Improving Winterhardiness in Nondormant Alfalfa Germplasm PDF Download
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Author: Mindy Anne Weishaar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Improved winter hardiness in alfalfa is correlated with fall dormancy but the relationship is not completely understood. Our objectives were to determine how selection for improved winter hardiness influenced (i) fall height (ii) sugar, starch and protein concentration of roots and (iii) forage quality. Three cycles of selection for improved winter hardiness was conducted in Ames, IA using 'Magna 8', 'CUF 101', 'GT13R+', and '5939.' Seed from the second cycle of selection and parental cultivars were planted in rows in Ames and Nashua, IA in August 1999. Height was measured in October 1999 and winter injury was measured in April 2000. In May of 2001 seedlings from all three cycles of selection plus the parental cultivars and six check varieties were planted in Ames, IA and West Lafayette, IN. Height was measured in October 2001 and yield was measured at both locations in September and November. Plants were dug from half of each plot in November of 2001 and root samples were taken. Winter injury and winter survival were determined in April 2002 at both locations. In 1999 the C0 generation had a higher average height than the C2 generation for all four varieties at Ames, but only two varieties differed at Nashua. In April 2000 the C2 plants for all varieties had much higher winter injury values at Ames. The two C2 varieties did not have higher winter injury values at Nashua. In general there was no significant trend in autumn yield. A significant negative linear trend across all cycles and varieties was observed for height in October 2001. Among the laboratory traits, a positive linear trend in total sugars for all varieties was the only clear change noted. For forage quality traits, there was a significant linear trend in CUF101 for September crude protein and November NDF, ADF and crude protein. We have demonstrated that selection based solely on winter injury can dramatically improve winter hardiness in non-dormant populations, and while a concomitant decrease in autumn plant height occurred, autumn yield appeared to be unaffected.
Author: Mindy Anne Weishaar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Improved winter hardiness in alfalfa is correlated with fall dormancy but the relationship is not completely understood. Our objectives were to determine how selection for improved winter hardiness influenced (i) fall height (ii) sugar, starch and protein concentration of roots and (iii) forage quality. Three cycles of selection for improved winter hardiness was conducted in Ames, IA using 'Magna 8', 'CUF 101', 'GT13R+', and '5939.' Seed from the second cycle of selection and parental cultivars were planted in rows in Ames and Nashua, IA in August 1999. Height was measured in October 1999 and winter injury was measured in April 2000. In May of 2001 seedlings from all three cycles of selection plus the parental cultivars and six check varieties were planted in Ames, IA and West Lafayette, IN. Height was measured in October 2001 and yield was measured at both locations in September and November. Plants were dug from half of each plot in November of 2001 and root samples were taken. Winter injury and winter survival were determined in April 2002 at both locations. In 1999 the C0 generation had a higher average height than the C2 generation for all four varieties at Ames, but only two varieties differed at Nashua. In April 2000 the C2 plants for all varieties had much higher winter injury values at Ames. The two C2 varieties did not have higher winter injury values at Nashua. In general there was no significant trend in autumn yield. A significant negative linear trend across all cycles and varieties was observed for height in October 2001. Among the laboratory traits, a positive linear trend in total sugars for all varieties was the only clear change noted. For forage quality traits, there was a significant linear trend in CUF101 for September crude protein and November NDF, ADF and crude protein. We have demonstrated that selection based solely on winter injury can dramatically improve winter hardiness in non-dormant populations, and while a concomitant decrease in autumn plant height occurred, autumn yield appeared to be unaffected.
Author: United States. Agricultural Research Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Muhammet Sakiroglu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield has not increased over the past 25 years in the Midwestern United States. One way to increase yield in alfalfa is through capturing heterosis. Heterotic groups are genetically distinct germplasms that, when hybridized, repeatedly produce progeny that express heterosis. In alfalfa, three main heterotic groups have been proposed in the United States: dormant M. falcata, semidormant M. sativa, and nondormant M. sativa. Nondormant alfalfa cannot be used in the upper Midwestern United States due to severe winterkill. Three cycles of recurrent selection were conducted in four nondormant cultivars and winter hardiness was substantially improved in all four. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the nondormant derived alfalfa germplasm represents a heterotic group distinct from Midwestern United States cultivars. Four elite Midwestern alfalfa cultivars and the four nondormant derived populations were hand crossed in a half diallel mating design. A seeded trial was established at one Iowa location in 2003 and transplanted trials grown at two locations at 2004. In spite of the observation of better yield in some of the particular crosses, a general heterotic pattern was not observed between the two proposed groups.
Author: Hongwei Cai
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482208113
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Forage crops include several species of grasses and legumes that are widely used as animal fodder in the form of hay, pasturage and silage, as well as for turf and erosion control. Some forage grasses are also being considered for bio-energy generation. In this book leading researchers review the latest advances in molecular genetics and genomics; they also examine the success of breeding programs for forage grasses and legume species. The book will be useful for students and young researchers with an interest in forage, turf and bio-energy crops improvements.
Author: Jun Yang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630838
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Author: Ferdinand Henry Steinmetz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Malay C. Saha
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111860945X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Bioenergy and biofuels are generated from a wide variety of feedstock. Fuels have been converted from a wide range of sources from vegetable oils to grains and sugarcane. Second generation biofuels are being developed around dedicated, non-food energy crops, such as switchgrass and Miscanthus, with an eye toward bioenergy sustainability. Bioenergy Feedstocks: Breeding and Genetics looks at advances in our understanding of the genetics and breeding practices across this diverse range of crops and provides readers with a valuable tool to improve cultivars and increase energy crop yields. Bioenergy Feedstocks: Breeding and Genetics opens with chapters focusing primarily on advances in the genetics and molecular biology of dedicated energy crops. These chapters provide in-depth coverage of new, high-potential feedstocks. The remaining chapters provide valuable overview of breeding efforts of current feedstocks with specific attention paid to the development of bioenergy traits. Coverage in these chapters includes crops such as sorghum, energy canes, corn, and other grasses and forages. The final chapters explore the role of transgenics in bioenergy feedstock production and the development of low-input strategies for producing bioenergy crops. A timely collection of work from a global team of bioenergy researchers and crop scientists, Bioenergy Feedstocks: Breeding and Genetics is an essential reference on cultivar improvement of biomass feedstock crops.
Author: Beat Boller
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441907602
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
Grassland farming in Europe was already established during the settlement of the rst farmers together with their domesticated animals after the last ice age. Since then, grassland provides the forage basis to feed ruminant animals for the p- duction of meat and milk. Depending on the ecological conditions and intensity of usage, various plant communities with different species developed, displaying a rich biodiversity. With the introduction of improved crop rotations at the end of the 16th century, grasses and legumes were also grown to an important extent as forage crops on arable land. In the last decades the importance of amenity grasses increased markedly, due to the demand of the society for new usages like landscape protection. Around 1900 interested farmers and academics identi ed the need for gra- land improvement through systematic selection and seed production. This marks the beginning of breeding and research in companies but also at universities and specialized research institutes. Plant collection started with many of the species that are still of importance today. The collected materials were grouped according to the intended use and some type of phenotypic selection was applied. Seed mul- plication of such populations was performed in pure stands and the harvested seed was marketed. Although the vegetative biomass and its quality are of utmost imp- tance in forage crop breeding, it is the seed yield potential which determines the commercial success of a new variety.
Author: Kenneth J. Moore
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119436621
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 963
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Book Description
Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, 7th Edition, Volume II will extensively evaluate the current knowledge and information on forage agriculture. Chapters written by leading researchers and authorities in grassland agriculture are aggregated under section themes, each one representing a major topic within grassland science and agriculture. This 7th edition will include two new additional chapters covering all aspects of forage physiology in three separate chapters, instead of one in previous editions. Chapters will be updated throughout to include new information that has developed since the last edition. This new edition of the classic reference serves as a comprehensive supplement to An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, Volume I.
Author: C. R. Megee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
