of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the seed coat. Breeding for beans with reduced risk of PSCD has been given more attention in recent years because they are appealing to consumers and command higher prices in the market. To achieve this objective, it is important to understand the genetic control of the SCD trait and its relationship with other traits. J is a Mendelian genetic locus known to be responsible for SCD trait in dry beans in which the recessive allele produces a non-darkening (ND) seed coat phenotype. The main objectives of this thesis were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and a gene associated with PSCD in dry beans and understand its function in promoting SCD. A mapping population consisting of 128 F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a ND cranberry-like bean 'Wit-rood boontje' and a slow-darkening pinto bean '1533-15' was genotyped with an Illumina BARCBEAN6K_3 BeadChip and F5:6 seeds were characterized for seed coat phenotype. A major QTL was identified on chromosome Pv10 which explained 48.1% of the phenotypic variation for seed coat darkening. Amplicon sequencing of 21 candidate genes underlying the QTL revealed a single nucleotide deletion (c.703delG) in the candidate gene Phvul.010G130600 in ND RILs. In silico analysis indicated that Phvul.010G130600 encodes a protein with strong amino acid sequence identity (70%) to a R2R3-MYB-type transcription factor MtPAR, which regulates PA biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula seed coat tissue. The ND trait was correlated with reduced grain yield; however, it is possible to develop high yielding lines. In comparison with the darkening genotypes, the ND genotypes were perceived as sweeter, and had softer and smoother texture and shorter cooking times.
Author: Raffaele De Caterina
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128045876
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is the most comprehensive foundational text on the complex topics of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Edited by three leaders in the field with contributions from the most well-cited researchers conducting groundbreaking research in the field, the book covers how the genetic makeup influences the response to foods and nutrients and how nutrients affect gene expression. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is broken into four parts providing a valuable overview of genetics, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics, and a conclusion that helps to translate research into practice. With an overview of the background, evidence, challenges, and opportunities in the field, readers will come away with a strong understanding of how this new science is the frontier of medical nutrition. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is a valuable reference for students and researchers studying nutrition, genetics, medicine, and related fields. - Uniquely foundational, comprehensive, and systematic approach with full evidence-based coverage of established and emerging topics in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics - Includes a valuable guide to ethics for genetic testing for nutritional advice - Chapters include definitions, methods, summaries, figures, and tables to help students, researchers, and faculty grasp key concepts - Companion website includes slide decks, images, questions, and other teaching and learning aids designed to facilitate communication and comprehension of the content presented in the book
Author: Wilfried Schwab
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319679031
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
This text comprehensively covers the analysis, enzymology, physiology and genetics of valuable natural products used in the food industry that are attractive targets for biotechnological production. The focus is on the recent advances made to achieve this goal. This unique work is the first book to focus on biotechnological production of important natural products in food additives, fragrances and flavorings, and other bioactive compounds in food. The chapters offer a deep insight into modern research and the development of low molecular weight natural products. Biotechnology of Natural Products covers products in the Phenolic, Terpenoid, and Alkaloid categories, providing a full overview of the biotechnology of food additives and other low molecular weight natural products. Gene clustering and the evolution of pathways are covered, as well as future perspectives on the topic. Due to limited oil resources and increasing consumer demand for naturalness, bioprocesses are increasingly needed to meet these requirements. Novel sophisticated technologies have facilitated the elucidation of new chemical molecules, their biosynthetic pathways and biological functions. This book provides researchers with a full overview of the technologies and processes involved in the biotechnology of natural products.
Author: Muhammad Siddiq
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118448286
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
The common beans and pulses are diverse food resources of high nutritional value (protein, energy, fiber and vitamins and minerals) with broad social acceptance. These legume crops demonstrate global adaptability, genotypic and phenotypic diversity, and multiple means of preparation and dietary use. Beans and pulses are produced in regions as diverse as Latin America, Africa, Asia, and North America, and on a scale similar to some other crops, such as wheat, corn, rice and soybeans. Numerous factors influence utilization, including bean type and cultivar selection, cropping environment and systems, storage conditions and handling infrastructure, processing and final product preparation. Nutrient content and bio-availability are dramatically influenced by these conditions. In recent years, beans and pulses have been cited for imparting specific positive health potentiating responses, such as hypocholesteremic response, mitigation of diabetes and colonic cancer, and weight control. Enhanced dry bean utilization focused on improved dietary health is an opportunity within both subsistent and developed populations. This book provides a contemporary source of information that brings together current knowledge and practices in the value chain of beans/pulses production, processing, and nutrition. It provides in-depth coverage of a wide variety of pertinent topics including: breeding, postharvest technologies, composition, processing technologies, food safety, quality, nutrition, and significance in human health. An experienced team of over 25 contributors from North America, Asia, and Africa has written 15 chapters, divided into three sections: Overview, production and postharvest technologies of beans and pulses Composition, value-added processing and quality Culinology, nutrition, and significance in human health Contributors come from a field of diverse disciplines, including crop sciences, food science and technology, food biochemistry, food engineering, nutritional sciences, and culinology. Dry Beans and Pulses Production, Processing and Nutrition is an essential resource for scientists, processors and nutritionists, whatever the work setting.
Author: Felipe Lopes da Silva
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319574337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439
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Book Description
This book was written by soybean experts to cluster in a single publication the most relevant and modern topics in soybean breeding. It is geared mainly to students and soybean breeders around the world. It is unique since it presents the challenges and opportunities faced by soybean breeders outside the temperate world.
Author: Noureddine Benkeblia
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119511119
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
A Detailed Reference on How Modern Biotechnology is using the Biofortification of Crops to Improve the Vitamin and Mineral Content of Edible Plants In this reference, Vitamins and Minerals Bio-Fortification of Edible Plants, authors cover new territory on phytonutrients, focusing on the enhancement and modification of edible crops. This book presents techniques and research findings from modern biotechnology to educate readers on the newest tools and research in the field. Readers will learn how groundbreaking scientific advances have contributed to the nutritional content of edible plants and crops for animals and humans. Inside, readers will find comprehensive information on new concepts of biofortification, including but not limited to: ● Modern biotechnology and its uses for improving the vitamin and mineral content of edible plants ● Potential minerals and vitamins that can be targeted and implemented in agriculture ● Ways of enhancing the nutritional contents of edible plants to address nutritional deficiencies and improve livestock ● Methods of identifying plants that can be used to heal or prevent disease and illness While many books cover the phytonutrients of crops, this reference book reports on methodologies, techniques, and environmental changes used to enhance and improve agricultural products. It is one of the first to provide information on using modern biotechnologies to modify crops with the goal of creating health benefits.
Author: Rodomiro Ortiz Ríos
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319205323
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
The field of plant breeding has grown rapidly in the last decade with breakthrough research in genetics and genomics, inbred development, population improvement, hybrids, clones, self-pollinated crops, polyploidy, transgenic breeding and more. This book discusses the latest developments in all these areas but explores the next generation of needs and discoveries including omics beyond genomics, cultivar seeds and intellectual and property rights. This book is a leading-edge publication of the latest results and forecasts important areas of future needs and applications.
Author: Hugo Campos
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030286835
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a fresh, updated and science-based perspective on the current status and prospects of the diverse array of topics related to the potato, and was written by distinguished scientists with hands-on global experience in research aspects related to potato. The potato is the third most important global food crop in terms of consumption. Being the only vegetatively propagated species among the world’s main five staple crops creates both issues and opportunities for the potato: on the one hand, this constrains the speed of its geographic expansion and its options for international commercialization and distribution when compared with commodity crops such as maize, wheat or rice. On the other, it provides an effective insulation against speculation and unforeseen spikes in commodity prices, since the potato does not represent a good traded on global markets. These two factors highlight the underappreciated and underrated role of the potato as a dependable nutrition security crop, one that can mitigate turmoil in world food supply and demand and political instability in some developing countries. Increasingly, the global role of the potato has expanded from a profitable crop in developing countries to a crop providing income and nutrition security in developing ones. This book will appeal to academics and students of crop sciences, but also policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the potato and its contribution to humankind’s food security.
