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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789462575899
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789462575899
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Author: Viacheslav I. Vasenev
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319705571
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
This interdisciplinary proceedings book addresses highly relevant topics in urbanization and its environmental impacts and presents case studies revealing the negative environmental consequences of the anthropogenic and technogenic pressures. Urbanization is an important trend in current land-use change, with up to 70% of the world population projected to live in cities by 2050. How will this rapid urbanization alter the face of Europe? What are the environmental consequences of the expansion of megacities? These and other important questions are addressed in the Megacities 2050 Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Landscape Architecture to Support City Sustainable Development. Megapolises are complex ecosystems, and their air and water quality, vegetation and soils are exposed to anthropogenic influences. The book discusses advanced approaches and techniques to monitor, model and assess environmental consequences and risks in megapolises and offers solutions to the environmental problems of modern megapolises. It also presents successful, sustainable urban-development projects from Europe and beyond, including the management and design of green infrastructure, waste management, run-off purification and remediation of urban soils. Focusing on urban soils and ecosystems, the book is intended for experts in various fields of geography, urban studies and planning, and environmental sciences, including those in the scientific and research community, municipal services, environmental protection agencies, stakeholders working in urban management and greenery, landscape architects, civil engineers and policy-makers.
Author: Mirabel Vlaming
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Author: Rattan Lal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 149877010X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
Globally, 30% of the world population lived in urban areas in 1950, 54% in 2016 and 66% projected by 2050. The most urbanized regions include North America, Latin America, and Europe. Urban encroachment depletes soil carbon and the aboveground biomass carbon pools, enhancing the flux of carbon from soil and vegetation into the atmosphere. Thus, urbanization has exacerbated ecological and environmental problems. Urban soils are composed of geological material that has been drastically disturbed by anthropogenic activities and compromised their role in the production of food, aesthetics of residential areas, and pollutant dynamics. Properties of urban soils are normally not favorable to plant growth—the soils are contaminated by heavy metals and are compacted and sealed. Therefore, the quality of urban soils must be restored to make use of this valuable resource for delivery of essential ecosystem services (e.g., food, water and air quality, carbon sequestration, temperature moderation, biodiversity). Part of the Advances in Soil Sciences Series, Urban Soils explains properties of urban soils; assesses the effects of urbanization on the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and water and the impacts of management of urban soils, soil restoration, urban agriculture, and food security; evaluates ecosystem services provisioned by urban soils, and describes synthetic and artificial soils.
Author: Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482262231
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
Thorough and detailed, The Carbon Footprint Handbook encompasses all areas of carbon footprint, including the scientific elements, methodological and technological aspects, standards, industrial case studies, and communication of carbon footprint results. Written and edited by an international group of experts, the far-ranging topics on carbon foot
Author: Mario Guevara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
The largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems is contained in soils and it plays a key role regulating hydrological processes, such as the spatial variability of soil moisture dynamics. Specifically, soil moisture and soil organic carbon are variables directly linked to ecosystem services such as food production and water storage. However, there are important knowledge gaps in the spatial representation (e.g., maps) of soil moisture and soil organic information from the country specific to the global scales. There is a pressing need to update the spatial detail of soil moisture estimates and the accuracy of digital soil carbon maps for improved land management, improved Earth system modeling and improved strategies (i.e., public policy) to combat land degradation. From the country specific to the global scale, the overreaching goal of this PhD research is to develop a reproducible digital soil mapping framework to increase the statistical accuracy of spatially continuous information on soil moisture and soil organic carbon across different scales of data availability (e.g., country-specific, regional, global). Chapter 1 provides a general introduction. Chapters 2 and 3 are focused on up-scaling soil organic carbon from the country-specific scale to the continental scale. Chapter 2 provides a country-specific and multi-modeling approach for soil organic carbon mapping across Latin America, where I identify key predictors and conclude that there is no best modeling method in a quantifiable basis across all the analyzed countries. In Chapter 3, I compare and test different methods and combinations of prediction factors to model the variability of soil organic carbon across Mexico and conterminous United States (CONUS). I describe soil organic carbon stocks across different land covers across the region, quantify the model uncertainty and discuss estimates derived from previous studies. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to improving the statistical detail and accuracy of satellite soil moisture from the country to the global scale. Chapter 4 describes how the machine learning fusion of satellite soil moisture with Geomorphometry increase the statistical accuracy and spatial detail of current soil moisture estimates across CONUS. Chapter 5 extends the previous chapter to the global scale and identifies global soil moisture trends. I provide a novel (gap-free) soil moisture global estimate that could be potentially used to predict the global feedback between primary productivity and long-term soil moisture trends. Chapters 4 and 5 reveal evidence of soil moisture decline across large areas of the world. Finally, chapter 6 summarizes the main findings of this research, the key conclusions, emergent challenges and future steps. The results of this research were useful to generate benchmarks against which to assess the impact of climate and land cover changes on soil organic carbon stocks and soil moisture trends. This research provides a framework (including high quality data and novel methodologies) to generate environmentally relevant science that can be used for the formulation of public policy around soil and water conservation efforts.
Author: Viacheslav Vasenev
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319896024
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
This proceedings volume focuses on different aspects of environmental assessment, monitoring, and management of urban and technogenic soils. Soils of Urban, Industrial, Traffic, Mining and Military Areas (SUITMAs) differ substantially from their natural zonal counterparts in their physical, chemical and biological features, their performed functions, and supported services. This book discusses the monitoring, analysis and assessment of the effects of urbanization on soil functions and services. Further, it helps to find solutions to the environmental consequences of urbanization and discusses best management practices such as management and design of urban green infrastructure, waste management, water purification, and reclamation and remediation of contaminated soils in the context of sustainable urban development. The book includes thematic sections corresponding to 14 sessions of the SUITMA 9 congress, covering broad topics that highlight the importance of urban soils for society and environment and summarizing the lessons learned and existing methodologies in analyses, assessments, and modeling of anthropogenic effects on soils and the related ecological risks. This proceedings book appeals to scientists and students as well as practitioners in soil and environmental science, urban planning, geography and related disciplines, and provides useful information for policy makers and other stakeholders working in urban management and greenery.
Author: Christopher Wade Ross
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Significant differences were found to exist among various LC/LU's in regards to mean SOC stocks (kg m−2, 0-20cm), with the highest amounts found in Cypress Swamp (9.7), Hardwood Swamp (9.6) and Mixed Wetland Forest (7.8). Additionally, significant SOC stock differences among various soil types exist as well, with the highest mean stocks (kg m−2, 0-20cm) belonging to Saprists (12), Aquolls (9.8) and Aquepts (9.4). Geostatistical (kriging) models developed for the study area show approximately 102 - 108 Tg SOC (kg C m−2) are held within the upper 20cm of soils representing historical conditions (DS1) and 211 - 320 Tg SOC (kg C m−2) are held within the upper 20cm of soils representing current conditions (DS2), which suggests the soils in the study area have been a net sink for C during the last 40 years. Highest SOC stock sequestration rates were observed in Hardwood/Cypress Swamp (51 g C m−2 yr−1) and the lowest observed in Xeric Upland Forest ( -129 g C m−2 yr−1). Additionally, site remaining in Row/field Crop lost SOC ( -2g C m−2 yr−1) on average. Interestingly, three out of four classes switching to Urban resulted in net gains of SOC stocks. Geostatistical models improved the knowledge of the spatial distribution and variability of SOC in the study area with implications for SOC cycling, land management, environmental conservation and policy decisions.
Author: Maria Angeles Munoz
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128121297
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 398
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Book Description
Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. - Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions - Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization - Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization
Author: Cora Vos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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