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Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Information Clearinghouse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Information Clearinghouse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) systematic review process is the basis of many of its products, enabling the WWC to use consistent, objective, and transparent standards and procedures in its reviews, while also ensuring comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature. The WWC systematic review process consists of five steps: (1) Developing the review protocol; (2) Identifying relevant literature; (3) Screening studies; (4) Reviewing studies; and (5) Reporting on findings. A separate "What Works Clearinghouse Standards Handbook" (ED577036) describes Step 4, including the standards used by the WWC to review studies and assign one of the following three study ratings indicating the credibility of evidence from the study: "Meets WWC Design Standards Without Reservations," "Meets WWC Design Standards With Reservations," or "Does Not Meet WWC Design Standards." Taken together, these two documents replace the single document used since March 2014, the "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)." Figure I.1 shows how the steps of the WWC systematic review process are divided between the two Handbooks. In general, this new "Procedures Handbook" contains the same procedures that were included in the "Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)." However, in addition to changes to the organization, the following substantive updates were made: (1) The "Handbook" includes additional information that can be specified in review protocols. This additional information may be needed because of updates to the "WWC Standards Handbook" or to take into account methodological considerations that may vary by topic area; (2) The "Handbook" includes additional clarification of procedures. The additional clarification of the procedures is intended to support consistency across reviews, and includes new discussion of how the WWC defines studies and conducts its correction for multiple comparisons within studies; (3) The "Handbook" includes updated formulas for calculating statistical significance of findings. The formula for continuous outcomes includes a new small sample size adjustment, and a separate formula is provided for dichotomous outcomes; and (4) The "Handbook" includes procedures for reporting findings from randomized controlled trials that present complier average causal effects. A new appendix describes how the WWC reports findings and statistical significance from studies with complier average causal effect estimates to examine the effects of intervention participation rather than intervention assignment. The remainder of the document is organized as follows: Chapter II describes the steps that the WWC uses to develop a review protocol. Chapter III describes how the WWC identifies the relevant literature. Chapter IV describes the screening process to determine if a study is eligible for review, and Chapter V describes the procedures used to review eligible studies. Chapter VI describes how the WWC summarizes evidence of effectiveness. Organizational procedures used by the WWC to ensure an independent, systematic, and objective review are described in the appendices. As the WWC uses and applies the procedures in this "Procedures Handbook," reviewers may occasionally need additional guidance. If necessary, the WWC will produce guidance documents for reviewers to provide clarification and interpretation of procedures and support consistency across reviews. This WWC reviewer guidance will clarify how these procedures should be implemented in situations where the current "Procedures Handbook" is not sufficiently specific to ensure consistent reviews. As the WWC continues to refine and develop procedures, the "Procedures Handbook" will be revised to reflect these changes. [See ED544775 to review the previous version of this guide. ].
Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) systematic review process is the basis of many of its products, enabling the WWC to use consistent, objective, and transparent standards and procedures in its reviews, while also ensuring comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature. The WWC systematic review process consists of five steps: (1) Developing the review protocol; (2) Identifying relevant literature; (3) Screening studies; (4) Reviewing studies; and (5) Reporting on findings. This "What Works Clearinghouse Standards Handbook (Version 4.0)" provides a detailed description of the standards used by the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) to review studies (Step 4 above). Steps 1-3 and Step 5 are described in a separate "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures Handbook" (ED577035). Taken together, these two documents replace the single document used since March 2014, the "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)." Figure I.1 shows how the steps of the WWC systematic review process are divided between the two Handbooks. This "Standards Handbook" provides a detailed description of the standards used by the WWC when reviewing studies that have met eligibility screens, including using one of the following eligible designs: randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental design, regression discontinuity design, and single-case design. Studies that use other designs are not reviewed by the WWC. The WWC refers to randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs collectively as group design studies. Studies reviewed against WWC standards receive one of the following three study ratings indicating the credibility of evidence from the study: "Meets WWC Design Standards Without Reservations, Meets WWC Design Standards With Reservations", or "Does Not Meet WWC Design Standards." The substantive differences between this version of the standards (4.0) and the previous version (3.0) include the following: (1) The regression discontinuity design standards have been revised; (2) The standards for cluster-level assignment studies have been revised; (3) The standards for studies with missing data have been revised; (4) The "Standards Handbook" includes standards for randomized controlled trials that present complier average causal effects; (5) Additional methods of statistical adjustment can be used to satisfy the baseline equivalence requirement; and (6) The handbook includes additional clarification of existing standards. The remainder of the document is organized as follows. Chapter II provides standards for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. This chapter also provides additional standards for randomized controlled trials that present complier average causal effects (with supplemental technical detail in Appendix D). Chapter III provides standards for studies that use regression discontinuity designs. Chapter IV provides information on outcome eligibility and confounding factors that applies broadly across designs. As the WWC uses and applies the standards in this "Standards Handbook", reviewers may occasionally need additional guidance. If necessary, the WWC will produce guidance documents for reviewers that provide clarification and interpretation of standards and support consistency across reviews. This WWC reviewer guidance will clarify how these standards should be implemented in situations where the current "Standards Handbook" is not sufficiently specific to ensure consistent reviews. As the WWC continues to refine and develop standards, the "Standards Handbook" will be revised to reflect these changes. [To view the previous version of this report, see ED544775.].
Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
This "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)" provides a detailed description of the standards and procedures of the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC). The remaining chapters of this Handbook are organized to take the reader through the basic steps that the WWC uses to develop a review protocol, identify the relevant literature, assess research quality, and summarize evidence of effectiveness. Organizational procedures used by the WWC to ensure an independent, systematic, and objective review are described in the appendices. Table I.1 provides a summary of the remaining chapters and associated appendices. The main differences between this version of the procedures and standards and the previous version (Version 2.1) are in clarity, detail, and scope. The organization of the Handbook, as well as all text, was reviewed and modified to support clarity; additionally, examples have been added throughout. There is more detail on the specific procedures and standards used by the WWC, including how to deal with missing data, random assignment probabilities, and cluster-level designs. Finally, whereas the previous version focused almost exclusively on intervention reports, this version provides information on other key WWC products, which include practice guides, single study reviews, and quick reviews. As the WWC continues to refine processes, develop new standards, and create new products, the "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook" will be revised to reflect these changes. Appended are: (1) Staffing, Reviewer Certification, and Quality Assurance; (2) Policies for Searching and Prioritizing Studies for Review; (3) The WWC Study Review Process; (4) Pilot Regression Discontinuity Design Standards; (5) Pilot Single-Case Design Standards; (6) Magnitude of Findings for Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi-Experimental Designs; and (7) Statistical Significance for Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi Experimental Designs. [See ED503772 to view previous version of this guide.].
Author: California. Office of Planning and Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental impact statements
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Author: California. Office of Planning and Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental impact analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Author: Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acquisition of government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: California. Office of Planning and Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental law
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Author: Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : de
Pages :
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Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 2
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Book Description
This document provides guidance about how to describe studies and report their findings in a way that is clear, complete, and transparent. This document does not include information about how studies are judged against What Works Clearinghouse evidence standards. For information about What Works Clearinghouse evidence standards, please refer to the "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook." (Contains 3 tables.).