Ideas Behind Symbols - Languages Behind Scripts

Ideas Behind Symbols - Languages Behind Scripts PDF Author: Ákos Bertalan Apatóczky
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789633066638
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Ideas Behind Symbols - Languages Behind Scripts

Ideas Behind Symbols - Languages Behind Scripts PDF Author: Ákos Bertalan Apatóczky
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789633066638
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description


Scriptinformatics

Scriptinformatics PDF Author: Dr. habil. Gábor Hosszú
Publisher: Nap Kiadó
ISBN: 9633321786
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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Book Description
Scripts (writing systems) usually belong to specific languages and have temporal, spatial and cultural characteristics. The evolution of scripts has been the subject of research for a long time. This is probably because the long-term development of human thinking is reflected in the surviving script relics, many of which are still undeciphered today. The book presents the study of the script evolution with the mathematical tools of systematics, phylogenetics and bioinformatics. In the research described, the script is the evolutionary taxonomic unit (taxon), which is analogous to the concept of biological species. Among the methods of phylogenetics, phenetics classifies the investigated taxa on the basis of their morphological similarity, and does not primarily examine genealogical relationships. Due to the scarcity of morphological diversity of scripts’ features, random coincidences of evolution-independent features are much more common in scripts than in biological species, thus phenetic modelling based solely on morphological features can lead to erroneous results. For this reason, phenetic modeling has been extended with evolutionary considerations, thereby allowing the modelling uncertainties observed in the script evolution to be addressed due to the large number of random coincidences (homoplasies) characterizing each script. The book describes an extended phenetic method developed to investigate the script evolution. This data-driven approach helps to reduce the impact of the uncertainties inherent in the phenetic model due to the large number of homoplasies that occur during the evolution of scripts. The elaborated phenetic and evolutionary analyses were applied to the Rovash scripts used on the Eurasian Steppe (Grassland), including the Turkic Rovash (Turkic Runic/runiform) and the Székely-Hungarian Rovash. The evaluation of the extended phenetic model of the scripts, the various phenograms, the script spectra and the group spectra helped to reconstruct the main ancestors and evolutionary stages of the investigated scripts.

Tamil Computing

Tamil Computing PDF Author: Dr. R. Ponnusamy
Publisher: Allied Publishers
ISBN: 9390951054
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 470

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Book Description
This book aims to outline current Tamil Computing technologies available around us in the present context to all participants like students, academicians, researchers and others who are interested in this field. Most of the books available in the market deal with Natural Language Processing, specifically English Language Processing. Therefore, the author hopes this book will be of utmost use to the undergraduate, postgraduate and researchers. This book provides an overall picture of Tamil Computing, covering different aspects. Specifically, starting with the basics of Tamil, Tamil Computing, Coding standards, fonts, keyboards, issues related to it, morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics of Tamil, Tools and resources and applications of Tamil Computing in detail. The purpose of this book is also to give an insight into Tamil Handwritten character recognition and Speech processing in detail. Automatic Speech Recognition in one of the critical issues in any language. Recognizing handwritten characters using a machine is necessary in today's modern world. A computer system should be intelligent enough to receive and interpret the handwritten input. These two aspects are explained in detail. This book elaborates on the existing corporate packages like MS-Office and its usage in Tamil, Database Processing and open Tamil. The book also explains input-outputting methods in detail with simple python programs. The use of the MS Windows Operating System is widespread worldwide in different languages. This book describes the practices of customization of MS Windows software for Tamil. Usage of the MS Windows Operating System is famous worldwide in other languages. This book has also added details concerning Indic Libraries and Large Language Models.

Current Topics in Language and Literature

Current Topics in Language and Literature PDF Author: Nataša Bakić-Mirić
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527531996
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Book Description
This volume brings together 15 peer-reviewed papers which discuss numerous current topics in language and literature. It synthesizes various contemporary practical topics in post-secondary education written by active researchers and practitioners in their respective areas. By using research methods such as mixed methods, case studies, discourse analysis, grounded theory and the repertory grid, the contributors offer insights into the ways in which higher education continuously changes and evolves to face constant challenges resulting from new instructional practices. Taking this into consideration, this book will help educators, researchers and students to keep up with these changes, and to stay aware of contemporary issues relating to post-secondary education.

Ancient Civilizations of Western Asia and the Mediterranean

Ancient Civilizations of Western Asia and the Mediterranean PDF Author: Zachary Anderson
Publisher: Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
ISBN: 1502605694
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 160

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Book Description
Discover the greatest early civilizations from Western Asia and the Mediterranean, including the Hittites, Minoans, Phoenicians, Assyrians, Israelites, Persians, and early Greeks.

Personal Reality, Volume 2

Personal Reality, Volume 2 PDF Author: Daniel Paksi
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN: 1532676697
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 328

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Book Description
Western civilization was built on the concept of God. Today modern science, based on the critical method and so-called objective facts, denies even the existence of our soul. There is only matter: atoms, molecules, and DNA sequences. There is no freedom; there are no well-grounded beliefs. The decline of Western civilization is not the simple consequence of decadence, hedonism, and malevolence. Modern critical science has liberated us from the old dogmas but failed to establish our freedoms, values, and beliefs. However, human knowledge is not objective but personal. We are the children of evolution. Everybody sees the world from his own personal point of view anchored into his/her body. We use our billions-of-years-old evolutionary skills and thousands-of-years-old cultural heritage to recognize and acknowledge the personal facts of our reality, freedom, and most important natural beliefs: respect and speak the truth. In reality, even science itself is based on our personal knowledge. Only our false conceptual dichotomies paralyze our thinking. God or matter?—there is a third choice: the emergence of life and human persons. This is the only way to defend our freedoms and the Christian moral dynamism of free Western societies.

An Introduction to the Languages of the World

An Introduction to the Languages of the World PDF Author: Anatole Lyovin
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195149882
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 545

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Book Description
Unique in scope, An Introduction to the Languages of the World introduces linguistics students to the variety of world's languages. Students will gain familiarity with concepts such as sound change, lexical borrowing, diglossia, and language diffusion, and the rich variety of linguistic structure in word order, morphological types, grammatical relations, gender, inflection, and derivation. It offers the opportunity to explore structures of varying and fascinating languages even with no prior acquaintance. A chapter is devoted to each of the world's continents, with in-depth analyses of representative languages of Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and America, and separate chapters cover writing systems and pidgins and creoles. Each chapter contains exercises and recommendations for further reading. New to this edition are eleven original maps as well as sections on sign languages and language death and revitalization. For greater readability, basic language facts are now organized in tables, and language samples follow international standards for phonetic transcription and word-by-word glossing. There is an instructor's manual available for registered instructors on the book's companion website.

Essays in Honor of Charles F. Hockett

Essays in Honor of Charles F. Hockett PDF Author: Frederick B Agard
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004655395
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 615

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Book Description


The Cambridge Companion to World Literature

The Cambridge Companion to World Literature PDF Author: Ben Etherington
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108471374
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 289

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Book Description
This Companion presents lucid and exemplary critical essays, introducing readers to the major ideas and practices of world literary studies.

Frege: A Guide for the Perplexed

Frege: A Guide for the Perplexed PDF Author: Edward Kanterian
Publisher: A&C Black
ISBN: 0826487645
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 266

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Book Description
A guide to the thought and ideas of Gottlob Frege, one of the most important but also perplexing figures in the history of analytic philosophy.