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Author: Diaa el Din H. El Gabbani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Author: Diaa el Din H. El Gabbani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author: Diaa el Din H. El Gabbani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Author: Babak Jajuee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bubbles
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
The investigation of the effect of salinity on the performance of airlift contactor was achieved using the 17L internal loop airlift system with a column height of 1.2 m, and 0.137 m diameter, and a draft tube height of 1 m. The diameters of the draft tubes were altered to vary the ratio between downcomer and riser cross sectional areas (A[subscript d]/A[subscript r]) from 0.061-1.01. The aeration was supplied in the superficial gas velocity (U[subscript sg]) from 0.01-0.07 m/s and the salinity levels were altered from 0, 15, 30, and 45 ppt. The Sauter mean diameter of the bubble appeared to be smaller in saline water than in fresh water due to two main reasons. The first one was the presence of hydrophilic repulsive force which inhibited bubble coalescence, and the second was the high Laplace pressure which promoted the breakup of the bubbles. The range of pressure difference, [delta]P, acting on the bubble which was found to promote bubble coalescence was between 15-20 N/m[superscript 2]. In saline water, the bubble size decreased with superficial gas velocity, u[subscript sg], where a reduction from 6 to 1 mm was observed with an increase in U[subscript sg] from 0.02-0.07 m/s. This was caused by the collision of bubbles at high gas hold-up in the system at higher gas flow rate which occurred at [delta]P greater than 20 N/m[superscript 2] and consequently supported bubble break-up. Axial variation in bubble size was only observed at low u[subscript sg] (less than 0.04 m/s) where bubbles in the bottom section of the airlift was larger than those in the middle and top sections. This was because the conditions in the middle and top sections were turbulent and with high [delta]P (27-65 N/m[superscript 2]), bubble break-up occurred. The effect of downcomer to riser area ratio was quite important and the highest range of [delta]P (approx. 50-97 N/m[superscript 2]) was found at the smallest downcomer area configuration which led to bubble break-up conditions. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient appeared lower in the saline water than in the fresh water where the levels of k[subscript L]a could be ordered from high to low as 0 ppt > 30 ppt > 15 ppt > 45 ppt. The specific area was found to be high in the saline water systems, however, the mass transfer coefficient was much higher in the fresh water system than in the saline water. The mass transfer coefficient was controlled by both natural and forced convections which were related significantly to the diameter and slip velocity of the gas bubbles.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Various configurations of external loop airlift contactor (ELALC) were examined for their hydrodynamic and mass transfer behavior using tap water. These behaviors was manipulated by changing the length of connection tubes (L[subscript c]), height of riser and downcmoer (L[subscript h]) and other configurations while keeping the ratio between downcomer and riser cross sectional area constant at 0.269. The results showed that the change of configuration could have effects on: gas holdup, liquid velocity, and gas-liquid mass transfer. Increasing L[subscript c] and L[subscript h] seemed to pose the same effect on the airlift performance. For instance, an increase in L[subscript c] from 20 to 40 cm, and Lp[subscript h] from 100 to 140 cm, could increase liquid velocity at 11.3 and 7.2%, decreased overall gas holdup at 8.6 and 3.3% and decreased the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient at 8.2 and 5.6%, respectively. The effect of configurations on ELALC was investigated. ELALCs with inclined connection tubes and with close downcomer were compared with regular ELALC in terms of hydrodynamic and gas-liquid mass transfer behaviors. The two configurations presented large agglomerate of gas bubbles on the top connection tubes which resulted in more gas holdups and less downcomer liquid velocity when compared with regular ELALC. The mathematical model was developed based on the mass conservation principals to predict the gas-liquid mass transfer in the ELALC. Basically ELALC was represented by a series of reactors, i.e. the riser, downcomer, top and bottom connection tubes were represented by the dispersion model, and the two gas separators represented by the stirred tank model. The simulation results were found to be reasonably accurate for all experimental conditions employed in this work.
Author: Mislin
Publisher: Birkhäuser
ISBN: 3034872380
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Author: M. Y. Chisti
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Author: Faizal Bux
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319123343
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
This book examines the utilization of algae for the development of useful products and processes with the emphasis towards green technologies and processes, and the requirements to make these viable. Serving as a complete reference guide to the production of biofuels and other value added products from micro and macro algae, it covers various aspects of algal biotechnology from the basics to large scale cultivation, harvesting and processing for a variety of products. It is authored and edited by respected world experts in the field of algal biotechnology and provides the most up to date and cutting edge information on developments in the field. Over the past decade there has been substantial focus and related literature on the application of algal biomass for the generation of novel processes and products. ‘Algae Biotechnology: Products and Processes’ encompasses a holistic approach to critically evaluating developments in the field of algal biotechnology whilst taking into account recent advances and building on the body of knowledge. Aspects of the effects of harmful algae are also discussed, as well as the potential commercial application of algal biotechnology, the techno-economic feasibility of algal biodiesel production and the use of genetic and metabolic engineering for the improvement of yield. Other bioenergy sources such as alcohol fuels, aviation fuels, biohydrogen and biogas are also covered. This book is intended for postgraduates and researchers working in the biofuels and algal industry; it constitutes ideal reference material for both early stage and established researchers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 634
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biotechnology
Languages : en
Pages :
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