Author: A. J. Hoenselaars
Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press
ISBN: 9780838634318
Category : Drama
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Book Description
The connection between Renaissance ideas about the character of individual nations and the presentation of stage characters of various nationalities in the drama of Shakespeare and his contemporaries is examined in this volume.
Images of Englishmen and Foreigners in the Drama of Shakespeare and His Contemporaries
Author: A. J. Hoenselaars
Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press
ISBN: 9780838634318
Category : Drama
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Book Description
The connection between Renaissance ideas about the character of individual nations and the presentation of stage characters of various nationalities in the drama of Shakespeare and his contemporaries is examined in this volume.
Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press
ISBN: 9780838634318
Category : Drama
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Book Description
The connection between Renaissance ideas about the character of individual nations and the presentation of stage characters of various nationalities in the drama of Shakespeare and his contemporaries is examined in this volume.
A Bibliographical Catalogue of Italian Books Printed in England 1558–1603
Author: Soko Tomita
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317188918
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 595
Book Description
Through entries on 291 Italian books (451 editions) published in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, covering the years 1558-1603, this catalogue represents a summary of current research and knowledge of diffusion of Italian culture on English literature in this period. It also provides a foundation for new work on Anglo-Italian relations in Elizabethan England. Mary Augusta Scott's 1916 Elizabethan Translations from the Italian forms the basis for the catalogue; Soko Tomita adds 59 new books and eliminates 23 of Scott's original entries. The information here is presented in a user-friendly and uncluttered manner, guided by Philip Gaskell's principles of bibliographical description; the volume includes bibliographical descriptions, tables, graphs, images, and two indices (general and title). In an attempt to restore each book to its original status, each entry is concerned not only with the physical book, but with the human elements guiding it through production: the relationship with the author, editor, translator, publisher, book-seller, and patron are all recounted as important players in the exploration of cultural significance. Renaissance Anglo-Italian relations were marked by both patriotism and xenophobia; this catalogue provides reliable and comprehensive information about books and publication as well as concrete evidence of what elements of Italian culture the English responded to and how Italian culture was acclimatized into Elizabethan England.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317188918
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 595
Book Description
Through entries on 291 Italian books (451 editions) published in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, covering the years 1558-1603, this catalogue represents a summary of current research and knowledge of diffusion of Italian culture on English literature in this period. It also provides a foundation for new work on Anglo-Italian relations in Elizabethan England. Mary Augusta Scott's 1916 Elizabethan Translations from the Italian forms the basis for the catalogue; Soko Tomita adds 59 new books and eliminates 23 of Scott's original entries. The information here is presented in a user-friendly and uncluttered manner, guided by Philip Gaskell's principles of bibliographical description; the volume includes bibliographical descriptions, tables, graphs, images, and two indices (general and title). In an attempt to restore each book to its original status, each entry is concerned not only with the physical book, but with the human elements guiding it through production: the relationship with the author, editor, translator, publisher, book-seller, and patron are all recounted as important players in the exploration of cultural significance. Renaissance Anglo-Italian relations were marked by both patriotism and xenophobia; this catalogue provides reliable and comprehensive information about books and publication as well as concrete evidence of what elements of Italian culture the English responded to and how Italian culture was acclimatized into Elizabethan England.
Machiavelli
Author: Joseph Theodoor Leerssen
Publisher: Rodopi
ISBN: 9789051839876
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
ISBN 9051839960 (paperback) NLG 30.00 From the contents: The serpent and the dove: political counsel in Machiavelli and Erasmus (Dominic Baker-Smith).- Le Machiavel de Rousseau: politique et religion (Annie Jourdan).- Machivelli and the German world (Dina Aristodemo).- Fortuna and the constitution (W.T. Eijsbouts).- Reputazione in Machiavelli's thought (Tiziano Perez). (Barbara Arizti Martin).
Publisher: Rodopi
ISBN: 9789051839876
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
ISBN 9051839960 (paperback) NLG 30.00 From the contents: The serpent and the dove: political counsel in Machiavelli and Erasmus (Dominic Baker-Smith).- Le Machiavel de Rousseau: politique et religion (Annie Jourdan).- Machivelli and the German world (Dina Aristodemo).- Fortuna and the constitution (W.T. Eijsbouts).- Reputazione in Machiavelli's thought (Tiziano Perez). (Barbara Arizti Martin).
Performing National Identity
Author: Manfred Pfister
Publisher: Rodopi
ISBN: 9042023147
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Book Description
National identity is not some naturally given or metaphysically sanctioned racial or territorial essence that only needs to be conceptualised or spelt out in discursive texts; it emerges from, takes shape in, and is constantly defined and redefined in individual and collective performances. It is in performances'ranging from the scenarios of everyday interactions to `cultural performances? such as pageants, festivals, political manifestations or sports, to the artistic performances of music, dance, theatre, literature, the visual and culinary arts and more recent media'that cultural identity and a sense of nationhood are fashioned. National identity is not an essence one is born with but something acquired in and through performances.Particularly important here are intercultural performances and transactions, and that not only in a colonial and postcolonial dimension, where such performative aspects have already been considered, but also in inner-European transactions. `Englishness? or `Britishness? and Italianita, the subject of this anthology, are staged both within each culture and, more importantly, in joint performances of difference across cultural borders. Performing difference highlights differences that `make a difference?; it `draws a line? between self and other'boundary lines that are, however, constantly being redrawn and renegotiated, and remain instable and shifting.ContentsManfred PFISTER: Introduction: Performing National Identity1. Early Modern Literary ExchangesWerner VON KOPPENFELS: `Stripping up his sleeves like some juggler?: Giordano Brunoin England, or, The Philosopher as Stylistic Mountebank Ralf HERTEL: `Mine Italian brain ?gan in your duller Britain operate most vilely?: Cymbeline and the Deconstruction of Anglo-Italian Differences 2. Italian and English Art in DialogueJohn PEACOCK: Inigo Jones and the Reform of Italian Art Alison YARRINGTON: `Made in Italy?: Sculpture and the Staging of National Identities at the International Exhibition of 1862 3. Travelling ImagesBarbara SCHAFF: Italianised Byron ? Byronised Italy Fabienne MOINE: Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Italian Poetry: Constructing National Identity and Shaping the Poetic Self Stephen GUNDLE: The `Bella Italiana? and the `English Rose?: Reflections on Two National Typologies of Feminine Beauty 4. Political NegotiationsPamela NEVILLE-SINGTON: Sex, Lies, and Celluloid: That Hamilton Woman and British Attitudes towards the Italians from the Risorgimento to the Second World War Peter VASSALLO: Italian Culture versus British Pragmatics: The Maltese Scenario David FORGACS: Gramsci's Notion of the `Popular? in Italy and Britain: A Tale of Two Cultures 179Carla DENTE: Personal Memory / Cultural Memory: Identity and Difference in Scottish-Italian Migrant Theatre5. Contemporary MediationsClaudio VISENTIN: The Theatre of the World: British-Italian Identities on the Tourism Stage Judith MUNAT: Bias and Stereotypes in the Media: The Performance of British and Italian National Identities Sara SONCINI: Re-locating Shakespeare: Cultural Negotiations in Italian Dubbed Versions of Romeo and JulietMariangela TEMPERA: Something to Declare: Italian Avengers and British Culture in La ragazza con la pistola and Appuntamento a Liverpool Anthony KING: English Fans and Italian Football: Towards a Transnational Relationship Greg WALKER: Selling England (and Italy) by the Pound: Performing National Identity in the First Phase of Progressive Rock: Jethro Tull, King Crimson, and PFM Gisela ECKER: Zuppa Inglese and Eating up Italy: Intercultural Feasts and Fantasies Notes on Contributors
Publisher: Rodopi
ISBN: 9042023147
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Book Description
National identity is not some naturally given or metaphysically sanctioned racial or territorial essence that only needs to be conceptualised or spelt out in discursive texts; it emerges from, takes shape in, and is constantly defined and redefined in individual and collective performances. It is in performances'ranging from the scenarios of everyday interactions to `cultural performances? such as pageants, festivals, political manifestations or sports, to the artistic performances of music, dance, theatre, literature, the visual and culinary arts and more recent media'that cultural identity and a sense of nationhood are fashioned. National identity is not an essence one is born with but something acquired in and through performances.Particularly important here are intercultural performances and transactions, and that not only in a colonial and postcolonial dimension, where such performative aspects have already been considered, but also in inner-European transactions. `Englishness? or `Britishness? and Italianita, the subject of this anthology, are staged both within each culture and, more importantly, in joint performances of difference across cultural borders. Performing difference highlights differences that `make a difference?; it `draws a line? between self and other'boundary lines that are, however, constantly being redrawn and renegotiated, and remain instable and shifting.ContentsManfred PFISTER: Introduction: Performing National Identity1. Early Modern Literary ExchangesWerner VON KOPPENFELS: `Stripping up his sleeves like some juggler?: Giordano Brunoin England, or, The Philosopher as Stylistic Mountebank Ralf HERTEL: `Mine Italian brain ?gan in your duller Britain operate most vilely?: Cymbeline and the Deconstruction of Anglo-Italian Differences 2. Italian and English Art in DialogueJohn PEACOCK: Inigo Jones and the Reform of Italian Art Alison YARRINGTON: `Made in Italy?: Sculpture and the Staging of National Identities at the International Exhibition of 1862 3. Travelling ImagesBarbara SCHAFF: Italianised Byron ? Byronised Italy Fabienne MOINE: Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Italian Poetry: Constructing National Identity and Shaping the Poetic Self Stephen GUNDLE: The `Bella Italiana? and the `English Rose?: Reflections on Two National Typologies of Feminine Beauty 4. Political NegotiationsPamela NEVILLE-SINGTON: Sex, Lies, and Celluloid: That Hamilton Woman and British Attitudes towards the Italians from the Risorgimento to the Second World War Peter VASSALLO: Italian Culture versus British Pragmatics: The Maltese Scenario David FORGACS: Gramsci's Notion of the `Popular? in Italy and Britain: A Tale of Two Cultures 179Carla DENTE: Personal Memory / Cultural Memory: Identity and Difference in Scottish-Italian Migrant Theatre5. Contemporary MediationsClaudio VISENTIN: The Theatre of the World: British-Italian Identities on the Tourism Stage Judith MUNAT: Bias and Stereotypes in the Media: The Performance of British and Italian National Identities Sara SONCINI: Re-locating Shakespeare: Cultural Negotiations in Italian Dubbed Versions of Romeo and JulietMariangela TEMPERA: Something to Declare: Italian Avengers and British Culture in La ragazza con la pistola and Appuntamento a Liverpool Anthony KING: English Fans and Italian Football: Towards a Transnational Relationship Greg WALKER: Selling England (and Italy) by the Pound: Performing National Identity in the First Phase of Progressive Rock: Jethro Tull, King Crimson, and PFM Gisela ECKER: Zuppa Inglese and Eating up Italy: Intercultural Feasts and Fantasies Notes on Contributors
The Shakespearean International Yearbook
Author: Graham Bradshaw
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135196352X
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
This eighth volume of The Shakespearean International Yearbook presents a special section on 'European Shakespeares', proceeding from the claim that Shakespeare's literary craft was not just native English or British, but was filtered and fashioned through a Renaissance awareness that needs to be recognized as European, and that has had effects and afterlives across the Continent. Guest editors Ton Hoenselaars and Clara Calvo have constructed this section to highlight both how the spread of 'Shakespeare' throughout Europe has brought together the energies of a wide variety of European cultures across several centuries, and how the inclusion of Shakespeare in European culture has been not only a European but also a world affair. The Shakespearean International Yearbook continues to provide an annual survey of important issues and developments in contemporary Shakespeare studies. Contributors to this issue come from the US and the UK, Spain, Switzerland and South Africa, Canada, The Netherlands, India, Portugal, Greece, France, and Hungary. In addition to the section on European Shakespeares, this volume includes essays on the genre of romance, issues of character, and other topics.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135196352X
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
This eighth volume of The Shakespearean International Yearbook presents a special section on 'European Shakespeares', proceeding from the claim that Shakespeare's literary craft was not just native English or British, but was filtered and fashioned through a Renaissance awareness that needs to be recognized as European, and that has had effects and afterlives across the Continent. Guest editors Ton Hoenselaars and Clara Calvo have constructed this section to highlight both how the spread of 'Shakespeare' throughout Europe has brought together the energies of a wide variety of European cultures across several centuries, and how the inclusion of Shakespeare in European culture has been not only a European but also a world affair. The Shakespearean International Yearbook continues to provide an annual survey of important issues and developments in contemporary Shakespeare studies. Contributors to this issue come from the US and the UK, Spain, Switzerland and South Africa, Canada, The Netherlands, India, Portugal, Greece, France, and Hungary. In addition to the section on European Shakespeares, this volume includes essays on the genre of romance, issues of character, and other topics.
Producing Early Modern London
Author: Kelly J. Stage
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 1496204875
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Book Description
Early seventeenth-century London playwrights used actual locations in their comedies while simultaneously exploring London as an imagined, ephemeral, urban space. Producing Early Modern London examines this tension between representing place and producing urban space. In analyzing the theater's use of city spaces and places, Kelly J. Stage shows how the satirical comedies of the early seventeenth century came to embody the city as the city embodied the plays. Stage focuses on city plays by George Chapman, Thomas Dekker, William Haughton, Ben Jonson, John Marston, Thomas Middleton, and John Webster. While the conventional labels of "city comedy" or "citizen comedy" have often been applied to these plays, she argues that London comedies defy these genre categorizations because the ruptures, expansions, conflicts, and imperfections of the expanding city became a part of their form. Rather than defining the "city comedy," comedy in this period proved to be the genre of London. As the expansion of London's social space exceeded the strict confines of the "square mile," the city burgeoned into a new metropolis. The satiric comedies of this period became, in effect, playgrounds for urban experimentation. Early seventeenth-century playwrights seized the opportunity to explore the myriad ways in which London worked, taking the expected--a romance plot, a typical father-son conflict, a cross-dressing intrigue--and turning it into a multifaceted, complex story of interaction and proximity.
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 1496204875
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 424
Book Description
Early seventeenth-century London playwrights used actual locations in their comedies while simultaneously exploring London as an imagined, ephemeral, urban space. Producing Early Modern London examines this tension between representing place and producing urban space. In analyzing the theater's use of city spaces and places, Kelly J. Stage shows how the satirical comedies of the early seventeenth century came to embody the city as the city embodied the plays. Stage focuses on city plays by George Chapman, Thomas Dekker, William Haughton, Ben Jonson, John Marston, Thomas Middleton, and John Webster. While the conventional labels of "city comedy" or "citizen comedy" have often been applied to these plays, she argues that London comedies defy these genre categorizations because the ruptures, expansions, conflicts, and imperfections of the expanding city became a part of their form. Rather than defining the "city comedy," comedy in this period proved to be the genre of London. As the expansion of London's social space exceeded the strict confines of the "square mile," the city burgeoned into a new metropolis. The satiric comedies of this period became, in effect, playgrounds for urban experimentation. Early seventeenth-century playwrights seized the opportunity to explore the myriad ways in which London worked, taking the expected--a romance plot, a typical father-son conflict, a cross-dressing intrigue--and turning it into a multifaceted, complex story of interaction and proximity.
Shakespeare, Politics, and Italy
Author: Michael J. Redmond
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317056191
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
The use of Italian culture in the Jacobean theatre was never an isolated gesture. In considering the ideological repercussions of references to Italy in prominent works by Shakespeare and his contemporaries, Michael J. Redmond argues that early modern intertextuality was a dynamic process of allusion, quotation, and revision. Beyond any individual narrative source, Redmond foregrounds the fundamental role of Italian textual precedents in the staging of domestic anxieties about state crisis, nationalism, and court intrigue. By focusing on the self-conscious, overt rehearsal of existing texts and genres, the book offers a new approach to the intertextual strategies of early modern English political drama. The pervasive circulation of Cinquecento political theorists like Machiavelli, Castiglione, and Guicciardini combined with recurrent English representations of Italy to ensure that the negotiation with previous writing formed an integral part of the dramatic agendas of period plays.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317056191
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
The use of Italian culture in the Jacobean theatre was never an isolated gesture. In considering the ideological repercussions of references to Italy in prominent works by Shakespeare and his contemporaries, Michael J. Redmond argues that early modern intertextuality was a dynamic process of allusion, quotation, and revision. Beyond any individual narrative source, Redmond foregrounds the fundamental role of Italian textual precedents in the staging of domestic anxieties about state crisis, nationalism, and court intrigue. By focusing on the self-conscious, overt rehearsal of existing texts and genres, the book offers a new approach to the intertextual strategies of early modern English political drama. The pervasive circulation of Cinquecento political theorists like Machiavelli, Castiglione, and Guicciardini combined with recurrent English representations of Italy to ensure that the negotiation with previous writing formed an integral part of the dramatic agendas of period plays.
Early Modern Theatre and the Figure of Disability
Author: Genevieve Love
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350017221
Category : Drama
Languages : en
Pages : 225
Book Description
What work did physically disabled characters do for the early modern theatre? Through a consideration of a range of plays, including Doctor Faustus and Richard III, Genevieve Love argues that the figure of the physically disabled prosthetic body in early modern English theatre mediates a set of related 'likeness problems' that structure the theatrical, textual, and critical lives of the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. The figure of disability stands for the relationship between actor and character: prosthetic disabled characters with names such as Cripple and Stump capture the simultaneous presence of thefictional and the material, embodied world of the theatre. When the figure of the disabled body exits the stage, it also mediates a second problem of likeness, between plays in their performed and textual forms. While supposedly imperfect textual versions of plays have been characterized as 'lame', the dynamic movement of prosthetic disabled characters in the theatre expands the figural role which disability performs in the relationship between plays on the stage and on the page. Early Modern Theatre and the Figure of Disability reveals how attention to physical disability enriches our understanding of early modern ideas about how theatre works, while illuminating in turn how theatre offers a reframing of disability as metaphor.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350017221
Category : Drama
Languages : en
Pages : 225
Book Description
What work did physically disabled characters do for the early modern theatre? Through a consideration of a range of plays, including Doctor Faustus and Richard III, Genevieve Love argues that the figure of the physically disabled prosthetic body in early modern English theatre mediates a set of related 'likeness problems' that structure the theatrical, textual, and critical lives of the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. The figure of disability stands for the relationship between actor and character: prosthetic disabled characters with names such as Cripple and Stump capture the simultaneous presence of thefictional and the material, embodied world of the theatre. When the figure of the disabled body exits the stage, it also mediates a second problem of likeness, between plays in their performed and textual forms. While supposedly imperfect textual versions of plays have been characterized as 'lame', the dynamic movement of prosthetic disabled characters in the theatre expands the figural role which disability performs in the relationship between plays on the stage and on the page. Early Modern Theatre and the Figure of Disability reveals how attention to physical disability enriches our understanding of early modern ideas about how theatre works, while illuminating in turn how theatre offers a reframing of disability as metaphor.
Digital Humanities and the Lost Drama of Early Modern England
Author: Matthew Steggle
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317150791
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 213
Book Description
This book establishes new information about the likely content of ten lost plays from the period 1580-1642. These plays’ authors include Nashe, Heywood, and Dekker; and the plays themselves connect in direct ways to some of the most canonical dramas of English literature, including Hamlet, King Lear, The Changeling, and The Duchess of Malfi. The lost plays in question are: Terminus & Non Terminus (1586-8); Richard the Confessor (1593); Cutlack (1594); Bellendon (1594); Truth's Supplication to Candlelight (1600); Albere Galles (1602); Henry the Una (c. 1619); The Angel King (1624); The Duchess of Fernandina (c. 1630-42); and The Cardinal's Conspiracy (bef. 1639). From this list of bare titles, it is argued, can be reconstructed comedies, tragedies, and histories, whose leading characters included a saint, a robber, a Medici duchess, an impotent king, at least one pope, and an angel. In each case, newly-available digital research resources make it possible to interrogate the title and to identify the play's subject-matter, analogues, and likely genre. But these concrete examples raise wider theoretical problems: What is a lost play? What can, and cannot, be said about objects in this problematic category? Known lost plays from the early modern commercial theatre outnumber extant plays from that theatre: but how, in practice, can one investigate them? This book offers an innovative theoretical and practical frame for such work, putting digital humanities into action in the emerging field of lost play studies.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317150791
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 213
Book Description
This book establishes new information about the likely content of ten lost plays from the period 1580-1642. These plays’ authors include Nashe, Heywood, and Dekker; and the plays themselves connect in direct ways to some of the most canonical dramas of English literature, including Hamlet, King Lear, The Changeling, and The Duchess of Malfi. The lost plays in question are: Terminus & Non Terminus (1586-8); Richard the Confessor (1593); Cutlack (1594); Bellendon (1594); Truth's Supplication to Candlelight (1600); Albere Galles (1602); Henry the Una (c. 1619); The Angel King (1624); The Duchess of Fernandina (c. 1630-42); and The Cardinal's Conspiracy (bef. 1639). From this list of bare titles, it is argued, can be reconstructed comedies, tragedies, and histories, whose leading characters included a saint, a robber, a Medici duchess, an impotent king, at least one pope, and an angel. In each case, newly-available digital research resources make it possible to interrogate the title and to identify the play's subject-matter, analogues, and likely genre. But these concrete examples raise wider theoretical problems: What is a lost play? What can, and cannot, be said about objects in this problematic category? Known lost plays from the early modern commercial theatre outnumber extant plays from that theatre: but how, in practice, can one investigate them? This book offers an innovative theoretical and practical frame for such work, putting digital humanities into action in the emerging field of lost play studies.
Doing Kyd
Author: Nicoleta Cinpoes
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 1526108941
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
Doing Kyd reads Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy, the box-office and print success of its time, as the play that established the revenge genre in England and served as a ‘pattern and precedent’ for the golden generation of early modern playwrights, from Marlowe and Shakespeare to Middleton, Webster and Ford. Interdisciplinary in approach and accessible in style, this collection is crucial in two respects: firstly, it has a wide spectrum, addressing readers with interests in the play from its early impact as the first sixteenth-century revenge tragedy, to its afterlife in print, on the stage, in screen adaptation and bibliographical studies. Secondly, the collection appears at a time when Kyd and his play are back in the spotlight, through renewed critical interest, several new stage productions between 2009 and 2013, and its firm presence in higher-education curriculum for English and drama.
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 1526108941
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
Doing Kyd reads Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy, the box-office and print success of its time, as the play that established the revenge genre in England and served as a ‘pattern and precedent’ for the golden generation of early modern playwrights, from Marlowe and Shakespeare to Middleton, Webster and Ford. Interdisciplinary in approach and accessible in style, this collection is crucial in two respects: firstly, it has a wide spectrum, addressing readers with interests in the play from its early impact as the first sixteenth-century revenge tragedy, to its afterlife in print, on the stage, in screen adaptation and bibliographical studies. Secondly, the collection appears at a time when Kyd and his play are back in the spotlight, through renewed critical interest, several new stage productions between 2009 and 2013, and its firm presence in higher-education curriculum for English and drama.