Identification of Quantitative Trait Genes Affecting Production Traits in Dairy Cattle PDF Download
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Author: Stacy D. Leonard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Author: Stacy D. Leonard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Author: Adrienne Britton Kurtz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Author: D.C. Rao
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080569110
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 788
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Book Description
The field of genetics is rapidly evolving and new medical breakthroughs are occuring as a result of advances in knowledge of genetics. This series continually publishes important reviews of the broadest interest to geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines. Five sections on the latest advances in complex traits Methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications Hot topics include discussions on systems biology approach to drug discovery; using comparative genomics for detecting human disease genes; computationally intensive challenges, and more
Author: Jenifer Cruickshank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Author: Cedric Gondro
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781627034463
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
With the detailed genomic information that is now becoming available, we have a plethora of data that allows researchers to address questions in a variety of areas. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a vital approach to identify candidate regions associated with complex diseases in human medicine, production traits in agriculture, and variation in wild populations. Genomic prediction goes a step further, attempting to predict phenotypic variation in these traits from genomic information. Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Prediction pulls together expert contributions to address this important area of study. The volume begins with a section covering the phenotypes of interest as well as design issues for GWAS, then moves on to discuss efficient computational methods to store and handle large datasets, quality control measures, phasing, haplotype inference, and imputation. Later chapters deal with statistical approaches to data analysis where the experimental objective is either to confirm the biology by identifying genomic regions associated to a trait or to use the data to make genomic predictions about a future phenotypic outcome (e.g. predict onset of disease). As part of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters provide helpful, real-world implementation advice.
Author: Joel Ira Weller
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1845937341
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) is a topic of major agricultural significance for efficient livestock production. This book covers various statistical methods that have been used or proposed for detection and analysis of QTL and marker-and gene-assisted selection in animal genetics and breeding.
Author: Thomas Lopdell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Background Bovine milk is an important source of human nutrition. It is understood that milk production is under considerable genetic control, and our knowledge of the genes and variants underlying this regulation is incomplete. In most farming systems, germplasm is delivered by artificial insemination, enabling the rapid distribution of high-quality genetics across a population. The purpose of this study was to add to our ability to predict the best available cattle from their genomes, in order to increase the rate of genetic gain for economically-important traits such as milk production and growth. The work presented herein used high-depth RNAseq data, derived from RNA extracted from mammary biopsies of 411 lactating cows. Molecular phenotypes were developed, enabling the identification of candidate genes that influence lactation and body size, contributing to the improvement in accuracy of genetically informed phenotypic selection in dairy cattle. Results As a first step, I developed phenotypes for gene expression measured both from unspliced pre-mRNA and from mature mRNA, as well as splicing efficiency. These were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for intron-expression (ieQTL: n=554), exon-expression (eQTL: n=2,699), and splicing efficiency (seQTL: n=170). Further investigation linked these molecular QTL to multiple milk and body size QTL. Further studies found additional eQTL signals for lactose phenotypes at twelve loci across the genome, and identified MATN3 as a candidate causative gene for a stature QTL on chromosome 11. I also identified 2,413 RNA editing sites in 649 genes. Developing these into an additional molecular phenotype yielded editing QTL (edQTL) affecting 187 sites in 89 genes. At fifteen sites, edQTL were co-regulated with significant cis-eQTL, implying effects of editing on levels of mature mRNA transcripts for the genes containing these sites. In another study, I combined both eQTL and edQTL methodologies to investigate a complex pleiotropic region on chromosome 5, highlighting CSF2RB as the likely causative gene underlying at least some of the milk QTL present at this locus. In the final study, I conducted a study to test the phenotypic predictive ability of variants that tag eQTL compared to existing variant sets, demonstrating the possible improvement they can provide in total animal selection prediction accuracy relative to currently-used methods. Conclusions Several molecular phenotypes were developed, and numerous QTL discovered. A subset of these were co-regulated with eQTL or edQTL, highlighting potential causative genes operating via regulatory mechanisms. Tag variants for eQTL related to milk production pathways provided a potential route to improve prediction accuracy in animal breeding.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251057179
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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A comprehensive description and assessment of the use of marker-assisted selection for increasing the rate of genetic gain in crops, livestock, forestry and fish, including the related policy, FAO's tradition of dealing with issues of importance to agricultural and economic development in a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral manner.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Continued genetic improvement for milk production has been associated with decreased fertility in US Holstein cattle. A previous study (Ashwell et al., 2004) identified a putative quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting daughter pregnancy rate at 54 cM on chromosome 18 in one Holstein grandsire family. The goal of this research is to determine the validity of the putative QTL using additional markers and an extended pedigree. Thirteen microsatellite markers located throughout the chromosome were genotyped in 973 animals that were descendants of the original grandsire in which the QTL was identified. Sons of the grandsire as well as six grandson and six great-grandson families of the original grandsire were selected for this study (range of 16 to 169 sons per family). In analysis of the sons using QTL Express, the same putative QTL affecting daughter pregnancy rate was detected and placed at 45 cM. In a joint analysis of thirteen of the largest families, each containing 10 or more sons, a significant QTL for daughter pregnancy rate was detected at 27 cM. QTL affecting daughter pregnancy rate was detected in two additional sub-families (Family II-5 and Family III-2), indicating a putative QTL affecting daughter pregnancy rate is most likely segregating within this pedigree. Across-family analysis also detected putative QTL on chromosome 18 affecting productive life at 35 cM, somatic cell score at 33 cM and percent difficult births at 72 cM. Analysis of individual families identified eight significant putative QTL and six suggestive putative QTL at the chromosome-wise level affecting somatic cell score, productive life, calving ease, percent difficult births, milk yield, fat yield, protein yield and fat percent. A complex pedigree analysis is underway to make full use of statistical power to refine the QTL region affecting fertility. Further verification of the QTL effects identified in this study will allow identification of positional candidate genes to be applied i.
Author: Lena Andersson-Eklund
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemical markers
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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