Hydrodynamics of Trickle Bed Reactors (TBRS) Packed with Industrial Catalyst Using Advanced Measurement Techniques PDF Download
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Author: Mohammed Jaber Al-Ani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
"The impacts of the packing characteristics on the hydrodynamics od a trickle bed reactor (TBR) have been investigated using advanced measurements techniques of Gamma-ray densitometry (GRD) and Optical fiber probe and conventional measurement techniques of high-frequency differential pressure transducer and load cell. Two different reactor sizes of bench and pilot plant scale were used. Bench-scale TBR carried out the experiments to assess phase distribution and catalyst utilization with 1.18 cm inside diameter and 72 cm length at ambient pressure and temperature. The mixture of catalyst and fine particles displayed considerable improvements in the phase distribution, liquid holdup profile, and catalyst utilization efficiency. In the pilot plant scale reactor, the catalyst shape showed a significant impact on the hydrodynamics, pressure drop, local gas and liquid velocities, and flow regime transition. The currently used trilobe and quadrilobe in hydrotreating processes showed lower pressure drop, increased liquid holdup, enhanced local gas and liquid saturation and velocities, and lower flow regime transition compared with spherical and cylindrical shapes of catalysts. Meanwhile, mechanistic model named slit model predicted the pressure drop and liquid holdup better than selected correlations where equivalent diameter is used and the bed characteristic is quantitated properly by measured Ergun constants"--Abstract, page iv.
Author: Mohammed Jaber Al-Ani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
"The impacts of the packing characteristics on the hydrodynamics od a trickle bed reactor (TBR) have been investigated using advanced measurements techniques of Gamma-ray densitometry (GRD) and Optical fiber probe and conventional measurement techniques of high-frequency differential pressure transducer and load cell. Two different reactor sizes of bench and pilot plant scale were used. Bench-scale TBR carried out the experiments to assess phase distribution and catalyst utilization with 1.18 cm inside diameter and 72 cm length at ambient pressure and temperature. The mixture of catalyst and fine particles displayed considerable improvements in the phase distribution, liquid holdup profile, and catalyst utilization efficiency. In the pilot plant scale reactor, the catalyst shape showed a significant impact on the hydrodynamics, pressure drop, local gas and liquid velocities, and flow regime transition. The currently used trilobe and quadrilobe in hydrotreating processes showed lower pressure drop, increased liquid holdup, enhanced local gas and liquid saturation and velocities, and lower flow regime transition compared with spherical and cylindrical shapes of catalysts. Meanwhile, mechanistic model named slit model predicted the pressure drop and liquid holdup better than selected correlations where equivalent diameter is used and the bed characteristic is quantitated properly by measured Ergun constants"--Abstract, page iv.
Author: Binbin Qi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
"Trickle bed reactors (TBR), as typical packed bed reactors (PBR), are widely used in various fields. Very limited information regarding the flow behaviors, hydrodynamic, and mathematical models in extrudate catalyst shapes, such as cylinders, trilobes, and quadrilobes, can be found in literatures because the major focus was on spherical shape. Therefore, a hybrid pressure drops and liquid holdup phenomenological model for extrudate catalyst shapes was developed based on two-phase volume averaged equations, which showed high accuracy against experimental data. The maldistribution and dynamic liquid holdup were investigated in quadrilobe catalyst using gamma-ray computed tomography. A pseudo-3D empirical model was developed and compared with deep neural network predictions. Both models were in good agreement with experimental data. The accretion locations of heavy metal contaminants entrained with flow were tracked by the dynamic radioactive particle tracking technique in the packed beds of sphere, cylinder, trilobe, and quadrilobe, respectively. Kernel density estimator was used to indicate the accretion probability distribution, showing that pressure drop played an important role in heavy metal accretions. CFD simulations of random packed trilobe catalyst bed were conducted to obtain the local information and were validated by experimental data. Moving bed reactors (MBR), as a relatively new type of reactor, encounter many challenges due to the bed expansion because of the concurrent gas-liquid upflow. DEM simulation was used to generate expanded bed. A porosity distribution correlation was developed and implemented in CFD simulations to investigate the hydrodynamics"--Abstract, page iv.
Author: Bora Aydin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Vivek V. Ranade
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080931448
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
This book provides a hybrid methodology for engineering of trickle bed reactors by integrating conventional reaction engineering models with state-of-the-art computational flow models. The content may be used in several ways and at various stages in the engineering process: it may be used as a basic resource for making appropriate reactor engineering decisions in practice; as study material for a course on reactor design, operation, or optimization of trickle bed reactors; or in solving practical reactor engineering problems. The authors assume some background knowledge of reactor engineering and numerical techniques. - Facilitates development of high fidelity models for industrial applications - Facilitates selection and application of appropriate models - Guides development and application of computational models to trickle beds
Author: Khairul Anuar Mohd Salleh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical reactors
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
"Trickle Bed Reactors (TBRs) are fixed beds of particles in which both liquid and gas flow concurrently downward. They are widely used to produce not only fuels but also lubrication products. The measurement and the knowledge of local liquid velocities (VLL) in TBRs is less which is essential for advancing the understanding of its hydrodynamics and for validation computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Therefore, this work focused on developing a new, non-invasive, statistically reliable technique that can be used to measure local liquid velocity (V[subscript LL]) in two-dimensions (2-D). This is performed by combining Digital Industrial X-ray Radiography (DIR) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) techniques. This work also make possible the development of three-dimensional (3-D) V[subscript LL] measurements that can be taken in TBRs. Measurements taken through both the combined and the novel technique, once validated, were found to be comparable to another technique (a two-point fiber optical probe) currently being developed at Missouri University of Science and Technology. The results from this study indicate that, for a gas-liquid-solid type bed, the measured V[subscript LL] can have a maximum range that is between 35 and 51 times that of its superficial liquid velocity (V[subscript SL]). Without the existence of gas, the measured V[subscript LL] can have a maximum range that is between 4 and 4.7 times that of its V[subscript SL]. At a higher V[subscript SL], the particle tracer was greatly distributed and became carried away by a high liquid flow rate. Neither the variance nor the range of measured V[subscript LL] varied for any of the replications, confirming the reproducibility of the experimental measurements used, regardless of the V[subscript SL]. The liquid's movement inside the pore was consistent with findings from previous studies that used various techniques"--Abstract, page iii.
Author: Zeljko Kuzeljevic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
In this study we develop the computational and experimental tools to assist us in performance evaluation of trickle bed reactors (TBRs). The study focuses on experimental characterization of the flow distribution, and development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of trickle flow. The experimental study has been performed to examine the quality of liquid phase distribution in a high pressure system. The results were provided in terms of distribution of the effluent liquid fluxes and cross-sectional liquid holdups. Their individual trends, but also their relation with respect to operating conditions was examined. Characterization of bed porosity distribution has been performed and used as the input to the computational model. The experimental study of the dependence of the extent of hysteresis on operating parameters in a high pressure TBR was performed. The extent of hysteresis was found uniquely determined by the pressure drop in the Levec prewetting mode. This fact and developed CFD model were then used to deduce conditions leading to operation with negligible hysteresis effects. Three-dimensional Eulerian CFD model is developed. Phase interaction closures are based on the film flow model, principles of statistical hydrodynamics and relative permeability concept. Model has been assessed against experimental data for liquid holdup, wetting efficiency and pressure drop hysteresis. Hydrodynamic Eulerian CFD model is then used together with species balance to examine the TBR performance for gas and liquid reactant limited systems. For each case a closed form approach of coupling bed and particle scale solution within CFD framework was presented.
Author: Arjan Van Houwelingen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorimetric analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Author: Sodhi Vijay
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659507458
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Gas-liquid-solid (catalysts) reactive systems encountered in trickle bed reactors are common in chemical engineering related cocurrent gas and liquid downflow systems. Among these processes relying on trickle beds, hydrodynamics of foaming systems are less prominently explored subject despite the formation of foaming is very often in the petroleum industries. This study's aim was to demonstrate experimentally the effects of liquid and gas flow velocities, and liquid surface tension for key phenomenon like regime transition change, two-phase pressure drop, dynamic liquid hold-up and liquid axial dispersion. More than 240 experimental points for the trickle flow (GCF) and foaming pulsing flow (PF/FPF) regime were obtained for present study, revealed significant evaluations for sustainable process design especially for industrial applications.
Author: R. A. Holub
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluidized reactors
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Author: Sunil S Joshi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128016701
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Book Description
Industrial Catalytic Processes for Fine and Specialty Chemicals provides a comprehensive methodology and state-of-the art toolbox for industrial catalysis. The book begins by introducing the reader to the interesting, challenging, and important field of catalysis and catalytic processes. The fundamentals of catalysis and catalytic processes are fully covered before delving into the important industrial applications of catalysis and catalytic processes, with an emphasis on green and sustainable technologies. Several case studies illustrate new and sustainable ways of designing catalysts and catalytic processes. The intended audience of the book includes researchers in academia and industry, as well as chemical engineers, process development chemists, and technologists working in chemical industries and industrial research laboratories. - Discusses the fundamentals of catalytic processes, catalyst preparation and characterization, and reaction engineering - Outlines the homogeneous catalytic processes as they apply to specialty chemicals - Introduces industrial catalysis and catalytic processes for fine chemicals - Includes a number of case studies to demonstrate the various processes and methods for designing green catalysts
