Identification and Genetic Characterization of Hessian Fly Resistance in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat PDF Download
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Author: Tao Wang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549032984
Category : Hessian fly
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
The Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) is a destructive pest of wheat and is widely distributed throughout most wheat-growing regions of the world. Host plant resistance has been considered the most effective approach to manage this pest in wheat. Aegilops tauschii Cosson, the D genome donor of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a useful source of Hessian fly resistance. Production of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SW) lines is a practical way to transfer desirable traits from Ae. tauschii to bread wheat. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and identify Hessian fly resistance in SW lines and to genetically characterize the resistant genes through allelism tests and molecular mapping. In the first part of this study, 114 elite SW lines produced by the Wide Hybridization Program at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, CIMMYT) along with their durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum) parents were evaluated for resistance to Hessian fly biotype Great Plains (GP). Among evaluated lines, 37 were resistant, and they should be useful in developing resistant cultivars and in genetic studies of Hessian fly resistance genes. In the second part of the study, strain vH13 (virulent to H13) was used, and lines SW8 and SW34 were mapped for resistance genes originating from Ae. tauschii. Allelism tests indicated that the resistance genes in SW8 and SW34 may be allelic to H26 and H13, or correspond to paralogs at both loci, respectively. Bulk segregation analyses and genetic mapping with molecular markers were conducted in two F2 mapping populations derived from a Hessian fly susceptible SW line (SW11) with SW8 and SW34, respectively. In this study, the H26 locus was assigned to chromosome 3D through molecular analyses rather than 4D as was previously determined by monosomic analyses. Linkage analysis and physical mapping positioned the H26 locus to chromosomal deletion bin 3DL3-0.81-1.00. Mapping of the resistance gene in SW34 verified the previous assignment of the H13 locus to chromosome 6D.
Author: Tao Wang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549032984
Category : Hessian fly
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
The Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) is a destructive pest of wheat and is widely distributed throughout most wheat-growing regions of the world. Host plant resistance has been considered the most effective approach to manage this pest in wheat. Aegilops tauschii Cosson, the D genome donor of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a useful source of Hessian fly resistance. Production of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SW) lines is a practical way to transfer desirable traits from Ae. tauschii to bread wheat. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and identify Hessian fly resistance in SW lines and to genetically characterize the resistant genes through allelism tests and molecular mapping. In the first part of this study, 114 elite SW lines produced by the Wide Hybridization Program at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, CIMMYT) along with their durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum) parents were evaluated for resistance to Hessian fly biotype Great Plains (GP). Among evaluated lines, 37 were resistant, and they should be useful in developing resistant cultivars and in genetic studies of Hessian fly resistance genes. In the second part of the study, strain vH13 (virulent to H13) was used, and lines SW8 and SW34 were mapped for resistance genes originating from Ae. tauschii. Allelism tests indicated that the resistance genes in SW8 and SW34 may be allelic to H26 and H13, or correspond to paralogs at both loci, respectively. Bulk segregation analyses and genetic mapping with molecular markers were conducted in two F2 mapping populations derived from a Hessian fly susceptible SW line (SW11) with SW8 and SW34, respectively. In this study, the H26 locus was assigned to chromosome 3D through molecular analyses rather than 4D as was previously determined by monosomic analyses. Linkage analysis and physical mapping positioned the H26 locus to chromosomal deletion bin 3DL3-0.81-1.00. Mapping of the resistance gene in SW34 verified the previous assignment of the H13 locus to chromosome 6D.
Author: Nida Ghori
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Wheat is a staple food crop worldwide and insect damage is a major constraint for its production. Among the insects, Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) is a destructive pest that significantly reduces wheat grain yield. To date, 37 HF resistant genes have been named, but diagnostic markers for these genes are lacking, which hampers their deployment in wheat breeding. HF resistance gene H34 on the short arm of chromosome 6B was one of the genes from a U.S. winter wheat Clark. To finely map H34, a cross was made between two F12 recombinant inbred lines (RIL115-S and RIL118-R) derived from Ning7840 x Clark. RIL118-R carries the resistance allele and RIL118-S carries the susceptibility allele at H34. Screening 286 (RIL115-S x RIL118-R) F3 lines using flanking Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers identified five heterogenous inbred families (HIFs) segregating at H34. The first round of screening of 159 homozygous recombinant plants from five different HIFs using the KASP markers delimited H34 to a 5.0 Mb interval. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of the four pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) from the selected HIFs identified additional SNPs in the H34 region that further narrowed the H34 region to 1.3 Mb after screening 75 additional homozygous recombinant NILs. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the four pairs of NILs identified three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the H34 interval and they were considered as the putative H34 candidate genes for further study. Using the sequences of the DEGs and GBS-SNPs identified in the H34 interval, seven KASP markers were designed and validated to be diagnostic in a US winter wheat panel of 203 lines. These markers can be used in gene pyramiding of H34 with other HF resistance genes using marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the U.S. wheat-breeding programs. Furthermore, studying mechanism of HF resistance in wheat using RNA-seq data revealed that genes encoding defense proteins, stress-regulating transcription factors, and secondary metabolites were strongly up regulated within the first 48 hours of larval feeding, revealing an early defense in resistant wheat plants in response to larval attack. Also, HF feeding on resistant plants triggered the secretions of R-gene receptors by HF to initiate a hypersensitive response (HR) in the plants. This HR response resulted in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to up regulate the downstream genes involved in cell wall fortification and activation of different transcription factors (TFs), which prevents HF to access the nutrients in the resistant plants and eventually results in the death of HF larvae. The new knowledge generated in this study will aid in better understanding of HF-resistant mechanisms and developing new crop improvement strategies to increase HF resistance in wheat.
Author: Tavin Marie Schneider
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hessian fly
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important agricultural commodity crops in Washington. Each year, farmers face various production challenges, including Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], which can lead to devastating crop losses. Resistance genes are the most successful methods to manage and control this insect. Although there are at least 37 known Hessian fly resistance genes (HFR genes), few are deployed in the region, mostly due to a lack of molecular tools to support breeding efforts. Seahawk, a popular soft white spring wheat, contains resistance, but the gene identity is unknown. Using two recombinant inbred populations made from crossing soft white spring wheat cultivar Seahawk to spring club wheat cultivars JD and Melba, we set out to identify the source of resistance in Seahawk and to develop molecular markers that can be used to select for the gene in breeding populations. After acquiring the genetic marker information using Illumina’s 90K SNP technology, we were able to map the resistance gene to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 6B and created three kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers that are effective in selecting for this gene in diverse backgrounds. Utilizing the Seahawk/JD population, we also studied how the wheat bread-making locus (wbm) affects the quality of soft white and club wheat. Soft white wheat and club wheat are produced and milled for their weak gluten properties and high starch contents that result in delicate crumb structures when baked. The wbm gene, however, is known to be associated with increased gluten strength properties and was identified in elite bread-making cultivars. At Washington State, the wbm gene is found at higher than expected frequencies among elite club and soft white wheat varieties. After testing the quality parameters of wbm isolines, we found that the locus does not negatively impact soft white wheat flour or dough properties.
Author: F. H. Valicente
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is an important insect pest of wheat, Triticum spp. Incorporating major Hessian fly resistance genes into wheat cultivars is the primary method of controlling this pest. However, genetic mutations in the Hessian fly have allowed certain genotypes to make this resistance ineffective. Therefore, greater knowledge of this insect's genetics is desirable. Two issues are central to this problem: 1) The anomalous mechanism of sex determination in the Hessian fly is poorly understood, and 2) there is an absence of a well characterized genetic map of the Hessian fly genome. My research addressed both problems. Sex determination in the Hessian fly was investigated using both bulked segregant analysis and individual females in a relatively large (N=92) mapping population. The investigation discovered molecular genetic markers that are tightly linked to each other and an autosomal maternal effect gene (Chromosome maitenance, Cm) that appears to control x chromosome elimination among the offspring of individual females. During the course of this investigation, I found that a previously developed AFLP- based genetic map was useful. The improve its utility further, I used fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to test its precision. The physical positions of selected markers on the map were located on the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of the Hessian fly. This work firmly established chromosome-linkage group correlations in the Hessian fly, and identified problems in the map. In the process, molecular markers that can be used to identify each Hessian fly chromosome were developed.
Author: Robert E. Allan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author: Yasunari Ogihara
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431556753
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251305269
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
This paper provides guidelines for new high-throughput screening methods – both phenotypic and genotypic – to enable the detection of rare mutant traits, and reviews techniques for increasing the efficiency of crop mutation breeding.
Author: Márta Molnár-Láng
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319234943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 387
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Book Description
This book provides an overview of the latest advancements in the field of alien introgression in wheat. The discovery and wide application of molecular genetic techniques including molecular markers, in situ hybridization, and genomics has led to a surge in interspecific and intergeneric hybridization in recent decades. The work begins with the taxonomy of cereals, especially of those species which are potential gene sources for wheat improvement. The text then goes on to cover the origin of wheat, breeding in connection with alien introgressions, and the problems of producing intergeneric hybrids and backcross derivatives. These problems can include crossability, sterility, and unequal chromosome transmission. The work then covers alien introgressions according to the related species used, as well as new results in the field of genomics of wild wheat relatives and introgressions.
Author: Jules Janick
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118497953
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. It is a serial title that appears in the form of one or two volumes per year.
Author: Paul J. Kramer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
