Human Capital Spillovers, Labor Migration and Regional Development in China PDF Download
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Author: Yuming Fu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
This study applies unique data from the 1990s period of economic liberalization in China to evaluate the effects of human capital spillovers on urbanization and regional agglomeration of human capital. We examine these effects via a utility maximizing directional migration model, which accounts for heterogeneous migration costs and benefits among population strata. We use model estimates to decompose and evaluate human capital spillover effects as derive from three distinct sources, including productivity effects (social returns to schooling), skill premia (skill complementarity in production), and non-wage benefits (quality of life and learning opportunities). In contrast to extant literature emphasizing skill complementarity, we find significantly stronger non-wage than wage effects in the determination of regional human capital agglomeration. However, among low-skill migrants, non-wage benefits are substantially reduced - due likely to urban segregation that deprives low-skill migrants of social externalities. This finding suggests limited human capital spillovers among low-skill migrants and hence dampened long-run growth benefits to Chinese urbanization. Finally, we find that urban concentration of skilled workers was more important than foreign direct investment, the prominent source of technology transfer in China during the 1990s, in attracting skilled workers.
Author: Yuming Fu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
This study applies unique data from the 1990s period of economic liberalization in China to evaluate the effects of human capital spillovers on urbanization and regional agglomeration of human capital. We examine these effects via a utility maximizing directional migration model, which accounts for heterogeneous migration costs and benefits among population strata. We use model estimates to decompose and evaluate human capital spillover effects as derive from three distinct sources, including productivity effects (social returns to schooling), skill premia (skill complementarity in production), and non-wage benefits (quality of life and learning opportunities). In contrast to extant literature emphasizing skill complementarity, we find significantly stronger non-wage than wage effects in the determination of regional human capital agglomeration. However, among low-skill migrants, non-wage benefits are substantially reduced - due likely to urban segregation that deprives low-skill migrants of social externalities. This finding suggests limited human capital spillovers among low-skill migrants and hence dampened long-run growth benefits to Chinese urbanization. Finally, we find that urban concentration of skilled workers was more important than foreign direct investment, the prominent source of technology transfer in China during the 1990s, in attracting skilled workers.
Author: Liu Xiaoguang
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811208603
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Xiaochun Li
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811035695
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
Based on new phenomena appearing in many emerging economies, this book presents a theoretical study on the economic influences of labor transfer from several aspects. In recent years, thanks to the continuous progress of social forms as well as science and technology, there are a large number of new developing trends in emerging nations. Taking China as an example, several economic issues have sprung up with the huge scale of labor transfer, such as development of modern agriculture, environmental protection, privatization of mixed enterprises, training of human capital, and migrant workers’ remittances to their hometowns. However, the existing researches on labor transfer pay little attention to them. In order to bridge the gap, this book combines new economic data with basic theories of labor migration, and discusses economic influences of labor transfer in four angles: human capital, migrants’ remittances, environmental protection, and development of modern agriculture. Each part is composed of two or three analytical elements. Our conclusions not only enrich existing theoretical researches, but also provide theoretical support for related national economic policies.
Author: Gordon G. Liu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812814418
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
This book is a reflection of the current research that explores the mechanism, dynamics and evidence of the impact of human capital on economic development and social well-being in modern China. Composed of keynote speeches and selected papers from The 2005 International Conference of the Chinese Economists Society (www.china-ces.org), it tracks the latest understanding and empirical evidence of the relationships amongst health, education and economic development in China. The book presents a broad spectrum of study topics covering human capital and economic growth; demand, attainment and disparity in both education and health; and investing in human capital and the economic and social returns in China. Distinguished contributors include Robert Fogel, Michael Grossman, Daniel Hamermesh, Gregory Chow and Dean Jamison.
Author: Zhixian Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In this thesis, I explore the interactions between human capital and migration in multiple historical contexts. In chapter 1, I examine persistent human capital spillovers in rural China caused by a mass migration policy. Between 1962 and 1980, the Chinese government relocated about 18 million youths from urban to rural areas. The policy increased human capital stock in rural areas as migrants were more educated than the locals. With county-level migration data and an instrumental variable strategy, I find that send-down migration significantly increased the educational attainments in rural areas after the migrants returned to cities. The effects persisted until 2010, although the magnitude weakened over time. I also find that the cohorts who reached school age during the years of send-down policy were more strongly affected. Evidence shows that the persistent human capital spillovers can be explained by increase in capital-labor ratio in farm sector, occupational transition, or emigration out of rural area. In chapter 2, I estimate the effect of immigration on infant mortality rate at the Age of Mass Migration. Specifically, I use a shift-share instrument and town-level panel data from Massachusetts between 1860 and 1915 to estimate the impact over a long period. I find a significant positive effect of immigrant inflows on native infant mortality before 1900, with this effect diminishing after 1900. I also find suggestive evidence that this effect is due to communicable diseases and over-crowding. And the public health investment helped mitigate the negative effect. In chapter 3, I explore the Japanese evacuation program in WWII and its associated impact on West Coast farming. Japanese Americans in the farm sector were highly skilled before WWII. Their presence was associated with high agricultural productivity and significant farm success, particularly on the West Coast. For military purpose, tens of thousands of Japanese farmers and farm laborers were forcefully evacuated from Pacific Coast region in WWII. With a county-level panel data of comparable farm outcomes between 1920 and 1945, I find the evacuated counties losing more Japanese farmers or farm laborers experienced slower growth of farm value. I also find that both land productivity and crops composition were affected in a negative way by the policy in a period when Agriculture was still a very important sector in the US.
Author: Shenggen Fan
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135972257
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
As regional inequality looms large in the policy debate in China, this volume brings together a selection of papers from authors whose work has had real impact on policy, so that researchers and policy makers can have access to them in one place.
Author: John Joshua
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137529369
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 565
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Book Description
This book develops a human capital model to explain transformational growth within different stages of economic development, which will induce technological changes and consequently will require a change in human capital. China is a case study in transition and can provide useful lessons to other emerging economies.
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292571621
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
This report was prepared with the primary objective of drawing insights on how Asian economic giants India and the People's Republic of China leveraged education and skills development to advance economic growth. The analysis presented similarities and differences in human capital development strategies and their outcomes that helped define development pathways between the two countries. It also outlined the prospects for human capital development in the sustainability of the two countries' economic growth. The report was completed in 2014 under the Development Partnership Program for South Asia: Innovative Strategies for Accelerated Human Resource Development in South Asia (TA-6337 REG).
Author: Yaling Li
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819949971
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
According to the neoclassical growth theory and the endogenous growth theory, changes in the stock of capital and labor affect economic growth rates in the short run, and differences in human capital stocks are likely to affect total factor productivity directly and long-term economic growth rates indirectly. Therefore, human capital is a factor in the secular trends of regional economic gaps. In this study, the author examines the relationship between regional economic disparities and the country’s human capital stocks and structure in China between 1990 and 2015, a period of economic transformation in the country. Available empirical evidence supports the argument that boosting investment toward and optimizing the spatial distribution of human capital can help mitigate regional economic disparity and facilitate balanced and coordinated economic development across the country.
Author: Rachel Murphy
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113403377X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 219
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Book Description
Since the mid-1980s, mass migration from the countryside to urban areas has been one of the most dramatic and noticeable changes in China. Labour migration has not only exerted a profound impact on China’s economy; it has also had far-reaching consequences for its social development. This book examines labour migration in China, focusing on the social dimensions of this phenomenon, as well as on the economic aspects of the migration and development relationship. It provides in-depth coverage of pertinent topics which include the role of labour migration in poverty alleviation; the social costs of remittance and regional, gender and generational inequalities in their distribution; hukou reform and the inclusion of migrants in urban social security and medical insurance systems; the provision of schools for migrants’ children; the provision of sexual health services to migrants; the housing conditions of migrants; the mobilization of women workers’ social networks to improve labour protection; and the role of NGOs in providing social services for migrants. Throughout, it pays particular attention to policy implications, including the impact of the recent policy shift of the Chinese government, which has made social issues more central to national development policies, and has initiated policy reforms pertaining to migration.
