Identifying Microclimatic and Water Flow Triggers Associated with Breeding Activities of a Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana Boylii) Population on the North Fork Feather River, California PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Identifying Microclimatic and Water Flow Triggers Associated with Breeding Activities of a Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana Boylii) Population on the North Fork Feather River, California PDF full book. Access full book title Identifying Microclimatic and Water Flow Triggers Associated with Breeding Activities of a Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana Boylii) Population on the North Fork Feather River, California by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 78
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 78
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Foothill yellow-legged frog
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Sarah Kupferberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frogs
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Clara A. Wheeler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Foothill yellow-legged frog
Languages : en
Pages : 84
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Amy Jo Lind
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 372
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Ryan M. Bourque
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Foothill yellow-legged frog
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Foothill yellow-legged frog
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Trinity River (Calif.).
Languages : en
Pages : 37
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: David J. Paoletti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amphibian declines
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Get Book Here
Book Description
The consequences of species introductions into non-native habitats are a major cause of concern in the U.S. An introduced species may alter native habitats, cause economic damage, compete with natives for resources or prey on them. Of particular interest are the effects of predation by introduced fishes on native amphibians. Amphibians as a group have been declining worldwide due to a variety of factors, one of which being introduced species. In the Pacific Northwest of the U.S., one example of these declining amphibians is the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii). In Oregon, R. boylii has disappeared from more than half of its historical sites and is now listed as a state and federal Sensitive Species. Although specific causes have not been determined, declines may be partly attributed to the recent introduction of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) to some of the river systems in which these frogs live. Although smallmouth bass have been implicated as a cause of losses, very little is known about interactions between these two species. Given the relatively short period of time these two species have been co-existing, we sought to determine whether R. boylii larvae could even recognize bass as a predatory threat. Through a series of experiments, we examined the behavioral responses of larvae to a variety of stimuli including a native potential predator (rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa), introduced predator (smallmouth bass, M. dolomieu), and a native non-predatory fish (speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus). Each experiment examined a different potential mode of detection: 1) chemical cues only; 2) visual cues only; or 3) a combination of chemical/visual/mechanical cues simultaneously. We predicted that in each experiment, larvae would respond to the native predator by exhibiting antipredator behaviors, whereas those exposed to cues of the non-native, unfamiliar predator would display activity levels similar to larvae exposed to controls. In addition, we tested amphibian larvae from two populations - one where they co-occur with M. dolomieu, and compared them to larvae from a location where M. dolomieu has not yet invaded - to determine whether any antipredator responses observed were recently developed behavioral adaptations. We analyzed initial and overall responses to stimuli. Our analyses of the initial responses of R. boylii larvae revealed an increase in activity when exposed to the visual cues of bass relative to controls. Furthermore, our results suggested that individual R. boylii larvae require multiple cues to facilitate predator detection. When exposed to multiple cues of their native predator, the rough-skinned newt, larvae responded with a significant reduction in activity levels. Those larvae exposed to cues of the non-native predator, smallmouth bass, displayed similar behaviors relative to control cues, supporting our prediction. Consequently, foothill yellow-legged frog larvae appear to be especially vulnerable to predation by non-native smallmouth bass.
Author: Ryan A. Peek
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438929456
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Rana boylii is an imperiled frog species native to CA and OR, and it is currently designated as a species of special concern in the state of CA. It has been petitioned as candidate for federal (USFWS) and state (CDFW) listing. As a lotic breeding amphibian, R. boylii is tied closely to local flow regimes in the watersheds it inhabits and is therefore particularly sensitive to alterations to the natural flow regime. Effective conservation management of this species should consider and prioritize maintenance of genetic diversity as part of any listing decision because it is closely related to the evolutionary capacity for adaptation to environmental change. Conservation of genetic diversity in this species will require several components, including refining potential conservation units (i.e., distinct population segments) and quantifying of genetic diversity and genetic diversity trajectories across the species range. To assess these components, fine-scale and landscape-scale analyses were conducted using genomic data from over 600 samples from 89 localities across the range of the species. Six genomically-distinct groups were identified, as well as population subdivisions at local watershed scales. One major impact on R. boylii populations has been river regulation. River regulation has been implicated as a cause of fundamental changes to downstream aquatic ecosystems. Regulation changes the natural flow regime which may restrict population connectivity and decrease genetic diversity in some species. Since population connectivity and the maintenance of genetic diversity are fundamental drivers of long-term persistence, understanding the extent that river regulation impacts these critical attributes of genetic health is an important goal. However, the extent to which R. boylii populations in regulated rivers have maintained connectivity and genetic diversity is unknown. The impacts of river regulation on R. boylii were investigated with genomic data to explore the potential for long-term persistence of R. boylii under continued regulation. R. boylii in regulated rivers showed striking patterns of isolation and trajectories of genetic diversity loss relative to unregulated rivers. For example, river regulation explained the greatest amount of variance in population genetic differentiation compared with other covariates including geographic distance. Importantly, patterns of connectivity and genetic diversity loss were observed regardless of regulation level but were most prominent in locations with the greatest regulation intensity. Using the same genomic data, fine-scale analyses of R. boylii and R. sierrae in a single region of the Sierra Nevada of California was conducted to evaluate the potential for hybridization between species. Hybridization between species may combine parental genotypes in ways that yield reproductively sterile or isolated lineages, and hybridization events may be short-lived and difficult to detect. Limited hybridization between the species was detected in the Feather basin, though it appears these are terminal events based on PCA, admixture, and tests of heterozygosity using species diagnostic SNPs. Finally, rangewide quantification and comparison of genomic variation across populations indicates the southern coast, southern Sierra Nevada, Northern Sierra Nevada, and Feather basin in California should have high prioritization in conservation efforts due to low genomic diversity and trajectories of diversity loss. More broadly, these results demonstrate both the critical need for regional conservation in a sentinel river species, and the utility and power of genetic methods for assessing and monitoring sensitive species across many scales.
