Impact of Climate and Management Practices on Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater PDF Download
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Author: Zhi-Jun Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Big Spring Basin (Clayton County, Iowa)
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Author: Zhi-Jun Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Big Spring Basin (Clayton County, Iowa)
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Author: Larry W. Canter
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351428667
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
This time-saving book provides extensive coverage of all important aspects of nitrates in groundwater, ranging from prevention to problem assessment to remediation. It begins by highlighting the nitrogen cycle and related health concerns, providing both background information and a unique perspective on health issues. It then analyzes subsurface pr
Author: Shoaib Rashid Saleem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Contamination of groundwater by nitrate is a critical concern in agricultural subwatersheds in southern Ontario. Groundwater quality may further deteriorate due to socio-economic pressures and extreme future climate change conditions. The focus of this study was to assess the impacts of future climate changes and potential changes in agricultural land use on groundwater nitrate concentrations. Three research sites with contrasting hydrogeological settings, located in agricultural subwatersheds, were investigated: Norfolk County, Guelph, and Acton. The Norfolk (sandy aquifer) and Guelph (fractured bedrock aquifer) sites were examined in the most detail. Two different vadose zone models, DRAINMOD-NII and RZWQM2, were evaluated to select the most suitable model to represent the soil conditions encountered in southern Ontario. The selected vadose zone model, RZWQM2, was used to quantify the shallow nitrate concentrations and leaf area index (LAI) under different crop types. These data were used as input to fully integrated numerical models, developed using HydroGeoSphere software, for groundwater flow and contaminant transport for both sites. The HydroGeoSphere models were calibrated and validated for the 2014-2016 period using field data collected at both sites. Following calibration of the groundwater models, three different climate change models (2040-2059) and three different crop rotations (corn-soybean, continuous corn, corn-soybean-winter wheat-red clover) were applied (i.e., nine scenarios for each site) to evaluate the potential impact of future climate changes on groundwater quality. The selected climate change scenarios yielded less water availability for hydrologic processes. There was less impact on groundwater elevations at the Norfolk site compared to the Guelph site. The nitrate concentrations were lower significantly during the future period at both sites. However, the continuous corn land use scenario had much higher nitrate concentrations compared to base case scenario (corn-soybean rotation). Further, the best management practices (BMP) scenario (corn-soybeans-winter wheat-red clover rotation) produced significantly lower groundwater nitrate concentrations at both research sites. BMPs, such as the crop rotation tested herein, should be adopted to reduce the potential negative impacts of future climate change on groundwater quality, especially in vulnerable fractured bedrock aquifer settings and shallow sandy aquifers. These findings are important for water and land managers in agricultural settings, to mitigate future impacts of nutrient transport on groundwater quality under a changing climate.
Author: Istvan Bogardi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642760406
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Book Description
The nitrate content of drinking water is rising at an alarming rate in several regions of NATO countries and elsewhere in the world. The increase is due to lack of proper sewage treatment, and primarily to excess fertilizer application. Also, eutrophication in several coastal areas is triggered by high nitrate concentrations. The main purpose of this book is to integrate scientific knowledge related to exposure assessment, health consequences and control of nitrate contamination in water. The motivation is related to the magnitude, the possible adverse health effects, and the high cost of control ling nitrate contamination. Future research tasks are defined by an interaction among hydro logists, toxicologists and environmental engineers in an integrated framework for nitrate risk management. The target readership of this book is a mix of university colleagues, practitioners from both the private and public sectors and advanced graduate students working with the hydrological, health science or environmental engineering aspects of nitrate contamination. The main conclusions include: 1. For risk assessment purposes, knowledge and sufficiently accurate models are available to predict nitrate load and its fate in water under changes in land use. 2. Once agricultural exposure controls are implemented, the response times in ground water may be so long as to make controls unrealistic. 3. It is still unknown whether agricultural best management practice is a compromise between nitrate risk reduction and agricultural revenue. 4. The current drinking water guidelines of 10 mg/L NOrN need not be changed.
Author: Tracy Alanna Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Across the Midwest, farmers, researchers, policy makers and communities are confronting increasing groundwater contamination due to agricultural practices, particularly the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, coupled with the challenge of employing these practices to continue growing profitable crops. Additionally, not only are the impacts of agricultural practices felt at the local level-often in the form of agricultural runoff, unsafe drinking water, soil erosion, and decreased stream and lake levels-but also nationally. As agricultural runoff travels downstream to the Gulf of Mexico, excess nutrients have resulted in dead zones. It is likely that ongoing and future climate change across the Midwest will exacerbate current struggles and may leave many fields more vulnerable to nitrate leaching. Moving forward, to ensure safe drinking water and restore and protect ecosystem services, nitrogen management strategies need to be improved and implemented. The Wisconsin Central Sands (WCS) faces many of the challenges felt by communities across the Midwest when managing agricultural land with growing water quality contamination. The WCS region serves as a case study in improving nitrogen management for groundwater quality. To better identify pathways to improved groundwater quality, we incorporated on-farm research related to drivers of water quality variability, observations of soil-plant-environment interactions, agroecosystem modeling, and farmer surveys. In chapter one, we evaluated/quantified the spatiotemporal variability of nitrate concentrations in irrigation water across the WCS region. Additionally, we analyzed the influence of well depth, well casing diameter, nitrogen application rate, year and week of sampling event on nitrate concentration in irrigation water. We found that nitrate levels varied more across space than time, that nitrogen application rate was the most significant predictor of nitrate concentration, and that on average, nitrate levels in irrigation water across the WCS are 19.0 mg/L, or nearly twice the threshold for safe drinking water set by the EPA. In chapter two, we measured leaf level photosynthesis and calculated key photosynthetic parameters for two cultivars of potato grown under four nitrogen application rates. We found that nitrogen application rate (season total N), days after emergence (DAE), and temperature were significant predictors of Vcmax (maximum rate of carboxylation). We also found that at the highest level of nitrogen application (403.5 kg N/ha), both N content (%) and Vcmax declined relative to a nitrogen application rate of 336.3 kg N/ha. In chapter three, we modeled the impact of nitrogen best management practices (BMPs) with varied N rates on irrigated corn yield and nitrate leaching. To better understand the effectiveness and tradeoffs of BMPs considering increased weather variability, we used cluster analysis to group similar weather years. We found that nitrate leaching could be reduced through the use of BMPs (20%) and reduced nitrogen application rates (40%), but there was little room for mitigation during years experiencing wetter than average growing seasons. Additionally, nitrate concentration in the groundwater never reached safe/healthy levels (below 10 mg/L) in our simulations. In chapter four, we surveyed farmers on their current use of nitrogen BMPs, levels of concern towards environmental and economic challenges, as well as barriers to implementing certain BMPs. Our findings highlight that growers feel the greatest level of concern for the cost of government regulation and ineffective government policies, and 100% of respondents felt at least a little concerned about groundwater quality. While the BMP of split application was widely adopted (69%), growers perceived lack of information as a substantial barrier to adopting the practice of crediting nitrate in irrigation water.
Author: Balamurugan Panneerselvam
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031047079
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
This volume discusses climate change impacts on groundwater quality in arid and semi-arid regions, and provides human health risk assessments due to pollution of surface and groundwater. The book presents recent trends in monitoring groundwater management and implementing pollution mitigation strategies, including practices involving remote sensing and GIS techniques, entropy water quality index, weighted arithmetic water quality index, fuzzy logic applications, and improved irrigation methods. The book also outlines hydrological processes in arid and semi-arid regions and hydrochemical properties of surface and groundwater as a necessary background for understanding how pollution impacts groundwater quality and resources, and how geographical modeling of hydrological processes can aid in human health risk assessments. The book is intended for academics, administrators, policymakers, social scientists, and professionals involved in the various aspects of climate change impact on groundwater quality, hydrological process, pollution mitigation strategies, sustainable development, and environmental planning and management.
Author: Harriet Nash
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0412586207
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Groundwater quality monitoring and testing is of paramount importance both in the developed and developing world. This book presents a series of papers illustrating the varied nature of current research into groundwater quality. Urban and rural supplies are covered through a case history approach, and the importance of remedial action to prevent deterioration is emphasized.
Author: JunJie Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: David K. Fishel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
Author: Francesca F. Quercia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400722427
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This book addresses questions of relevance to governments and industry in many countries around the world, in particular concerning the link between contaminated-land-management programs and the protection of drinking water resources and the potential effects of climate changes on the availability of these same resources. On the “problem” side, it reports and analyzes methodologies and experiences in monitoring and characterization of drinking water resources (at basin, country and continental scales), pollution prevention, assessment of background quality and of impacts on safety and public health from land and water contamination and impacts of climate change. On the “solution” side, the book presents results from national cleanup programs, recent advances in research into groundwater and soil remediation techniques, treatment technologies, research needs and information sources, land and wastewater management approaches aimed at the protection of drinking water.
