Author: H. Peyton Young
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 9780691086873
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
He develops a theory that predicts how such institutions evolve and characterizes their welfare properties.
Author: H. Peyton Young
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691214255
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Neoclassical economics as-sumes that people are highly rational and can reason their way through even the most complex economic problems. In Individual Strategy and Social Structure, Peyton Young argues for a more realistic view in which people have a limited understanding of their environment, are sometimes short-sighted, and occasionally act in perverse ways. He shows how the cumulative experiences of many such individuals coalesce over time into customs, norms, and institutions that govern economic and social life. He develops a theory that predicts how such institutions evolve and characterizes their welfare properties. The ideas are illustrated through a variety of examples, including patterns of residential segregation, rules of the road, claims on property, forms of economic contracts, and norms of equity. The book relies on new results in evolutionary game theory and stochastic dynamical systems theory, many of them originated by the author. It can serve as an introductory text, or be read on its own as a contribution to the study of economic and social institutions.
Author: Ronald S. Burt
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674029097
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
Ronald Burt describes the social structural theory of competition that has developed through the last two decades. The contrast between perfect competition and monopoly is replaced with a network model of competition. The basic element in this account is the structural hole: a gap between two individuals with complementary resources or information. When the two are connected through a third individual as entrepreneur, the gap is filled, creating important advantages for the entrepreneur. Competitive advantage is a matter of access to structural holes in relation to market transactions.
Author: Brian Skyrms
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521533928
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Brian Skyrms, author of the successful Evolution of the Social Contract (which won the prestigious Lakatos Award) has written a sequel. The book is a study of ideas of cooperation and collective action. The point of departure is a prototypical story found in Rousseau's A Discourse on Inequality. Rousseau contrasts the pay-off of hunting hare where the risk of non-cooperation is small but the reward is equally small, against the pay-off of hunting the stag where maximum cooperation is required but where the reward is so much greater. Thus, rational agents are pulled in one direction by considerations of risk and in another by considerations of mutual benefit. Written with Skyrms's characteristic clarity and verve, this intriguing book will be eagerly sought out by students and professionals in philosophy, political science, economics, sociology and evolutionary biology.
Author: Rodolphe Durand
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317627180
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
Organizations are ubiquitous, from clubs and associations to firms and public agencies. They confer meaning to all of us, and our attachment to and membership of organizations have a profound effect on all areas of our lives. However, in our increasingly turbulent world, these organizations run the risk of disappearing or losing their legitimacy, creating a sense of pointlessness and absurdity. Organizations, Strategy and Society: The Orgology of Disorganized Worlds draws on neo-institutional and strategy theories of competitive advantage and develops an integrative approach to theorizing organizations and their behaviors, termed ‘orgology’. It explains that organizations can act strategically to protect and renew the meaning that individuals give to their lives. In so doing, organizations that survive and thrive impose their logics on society, thereby influencing what is legitimate or not. In turn, individuals must reinterpret their multiple associations with organizations and contribute to reinforcing or inhibiting social evolutions. This new way of understanding organizations’ relationships with society results in a reconsideration of management and the role of individuals in building their future. This book will be of interest to students at all levels, to researchers in organizational studies, strategic management and sociology, as well as to people willing to reorganize their world.
Author: Damon Centola
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691202427
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
A new, counterintuitive theory for how social networks influence the spread of behavior New social movements, technologies, and public-health initiatives often struggle to take off, yet many diseases disperse rapidly without issue. Can the lessons learned from the viral diffusion of diseases improve the spread of beneficial behaviors and innovations? How Behavior Spreads presents over a decade of original research examining how changes in societal behavior—in voting, health, technology, and finance—occur and the ways social networks can be used to influence how they propagate. Damon Centola's startling findings show that the same conditions that accelerate the viral expansion of an epidemic unexpectedly inhibit the spread of behaviors. How Behavior Spreads is a must-read for anyone interested in how the theory of social networks can transform our world.
Author: Arnold Beckmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540694056
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 613
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2008, held in Athens, Greece, in June 2008. The 36 revised full papers presented together with 25 invited tutorials and lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 108 submissions. Among them are papers of 6 special sessions entitled algorithms in the history of mathematics, formalising mathematics and extracting algorithms from proofs, higher-type recursion and applications, algorithmic game theory, quantum algorithms and complexity, and biology and computation.
Author: Stephen M. Quintana
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470189800
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
Filling a critical void in the literature, Race, Racism, and the Developing Child provides an important source of information for researchers, psychologists, and students on the recent advances in the unique developmental and social features of race and racism in children's lives. Thorough and accessible, this timely reference draws on an international collection of experts and scholars representing the breadth of perspectives, theoretical traditions, and empirical approaches in this field.
Author: H. Peyton Young
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691214050
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Governments and institutions, perhaps even more than markets, determine who gets what in our society. They make the crucial choices about who pays the taxes, who gets into college, who gets medical care, who gets drafted, where the hazardous waste dump is sited, and how much we pay for public services. Debate about these issues inevitably centers on the question of whether the solution is "fair." In this book, H. Peyton Young offers a systematic explanation of what we mean by fairness in distributing public resources and burdens, and applies the theory to actual cases.
Author: Giovanni Naldi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0817649468
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
Using examples from finance and modern warfare to the flocking of birds and the swarming of bacteria, the collected research in this volume demonstrates the common methodological approaches and tools for modeling and simulating collective behavior. The topics presented point toward new and challenging frontiers of applied mathematics, making the volume a useful reference text for applied mathematicians, physicists, biologists, and economists involved in the modeling of socio-economic systems.
