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Author: Felix Hoberg
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3985540330
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Informationsintegration in maschinell übersetzten, mehrsprachigen Textchats am Beispiel des Skype Translators im Sprachenpaar Katalanisch-Deutsch. Der Untersuchung von Textchats dieser Konfiguration wurde sich bislang nur wenig zugewendet. Deshalb wird der zunächst grundlegend explorativ ausgerichteten Forschungsfrage nachgegangen, wie Personen eine maschinell übersetzte Textchat-Kommunikation wahrnehmen, wenn sie nicht der Sprache des Gegenübers mächtig sind. Damit einher geht auch die Untersuchung der Informationsextraktion und -verarbeitung zwischen Nachrichten, die in der eigenen Sprache verfasst wurden, und der Ausgabe der Maschinellen Übersetzung. Zur Erfassung des Nutzungsverhalten im Umgang mit Skype und dem Skype Translator wurde mit einer deutschlandweit an Studierende gesendeten Online-Umfrage gearbeitet. In einer zweiteiligen, naturalistisch orientierten Pilotstudie unter Einsatz des Eye-Trackers wurde das Kommunikationsverhalten von Studierenden mit deutscher Muttersprache einerseits in maschinell vom Skype Translator übersetzten Chats mit katalanischen Muttersprachler·innen und andererseits, als Referenz, in monolingualen, rein deutschsprachigen Chats ohne Skype Translator untersucht. Bei den Teilnehmer·innen an diesen Studien handelt es sich um zwei unabhängige Gruppen. Beide wurden ebenfalls mit Fragebögen zum Nutzungsverhalten und zu den Eindrücken des Skype Translators erfasst. Das sicher überraschendste Ergebnis der Studie ist, dass die Versuchspersonen einen substanziellen Teil der Chatkommunikation auf der MÜ-Ausgabe in beiden beteiligten Sprachen verbringen. Die Untersuchung der Sakkaden und Regressionen deutet auf einen sprunghaften Wechsel zwischen Originalnachricht und MÜ hin. Der Schwerpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit liegt dabei konsequent auf den neusten Nachrichten. Es ist daher anzunehmen, dass die Versuchspersonen die MÜ-Ausgabe aktiv in die Kommunikation miteinbeziehen und wesentliche Informationen zwischen Original und MÜ abzugleichen versuchen.
Author: Felix Hoberg
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3985540330
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Informationsintegration in maschinell übersetzten, mehrsprachigen Textchats am Beispiel des Skype Translators im Sprachenpaar Katalanisch-Deutsch. Der Untersuchung von Textchats dieser Konfiguration wurde sich bislang nur wenig zugewendet. Deshalb wird der zunächst grundlegend explorativ ausgerichteten Forschungsfrage nachgegangen, wie Personen eine maschinell übersetzte Textchat-Kommunikation wahrnehmen, wenn sie nicht der Sprache des Gegenübers mächtig sind. Damit einher geht auch die Untersuchung der Informationsextraktion und -verarbeitung zwischen Nachrichten, die in der eigenen Sprache verfasst wurden, und der Ausgabe der Maschinellen Übersetzung. Zur Erfassung des Nutzungsverhalten im Umgang mit Skype und dem Skype Translator wurde mit einer deutschlandweit an Studierende gesendeten Online-Umfrage gearbeitet. In einer zweiteiligen, naturalistisch orientierten Pilotstudie unter Einsatz des Eye-Trackers wurde das Kommunikationsverhalten von Studierenden mit deutscher Muttersprache einerseits in maschinell vom Skype Translator übersetzten Chats mit katalanischen Muttersprachler·innen und andererseits, als Referenz, in monolingualen, rein deutschsprachigen Chats ohne Skype Translator untersucht. Bei den Teilnehmer·innen an diesen Studien handelt es sich um zwei unabhängige Gruppen. Beide wurden ebenfalls mit Fragebögen zum Nutzungsverhalten und zu den Eindrücken des Skype Translators erfasst. Das sicher überraschendste Ergebnis der Studie ist, dass die Versuchspersonen einen substanziellen Teil der Chatkommunikation auf der MÜ-Ausgabe in beiden beteiligten Sprachen verbringen. Die Untersuchung der Sakkaden und Regressionen deutet auf einen sprunghaften Wechsel zwischen Originalnachricht und MÜ hin. Der Schwerpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit liegt dabei konsequent auf den neusten Nachrichten. Es ist daher anzunehmen, dass die Versuchspersonen die MÜ-Ausgabe aktiv in die Kommunikation miteinbeziehen und wesentliche Informationen zwischen Original und MÜ abzugleichen versuchen.
Author: Marta Kajzer-Wietrzny
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961103933
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
The purpose of this book is to showcase a diverse set of directions in empirical research on mediated discourse, reflecting on the state-of-the-art and the increasing intersection between Corpus-based Interpreting Studies (CBIS) and Corpus-based Translation Studies (CBTS). Undeniably, data from the European Parliament (EP) offer a great opportunity for such research. Not only does the institution provide a sizeable sample of oral debates held at the EP together with their simultaneous interpretations into all languages of the European Union. It also makes available written verbatim reports of the original speeches, which used to be translated. From a methodological perspective, EP materials thus guarantee a great degree of homogeneity, which is particularly valuable in corpus studies, where data comparability is frequently a challenge. In this volume, progress is visible in both CBIS and CBTS. In interpreting, it manifests itself notably in the availability of comprehensive transcription, annotation and alignment systems. In translation, datasets are becoming substantially richer in metadata, which allow for increasingly refined multi-factorial analysis. At the crossroads between the two fields, intermodal investigations bring to the fore what these mediation modes have in common and how they differ. The volume is thus aimed in particular at Interpreting and Translation scholars looking for new descriptive insights and methodological approaches in the investigation of mediated discourse, but it may be also of interest for (corpus) linguists analysing parliamentary discourse in general.
Author: Dorothy Kenny
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961103488
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Language learning and translation have always been complementary pillars of multilingualism in the European Union. Both have been affected by the increasing availability of machine translation (MT): language learners now make use of free online MT to help them both understand and produce texts in a second language, but there are fears that uninformed use of the technology could undermine effective language learning. At the same time, MT is promoted as a technology that will change the face of professional translation, but the technical opacity of contemporary approaches, and the legal and ethical issues they raise, can make the participation of human translators in contemporary MT workflows particularly complicated. Against this background, this book attempts to promote teaching and learning about MT among a broad range of readers, including language learners, language teachers, trainee translators, translation teachers, and professional translators. It presents a rationale for learning about MT, and provides both a basic introduction to contemporary machine-learning based MT, and a more advanced discussion of neural MT. It explores the ethical issues that increased use of MT raises, and provides advice on its application in language learning. It also shows how users can make the most of MT through pre-editing, post-editing and customization of the technology.
Author: Dorothy Kenny
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3985540454
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Language learning and translation have always been complementary pillars of multilingualism in the European Union. Both have been affected by the increasing availability of machine translation (MT): language learners now make use of free online MT to help them both understand and produce texts in a second language, but there are fears that uninformed use of the technology could undermine effective language learning. At the same time, MT is promoted as a technology that will change the face of professional translation, but the technical opacity of contemporary approaches, and the legal and ethical issues they raise, can make the participation of human translators in contemporary MT workflows particularly complicated. Against this background, this book attempts to promote teaching and learning about MT among a broad range of readers, including language learners, language teachers, trainee translators, translation teachers, and professional translators. It presents a rationale for learning about MT, and provides both a basic introduction to contemporary machine-learning based MT, and a more advanced discussion of neural MT. It explores the ethical issues that increased use of MT raises, and provides advice on its application in language learning. It also shows how users can make the most of MT through pre-editing, post-editing and customization of the technology.
Author: Bianca Prandi
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961103976
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
The present work explores computer-assisted simultaneous interpreting (CASI) from a primarily cognitive perspective. Despite concerns over the potentially negative impact of computer-assisted interpreting (CAI) tools on interpreters’ cognitive load (CL), this hypothesis remains untested. Previous research is restricted to the evaluation of the CASI product and a methodology for the process-oriented evaluation of CASI and the empirical evidence for its cognitive modelling are missing. Overcoming these limitations appears essential to advance CAI research, particularly to foster a deeper understanding of the cognitive aspects of CAI through a validated research methodology and to determine the feasibility of the integration of CAI tools into the interpreting process. This book tests and validates a methodology for the combined exploration of the product and process of CASI. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected during an eyetracking experiment at the Translation & Cognition Centre of the University of Mainz. The study followed a convergent mixed-method and multi-method approach and involved nine interpreting students. Prior to the experimental task, the informants were trained in the use of three terminology support tools: a digital glossary in PDF format, a CAI tool with manual look-up, and a mock-up CAI tool with integrated automatic speech recognition (ASR) for terminology. After several pre-tests, the participants interpreted three speeches from English into their native German using a different tool each time. To increase comparability between the three conditions and control for potentially confounding variables, the speeches were validated during a pilot study. The students’ gaze data and deliveries were recorded and analysed. Qualitative data on the informants’ perception of the tools were collected post-hoc. In the study, several performance, behavioural, and subjective measures were analysed: terminological accuracy and errors and omissions; glossary queries, ear-voice span, inter-cluster pause duration, time to first fixation, average fixation duration, and fixation time; qualitative questionnaire responses. The findings provide insights into the effects of CAI tools on CL and attention allocation in interpreter-CAI tool interaction during simultaneous interpreting. As this is the first study on in-process CAI tool use with a markedly cognitive orientation, it entails significant implications for the methodological development of CAI research and the design of future studies on cognitive aspects of CASI, while raising additional questions in need of further investigation.
Author: Francesca Maria Frittella
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961104034
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Technological advancement is reshaping the ways in which language interpreters operate. This poses existential challenges to the profession but also offers new opportunities. This books moves from the design of the computer-assisted interpreting tool SmarTerp as a case study of impact-driven interpreting technology research. It demonstrates how usability testing was used to achieve an interpreter-centred design. By contextualising the case study within the past and current developments of translation and interpreting technology research, this book seeks to inform and inspire a redefinition of the conceptualisation of interpreting technology research—not just as a tool to understand change but to drive it into a sustainable and human direction.
Author: Tra&Co Group
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961103046
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Cognitive aspects of the translation process have become central in Translation and Interpreting Studies in recent years, further establishing the field of Cognitive Translatology. Empirical and interdisciplinary studies investigating translation and interpreting processes promise a hitherto unprecedented predictive and explanatory power. This collection contains such studies which observe behaviour during translation and interpreting. The contributions cover a vast area and investigate behaviour during translation and interpreting – with a focus on training of future professionals, on language processing more generally, on the role of technology in the practice of translation and interpreting, on translation of multimodal media texts, on aspects of ergonomics and usability, on emotions, self-concept and psychological factors, and finally also on revision and post-editing. For the present publication, we selected a number of contributions presented at the Second International Congress on Translation, Interpreting and Cognition hosted by the Tra&Co Lab at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz.
Author: Claudio Fantinuoli
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961101612
Category : Philology. Linguistics
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Unlike other professions, the impact of information and communication technology on interpreting has been moderate so far. However, recent advances in the areas of remote, computer-assisted, and, most recently, machine interpreting, are gaining the interest of both researchers and practitioners. This volume aims at exploring key issues, approaches and challenges to the interplay of interpreting and technology, an area that is still underrepresented in the field of Interpreting Studies. The contributions to this volume cover topics in the area of computer-assisted and remote interpreting, both in the conference as well as in the court setting, and report on experimental studies.
Author: Tomáš Svoboda
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3946234836
Category : Corpora (Linguistics)
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
The purpose of this volume is to explore key issues, approaches and challenges to quality in institutional translation by confronting academics’ and practitioners’ perspectives. What the reader will find in this book is an interplay of two approaches: academic contributions providing the conceptual and theoretical background for discussing quality on the one hand, and chapters exploring selected aspects of quality and case studies from both academics and practitioners on the other. Our aim is to present these two approaches as a breeding ground for testing one vis-à-vis the other. This book studies institutional translation mostly through the lens of the European Union (EU) reality, and, more specifically, of EU institutions and bodies, due to the unprecedented scale of their multilingual operations and the legal and political importance of translation. Thus, it is concerned with the supranational (international) level, deliberately leaving national and other contexts aside. Quality in supranational institutions is explored both in terms of translation processes and their products – the translated texts.
Author: Hansen-Schirra, Silvia
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961100241
Category : Corpora (Linguistics)
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
Empirical research is carried out in a cyclic way: approaching a research area bottom-up, data lead to interpretations and ideally to the abstraction of laws, on the basis of which a theory can be derived. Deductive research is based on a theory, on the basis of which hypotheses can be formulated and tested against the background of empirical data. Looking at the state-of-the-art in translation studies, either theories as well as models are designed or empirical data are collected and interpreted. However, the final step is still lacking: so far, empirical data has not lead to the formulation of theories or models, whereas existing theories and models have not yet been comprehensively tested with empirical methods. This publication addresses these issues from several perspectives: multi-method product- as well as process-based research may gain insights into translation as well as interpreting phenomena. These phenomena may include cognitive and organizational processes, procedures and strategies, competence and performance, translation properties and universals, etc. Empirical findings about the deeper structures of translation and interpreting will reduce the gap between translation and interpreting practice and model and theory building. Furthermore, the availability of more large-scale empirical testing triggers the development of models and theories concerning translation and interpreting phenomena and behavior based on quantifiable, replicable and transparent data.
