Impact of Water Supply on the Well-being of the Rural Communities. The Case of Haramaya District, of Eastern Ethiopia PDF Download
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Author: Getahun Nagari
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346783022
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Regional Geography, Haramaya University, language: English, abstract: This study identifies factors affecting access to potable water supply as well as measures the magnitude of the impact of rural water supply on the wellbeing of the user community using cross-sectional data collected from 200 farm households that were randomly selected from Haramaya District, east Hararghe Zone of Oromia National regional state. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, and propensity score matching (PSM) method. The results obtained from Logit model showed that access to potable water supply are significantly influenced by education, knowledge, quality of water, sustainability and distance of water point from homestead. Results of the PSM suggest that access to potable water supply significantly decreased households’ expenditure on consumption and medical care by Birr 2497 per annum (55%). Overall, the study provides evidence that policy makers and development practitioners should focus on accessible rural water supply system and investing in alternative watering points such as deep/shallow wells, protected hand dug wells, protected spring on spot and with gravity and easily adoptable low technologies maintained by the community. Moreover, it is important to focus on improving households’ knowledge about PWS, quality of water and basic water point services to improve households’ potable water supply demand.
Author: Getahun Nagari
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346783022
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Regional Geography, Haramaya University, language: English, abstract: This study identifies factors affecting access to potable water supply as well as measures the magnitude of the impact of rural water supply on the wellbeing of the user community using cross-sectional data collected from 200 farm households that were randomly selected from Haramaya District, east Hararghe Zone of Oromia National regional state. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, and propensity score matching (PSM) method. The results obtained from Logit model showed that access to potable water supply are significantly influenced by education, knowledge, quality of water, sustainability and distance of water point from homestead. Results of the PSM suggest that access to potable water supply significantly decreased households’ expenditure on consumption and medical care by Birr 2497 per annum (55%). Overall, the study provides evidence that policy makers and development practitioners should focus on accessible rural water supply system and investing in alternative watering points such as deep/shallow wells, protected hand dug wells, protected spring on spot and with gravity and easily adoptable low technologies maintained by the community. Moreover, it is important to focus on improving households’ knowledge about PWS, quality of water and basic water point services to improve households’ potable water supply demand.
Author: Muhammed A. Usman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This paper examines the impact of drinking water quality and sanitation behavior on child health in rural districts of Ethiopia. Using primary household survey data and microbiological water test for Escherichia coli, we use various estimation methods to quantify the impacts of water quality and sanitation behavior on diarrhea incidence among children under five years old. Our results show that uncontaminated household storage water and safe child stool disposal decrease incidence of child diarrhea by 16% and 23% respectively. In contrast, neighborhood concentration of pit latrine increases incidence of child diarrhea by 12%. The latter result casts serious doubt on the assumed health and social benefits of moving from open to fixed-location defecation. Creating open defecation free communities in rural areas is not enough to achieve the desired health benefits of sanitation. To protect rural households from the risk of contracting communicable diseases, existing pit latrines should be upgraded to make them safer to use - fly-proofed and hygienic. There is a need for appropriate policy actions to improve household drinking water quality and to change people's behavior towards safe sanitation practices. Increasing access to clean water supply and providing means for safe excreta disposal will bring significant health and social gains. Moreover, promotion of hygiene education campaigns about household water treatment, safe water storage and handling, washing hands with soaps at critical times, and adequately removing child feces from the domestic environment can also help ensure that people preserve good health in their household and their community.
Author: Muhammed Usman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
This paper examines the impact of drinking water quality and sanitation behavior on child health in rural districts of Ethiopia. Using primary household survey data and microbiological water test for Escherichia coli, we use various estimation methods to quantify the impacts of water quality and sanitation behavior on diarrhea incidence among children under five years old. Our results show that uncontaminated household storage water and safe child stool disposal decrease incidence of child diarrhea by 16% and 23% respectively. In contrast, neighborhood concentration of pit latrine increases incidence of child diarrhea by 12%. The latter result casts serious doubt on the assumed health and social benefits of moving from open to fixed-location defecation. Creating open defecation free communities in rural areas is not enough to achieve the desired health benefits of sanitation. To protect rural households from the risk of contracting communicable diseases, existing pit latrines should be upgraded to make them safer to use - fly-proofed and hygienic. There is a need for appropriate policy actions to improve household drinking water quality and to change people's behavior towards safe sanitation practices. Increasing access to clean water supply and providing means for safe excreta disposal will bring significant health and social gains. Moreover, promotion of hygiene education campaigns about household water treatment, safe water storage and handling, washing hands with soaps at critical times, and adequately removing child feces from the domestic environment can also help ensure that people preserve good health in their household and their community.
Author: Girma Kebbede
Publisher: Ashgate Pub Limited
ISBN: 9780754643067
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
Although it still has a low urban population when compared with the rest of the world, Ethiopia nevertheless has been experiencing one of the most rapid urbanization processes of recent years. This rapid urban growth, however, has not been accompanied by a commensurate increase in basic infrastructure and amenities that are essential for a healthy urban environment. Housing, water supply, sanitation services, drainage, transport networks and health services have not been able to keep pace with the prevailing urban growth rates, resulting in a deterioration of urban living conditions and increasingly serious health problems. of environmental problems in urban areas in Ethiopia and their impact on health. The book points to the economic and political causes that underlie many of the urban problems in the country. This in-depth analysis suggests ways to deal with these problems at community, municipal, and national levels.
Author: Weredekal Atsbeha Gebremeskel
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659471780
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Potable rural water supply coverage in Ethiopia is very low specifically in the rural areas of the Tigray regional state. To address this problem both governments and non-government organizations have been involved in implementing different water supply interventions in many areas of the region. However, the impact of the rural water supply development on women livelihood is not well documented. This study aims at assessing the impact of rural water supply service towards the empowerment of women. A comparative analysis of realities before and after project intervention was employed to examine the impact of the rural water supply project on women livelihoods. To analyze data both descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation (t-test and Chi-square test) analysis were employed. Result of the study show that the water supply project has had significant positive impact on women livelihoods.
Author: Kibrom Adino
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783656989264
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2013 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Development Politics, Addis Ababa University (Regional and Local Development Studies), course: Full Regional and Local Development Studies courses, language: English, abstract: These days, water has become a highly essential ingredient for the rural household's home based productive use of water beyond the usual basic needs of consumption. In recognition of this, this study is aimed at three main objectives: assessment of the home based productive use of water, the factors that affect the productive use and examining the major challenges of rural water supply in the study area. In an attempt to deal with these objectives the study selected Metema Woreda in Ethiopia as a study area from which four kebeles were selected randomly to have 130 household respondents. The major methods of analysis in this study were both descriptive analysis and a logistic model to meet on the aforementioned objectives. The analysis and discussion of the study revealed that water is the prime input for home based productive uses in addition to the usual basic needs of consumption. To this effect, traditional brewery, home gardening, water selling, small ruminants and rural restaurants were the major home based productive uses of water in the study area. Yet the productive use of water in the study area was found to be constrained by demographic and economic characteristics of the households and the physical and environmental situation of the water supply of the area. Moreover, the study recognized that the water supply in the study area is hindered by a combination of institutional, physical, and technical challenges. Hence, in recognition to these, the concerned bodies at all levels should recognize the challenges of rural water supply as multiple and interlocking that requires a systematic approach. Moreover, the productive use of water at household level should be mainstreamed in the policy of
Author: Helmut Kloos
Publisher: Cambria Press
ISBN: 1604976659
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
Sub-Saharan Africa, the poorest region worldwide, has only recently begun to fully address the issues of meeting the water needs of its rapidly growing population, to reduce the deepening poverty besetting the region and to accelerate economic growth. The Nile Basin, characterized by sharp spatial and temporal variations in water resources and including countries with different economies, social and political structures and capacities, illustrates the challenges of developing and managing the waters of the Nile River and its tributaries, lakes and wetlands equitably among its 10 riparian countries. Ethiopia, the major source of the Nile but one of the poorest countries in the Nile Basin, has recently begun to implement plans to harness more Nile water through hydroelectric and irrigation development both for national use and for transboundary development as part of the Nile Basin Initiative. The Ethiopian government and communities, by using different management approaches and resources, are trying to boost water, energy and food production, strengthen conservation efforts and mitigate potential repercussions of water resources development. These initiatives and programs have not been comprehensively examined. In this study, the editors address these and other issues surrounding water resources management in all economic and water sectors in Ethiopia within the setting of the Nile Basin, the first comprehensive treatment of this subject. The wide scope of this book is consistent with the tenets of integrated water resources management, which demand that all water uses be managed in an integrated fashion for optimum and sustainable benefits to all water users, both humans and ecosystems. This book reveals the impacts of various resource management approaches and practices in Ethiopia and the Nile Basin. Specifically, it examines how deforestation and prevailing land use practices have exacerbated soil aridity and flood events, why irrigated agriculture and hydropower development have caused floodplain degradation, livelihood hardships and water-related diseases, where industrial and agricultural development is increasingly polluting water resources, how household water supplies can be obtained through rainwater harvesting and the dependence on hydropower reduced through alternative energy sources and how misguided government policies have impeded efforts to deal with these and other challenges. Results reveal dynamic interrelationships between these processes and identify the human and environmental driving forces, which must be understood in effective integrated water resources management. Another unique contribution of this book is the examination of the role of government and communities in managing water resources in Ethiopia. Results show that the top-down approach used by the socialist Derg government in soil and water conservation and social programs exacerbated water problems and reduced community participation. Moreover, the failure of its economic program reduced agricultural production, increasing dependency on relief food and further impeding community initiatives in soil and water conservation activities. Many elements of central planning persist in spite of the decentralization drive by the current government, but there is evidence that integration of the top-down and bottom-up approaches to water resources management is necessary (and feasible) to strengthen and up-scale programs to the national level. The book identifies a number of customary water and soil management practices and institutions that may strengthen especially community-based rainwater harvesting, small-scale irrigation, reforestation, soil and water conservation and flood control efforts. This is an important book for researchers and students of resources management, rural development, hydrology and African studies.
Author: Lundqvist, Jan., Malmquist, L., Dias, P., Barron, J. and Wakeyo, M. B.
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251341451
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
The report uses a nutritional water productivity (NWP) framework to interpret the relationship between nutrition and water in the context of water challenges. It argues that higher yields – of both staple and nutritious crops – are possible, even in water-stressed areas. This will require an agricultural transformation that ensures that efforts to enhance water productivity are linked to the promotion of healthy diets. Increasing water productivity and stabilizing yields at realistic levels will also be crucial to increasing the resilience of farmers. Better coordination and timing of water and other inputs, notably fertilizers and improved seeds, is likely to enhance productivity and to reduce the threats of a further encroachment of agriculture into other ecosystems. A diversified production system is required for food security, nutrition and poverty alleviation. There is an opportunity to provide strategic support for crops and other farm produce with high economic and nutritional value. A range of crops and other produce can be included in farming systems ranging from rainfed to irrigated agriculture. For the farmers to be stimulated and able to capitalize on the increasing need and demand for such produce, the development of markets, and associated investments in cold storage, roads/transport and food procurement programmes that prioritize nutritious produce will be key.
Author: K. K. Munguti
Publisher: IIED
ISBN: 1904035000
Category : Africa, Eastern
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Author: Teshome Adugna
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Ethiopia's water supply and sanitation coverage is one of the lowest in Africa. Such a situation made people in the country to spend much more time collecting drinking water. In addition to this people have been becoming unhealthy due to the spread of water related diseases. The lack of water supply and sanitation is considered as one factor for the deep and wide spread of poverty in the country. This study investigated the impacts of water supply and sanitation on the poverty incidence through improving the health status of people and increasing crop production. The secondary data, mainly from CSA, MOWR and MOFED used to analyse water supply and sanitation situation in the country and even to estimate the impact of water supply and sanitation in poverty incidence. The study used panel data which were collected from different locations over selected years. The log-log model was specified to get the elasticity of poverty incidence due to the change in the water supply and sanitation. The Fixed Effect Instrumental Variable (FE-IV) estimator was used to estimate the equation. Under the new water supply and sanitation program (2006-2012) a total of 58 million people would get water supply at the end of the 2012. In addition to this a total of 75.5 million people would get basic sanitation service during the same period. In the rural areas a total of 149,023 new water supply and 15,893,313 sanitation infrastructure would be constructed during the plan period. Similarly in the urban areas a total of 1,335 new constructions would be undertaken in the same period. The efforts to reach the universal access program would reduce the incidence of poverty by 23 million by improving the health status of 7 million people and increasing the total crop production by 26 million quintals. But Absence of consistent development plan, lack of appropriate technology, poor cost recovery and lack of fund, poor coordination and experience sharing practices, lack of private sector and absence of micro-enterprise would be the major challenges to realize UAP target in Ethiopia.
