Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air Samples from Zarqa City, Jordan, Using High Resolution Laser Excited Luminescence Spectroscopy Combined with Shpolskii Matrix Technique \\ Jordan Journal of Chemistry .- 2012, Vol. 7, No. 3, P PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air Samples from Zarqa City, Jordan, Using High Resolution Laser Excited Luminescence Spectroscopy Combined with Shpolskii Matrix Technique \\ Jordan Journal of Chemistry .- 2012, Vol. 7, No. 3, P PDF full book. Access full book title Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air Samples from Zarqa City, Jordan, Using High Resolution Laser Excited Luminescence Spectroscopy Combined with Shpolskii Matrix Technique \\ Jordan Journal of Chemistry .- 2012, Vol. 7, No. 3, P by Yaser A. Yousef. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Yaser A. Yousef
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Author: Yaser A. Yousef
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Author: Wang Huiyong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Extraction (Chemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Author: Jean-Baptiste Donnet
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135146261X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
The second edition of this reference provides comprehensive examinations of developments in the processing and applications of carbon black, including the use of new analytical tools such as scanning tunnelling microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and inverse gas chromatography.;Completely rewritten and updated by numerous experts in the field to reflect the enormous growth of the field since the publication of the previous edition, Carbon Black: discusses the mechanism of carbon black formation based on recent advances such as the discovery of fullerenes; elucidates micro- and macrostructure morphology and other physical characteristics; outlines the fractal geometry of carbon black as a new approach to characterization; reviews the effect of carbon black on the electrical and thermal conductivity of filled polymers; delineates the applications of carbon black in elastomers, plastics, and zerographic toners; and surveys possible health consequences of exposure to carbon black.;With over 1200 literature citations, tables, and figures, this resource is intended for physical, polymer, surface and colloid chemists; chemical and plastics engineers; spectroscopists; materials scientists; occupational safety and health physicians; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Author: A. Léger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400947763
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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The near Infra-Red emission of the Interstellar Medium is a very puzzling subject. In the brightest regions, where spectroscopic observa tions are possible from the ground, several bands (3.3 - 3.4 - 6.2 - 7.7 - 8.6 - 11.3 ~m) have been observed since 1973. The absence of satisfying explanation was so obvious that they were called "Unidenti fied IR Emission Bands". The puzzle still increased when were known the first results of the general IR sky survey made by the satellite IRAS. On a large scale, the near IR emission of the Interstellar medium was expected to be very small but it was observed to be about one third of the total IR emission for our own galaxy ..• The situation has moved in 1984 when it was suggested that a class of stable organic molecules, the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's) could be at the origin of this near IR emission. Initially based on the required refractory character of particules that should be heated to high temperature without subliming, this hypothesis leads to a sugges tive spectroscopic similarity with the observed astronomical bands. This hypothesis is attractive and it has many implications, for ins tance, the PAHs would be the most abundant organic molecules in the universe. However, many points have to be clarified and the different consequences of this suggestion should be explored.
Author: Kazuichi Hayakawa
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811067759
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 267
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Book Description
This book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.
Author: Walter B. Wilson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Additional work related to the development of methodology for the analysis of PAHs has been reported in the following publications: H. Wang, W.B. Wilson and A.D. Campiglia*, Using gold nanoparticles to improve the recovery and the limits of detection for the analysis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Chromatogr. A. 2009, 1216, 5793-5799. H. Wang, G. Knobel, W.B. Wilson, K. Calimag-Williams and A.D. Campiglia*, Gold nanoparticles deposited capillaries for in-capillary microextraction capillary zone electrophoresis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Electrophoresis, 2011, 32, 720-727. A.A. Costa, W.B. Wilson, H. Wang, A.D. Campiglia*, J.A. Dias and S.C.L. Dias, Comparison of BEA, USY and ZSM-5 for the quantitative extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples, Micro. Meso. Mater. 2012, 149, 186-192. W.B. Wilson, A.A. Costa, H. Wang, J.A. Dias, S.C.L. Dias and A.D. Campiglia, Analytical evaluation of BEA zeolite for the pre-concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent chromatographic analysis in water samples, Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 733, 103-109. W.B. Wilson, E.C. Heider, A.D. Campiglia, and F. Barbosa, Low-temperature multidimensional luminescence spectroscopy for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds, Current Topics in Anal. Chem. 2012, 9, 1-23. W.B. Wilson, A.A. Costa, H. Wang, J.A. Dias, S.C.L. Dias and A.D. Campiglia*, Pre-concentration of water samples via BEA zeolites for the direct determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with laser-excited time-resolved Shpol'skii spectroscopy, Microchem. J. 2013, 110, 246-255.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pollutants
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Author: Harold Valentin Malle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Laser spectroscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Author:
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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