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Author: Amir Alexander
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1780745338
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
On August 10, 1632, five leading Jesuits convened in a sombre Roman palazzo to pass judgment on a simple idea: that a continuous line is composed of distinct and limitlessly tiny parts. The doctrine would become the foundation of calculus, but on that fateful day the judges ruled that it was forbidden. With the stroke of a pen they set off a war for the soul of the modern world. Amir Alexander takes us from the bloody religious strife of the sixteenth century to the battlefields of the English civil war and the fierce confrontations between leading thinkers like Galileo and Hobbes. The legitimacy of popes and kings, as well as our modern beliefs in human liberty and progressive science, hung in the balance; the answer hinged on the infinitesimal. Pulsing with drama and excitement, Infinitesimal will forever change the way you look at a simple line.
Author: Amir Alexander
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1780745338
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
On August 10, 1632, five leading Jesuits convened in a sombre Roman palazzo to pass judgment on a simple idea: that a continuous line is composed of distinct and limitlessly tiny parts. The doctrine would become the foundation of calculus, but on that fateful day the judges ruled that it was forbidden. With the stroke of a pen they set off a war for the soul of the modern world. Amir Alexander takes us from the bloody religious strife of the sixteenth century to the battlefields of the English civil war and the fierce confrontations between leading thinkers like Galileo and Hobbes. The legitimacy of popes and kings, as well as our modern beliefs in human liberty and progressive science, hung in the balance; the answer hinged on the infinitesimal. Pulsing with drama and excitement, Infinitesimal will forever change the way you look at a simple line.
Author: E.I. Gordon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940170063X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
Infinitesimal analysis, once a synonym for calculus, is now viewed as a technique for studying the properties of an arbitrary mathematical object by discriminating between its standard and nonstandard constituents. Resurrected by A. Robinson in the early 1960's with the epithet 'nonstandard', infinitesimal analysis not only has revived the methods of infinitely small and infinitely large quantities, which go back to the very beginning of calculus, but also has suggested many powerful tools for research in every branch of modern mathematics. The book sets forth the basics of the theory, as well as the most recent applications in, for example, functional analysis, optimization, and harmonic analysis. The concentric style of exposition enables this work to serve as an elementary introduction to one of the most promising mathematical technologies, while revealing up-to-date methods of monadology and hyperapproximation. This is a companion volume to the earlier works on nonstandard methods of analysis by A.G. Kusraev and S.S. Kutateladze (1999), ISBN 0-7923-5921-6 and Nonstandard Analysis and Vector Lattices edited by S.S. Kutateladze (2000), ISBN 0-7923-6619-0
Author: James M. Henle
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486151018
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Introducing calculus at the basic level, this text covers hyperreal numbers and hyperreal line, continuous functions, integral and differential calculus, fundamental theorem, infinite sequences and series, infinite polynomials, more. 1979 edition.
Author: John L. Bell
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521887186
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
A rigorous, axiomatically formulated presentation of the 'zero-square', or 'nilpotent' infinitesimal.
Author: Dennis M. Cates
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030110362
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
This book is a complete English translation of Augustin-Louis Cauchy's historic 1823 text (his first devoted to calculus), Résumé des leçons sur le calcul infinitésimal, "Summary of Lectures on the Infinitesimal Calculus," originally written to benefit his École Polytechnique students in Paris. Within this single text, Cauchy succinctly lays out and rigorously develops all of the topics one encounters in an introductory study of the calculus, from his classic definition of the limit to his detailed analysis of the convergence properties of infinite series. In between, the reader will find a full treatment of differential and integral calculus, including the main theorems of calculus and detailed methods of differentiating and integrating a wide variety of functions. Real, single variable calculus is the main focus of the text, but Cauchy spends ample time exploring the extension of his rigorous development to include functions of multiple variables as well as complex functions. This translation maintains the same notation and terminology of Cauchy's original work in the hope of delivering as honest and true a Cauchy experience as possible so that the modern reader can experience his work as it may have been like 200 years ago. This book can be used with advantage today by anyone interested in the history of the calculus and analysis. In addition, it will serve as a particularly valuable supplement to a traditional calculus text for those readers who desire a way to create more texture in a conventional calculus class through the introduction of original historical sources.
Author: Margaret E. Baron
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483280926
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
The Origins of Infinitesimal Calculus focuses on the evolution, development, and applications of infinitesimal calculus. The publication first ponders on Greek mathematics, transition to Western Europe, and some center of gravity determinations in the later 16th century. Discussions focus on the growth of kinematics in the West, latitude of forms, influence of Aristotle, axiomatization of Greek mathematics, theory of proportion and means, method of exhaustion, discovery method of Archimedes, and curves, normals, tangents, and curvature. The manuscript then examines infinitesimals and indivisibles in the early 17th century and further advances in France and Italy. Topics include the link between differential and integral processes, concept of tangent, first investigations of the cycloid, and arithmetization of integration methods. The book reviews the infinitesimal methods in England and Low Countries and rectification of arcs. The publication is a vital source of information for historians, mathematicians, and researchers interested in infinitesimal calculus.
Author: René Guénon
Publisher: Sophia Perennis
ISBN: 9780900588082
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Guénon's early and abiding interest in mathematics, like that of Plato, Pascal, Leibnitz, and many other metaphysicians of note, runs like a scarlet thread throughout his doctrinal studies. In this late text published just five years before his death, Guénon devotes an entire volume to questions regarding the nature of limits and the infinite with respect to the calculus both as a mathematical discipline and as symbolism for the initiatic path. This book therefore extends and complements the geometrical symbolism he employs in other works, especially The Symbolism of the Cross, The Multiple States of the Being, and Symbols of Sacred Science. According to Guénon, the concept 'infinite number' is a contradiction in terms. Infinity is a metaphysical concept at a higher level of reality than that of quantity, where all that can be expressed is the indefinite, not the infinite. But although quantity is the only level recognized by modern science, the numbers that express it also possess qualities, their quantitative aspect being merely their outer husk. Our reliance today on a mathematics of approximation and probability only further conceals the 'qualitative mathematics' of the ancient world, which comes to us most directly through the Pythagorean-Platonic tradition.
Author: Ieke Moerdijk
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 147574143X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
The aim of this book is to construct categories of spaces which contain all the C?-manifolds, but in addition infinitesimal spaces and arbitrary function spaces. To this end, the techniques of Grothendieck toposes (and the logic inherent to them) are explained at a leisurely pace and applied. By discussing topics such as integration, cohomology and vector bundles in the new context, the adequacy of these new spaces for analysis and geometry will be illustrated and the connection to the classical approach to C?-manifolds will be explained.
Author: Ursula Goldenbaum
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110211866
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
The essays offer a unified and comprehensive view of 17th century mathematical and metaphysical disputes over status of infinitesimals, particularly the question whether they were real or mere fictions. Leibniz's development of the calculus and his understanding of its metaphysical foundation are taken as both a point of departure and a frame of reference for the 17th century discussions of infinitesimals, that involved Hobbes, Wallis, Newton, Bernoulli, Hermann, and Nieuwentijt. Although the calculus was undoubtedly successful in mathematical practice, it remained controversial because its procedures seemed to lack an adequate metaphysical or methodological justification. The topic is also of philosophical interest, because Leibniz freely employed the language of infinitesimal quantities in the foundations of his dynamics and theory of forces. Thus, philosophical disputes over the Leibnizian science of bodies naturally involve questions about the nature of infinitesimals. The volume also includes newly discovered Leibnizian marginalia in the mathematical writings of Hobbes.
Author: Bartholomew Price
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Calculus
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
