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Author: Katrin Reininger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Molecular dynamics
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Katrin Reininger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Molecular dynamics
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Malte Oppermann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319053388
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
This thesis presents an experimental study of the ultrafast molecular dynamics of CO_2^+ that are induced by a strong, near-infrared, femtosecond laser pulse. In particular, typical strong field phenomena such as tunneling ionisation, nonsequential double ionisation and photo-induced dissociation are investigated and controlled by employing an experimental technique called impulsive molecular alignment. Here, a first laser pulse fixes the molecule in space, such that the molecular dynamics can be studied as a function of the molecular geometry with a second laser pulse. The experiments are placed within the context of the study and control of ultrafast molecular dynamics, where sub-femtosecond (10^-15 seconds) resolution in ever larger molecular systems represents the current frontier of research. The thesis presents the required background in strong field and molecular physics, femtosecond laser architecture and experimental techniques in a clear and accessible language that does not require any previous knowledge in these fields.
Author: C. D. Lin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108187250
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
Probing and controlling electrons and nuclei in matter at the attosecond timescale became possible with the generation of attosecond pulses by few-cycle intense lasers, and has revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure and molecular processes. This book provides an intuitive approach to this emerging field, utilizing simplified models to develop a clear understanding of how matter interacts with attosecond pulses of light. An introductory chapter outlines the structure of atoms and molecules and the properties of a focused laser beam. Detailed discussion of the fundamental theory of attosecond and strong-field physics follows, including the molecular tunnelling ionization model (MO-ADK theory), the quantitative rescattering (QRS) model, and the laser induced electronic diffraction (LIED) theory for probing the change of atomic configurations in a molecule. Highlighting the cutting-edge developments in attosecond and strong field physics, and identifying future opportunities and challenges, this self-contained text is invaluable for students and researchers in the field.
Author: Craig S. Slater
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319245171
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
The work presented in this thesis involves a number of sophisticated experiments highlighting novel applications of the Pixel Imaging Mass Spectrometry (PImMS) camera in the field of photoinduced molecular dynamics. This approach represents the union of a new enabling technology (a multiple memory register, CMOS-based pixel detector) with several modern chemical physics approaches and represents a significant leap forward in capabilities. Applications demonstrated include three-dimensional imaging of photofragment Newton spheres, simultaneous electron-ion detection using a single sensor, and ion-ion velocity correlation measurements that open the door to novel covariance imaging experiments. When combined with Coulomb explosion imaging, such an approach is demonstrated to allow the measurement of molecular structure and motion on a femtosecond timescale. This is illustrated through the controlled photoexcitation of torsional motion in biphenyl molecules and the subsequent real-time measurement of the torsional angle.
Author: Weifeng Yang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832522750
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Author: James Michael Glownia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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In this thesis I will describe some of the techniques we have developed to extract coherent vibrational and rotational wavepacket motion from stochastic ultrafast free electron x-ray light sources such as the Linac Coherent Light Source. In the initial experiments we performed, the ultrafast x-rays themselves created vibrational wavepackets that were probed by an ultrafast optical laser, and to the best of our knowledge this is the first example of ultrafast coherent preparation of a wavepacket using x-rays. The x-rays were also utilized to probe rotational wavepackets formed by the optical laser. These findings led to a second series of experiments where we sought to use the x-rays as a probe of non Born-Oppenheimer dynamics. The first time-resolved x-ray/optical pump-probe experiments at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) used a combination of feedback methods and post-analysis binning techniques to synchronize an ultrafast optical laser to the linac-based x-ray laser. Transient molecular nitrogen alignment revival features produced by coherent rotational wavepackets were resolved in time-dependent x-ray-induced fragmentation spectra. These alignment features were used to find the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses. The strong-field dissociation of x-ray generated quasi-bound molecular dications was used to establish the residual timing jitter. This analysis shows that the relative arrival time of the Ti:Sapphire laser and the x-ray pulses had a distribution with a standard deviation of approximately 120 fs. To overcome this limitation we analyzed the ion time of flight traces using a manifold embedding and nonlinear singular value decomposition techniques in collaboration with Abbas Ourmazd and Russell Fung at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. This analysis automatically separated the alignment and dication dissociation dynamics from the data, and it revealed fast dynamics that we can attribute to coherent vibrational wavepackets that were created by the ultrafast x-rays and probed by the optical laser. A second study we performed looked at the feasibility of using the LCLS as a fast Coulomb explosion probe of systems undergoing fast laser induced dynamics beyond molecular alignment. As the primary mechanism of energy transfer in natural chemical systems, developing a fundamental understanding of non-radiative excited-state transfer via conical-intersections is of utmost importance for many fields such as biochemistry, alternative energy research, and quantum control. In general, the relevant chemical systems are complex and the exact energy transfer pathways are hard to discriminate from other dynamics. We conducted an experiment to use ultrafast optical and x-ray lasers to induce and observe time resolved molecular dynamics of an optically induced conical-intersection in a prototype system of molecular iodine. Few-femtosecond x-ray pulses from the LCLS then rapidly ionized the molecules without additional strong-field dressing of the potential energy surfaces under investigation. We used optically-dressed molecular iodine as a well controllable analog of a natural conical-intersections. Additionally, we implemented a molecular alignment technique that should prove generally applicable to numerous future LCLS experiments and may compliment condensed-phase x-ray imaging studies of molecular dynamics.
Author: Benjamin J. Whitaker
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139437909
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Charged particle imaging has revolutionized experimental studies of photodissociation and bimolecular collisions over the past couple of decades. Written in a tutorial style by some of the key practitioners in the field, this book gives a comprehensive account of the technique and describes many of its applications.
Author: Takayoshi Kobayashi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540272135
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 914
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Book Description
This volume is a collection of papers presented at the Fourteenth International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena held in Niigata, Japan from July 25-30, 2004. The Ultrafast Phenomena Conferences are held every two years and provide a forum for discussion of the latest results in ultrafast optics and their applications in science and engineering. A total of more than 300 papers were presented, reporting the forefront of research in ultrashort pulse generation and characterization, including new techniques for shortening the duration of laser pulses, for stabilizing their absolute phase, and for improving tenability over broad wavelength ranges, output powers and peak intensities. Ultrafast spectroscopies, particularly time-resolved X-ray and electron diffraction and two-dimensional spectroscopy, continue to give new insights into fundamental processes in physics, chemistry and biology. Control and optimization of the outcome of ultrafast processes represent another important field of research. There are an increasing number of applications of ultrafast methodology in material diagnostics and processing, microscopy and medical imaging. The enthusiasm of the participants, the involvement of many students, the high quality of the papers in both oral and poster sessions made the conference very successful. Many people and organizations made invaluable contributions. The members of the international program committee reviewed the submissions and organized the program. The staff of the Optical Society of America deserves special thanks for making the meeting arrangements and running the meeting smoothly.
Author: Bretislav Friedrich
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030639630
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 639
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Book Description
This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
Author: Marc J J Vrakking
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788015134
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Attosecond science is a new and rapidly developing research area in which molecular dynamics are studied at the timescale of a few attoseconds. Within the past decade, attosecond pump–probe spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful experimental technique that permits electron dynamics to be followed on their natural timescales. With the development of this technology, physical chemists have been able to observe and control molecular dynamics on attosecond timescales. From these observations it has been suggested that attosecond to few-femtosecond timescale charge migration may induce what has been called “post-Born-Oppenheimer dynamics”, where the nuclei respond to rapidly time-dependent force fields resulting from transient localization of the electrons. These real-time observations have spurred exciting new advances in the theoretical work to both explain and predict these novel dynamics. This book presents an overview of current theoretical work relevant to attosecond science written by theoreticians who are presently at the forefront of its development. It is a valuable reference work for anyone working in the field of attosecond science as well as those studying the subject.
