How Currency Devaluation Works PDF Download
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Author: Barbara Gottfried Hollander
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
ISBN: 1448823773
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Explains currency devaluation, its causes, and its effects.
Author: Barbara Gottfried Hollander
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
ISBN: 1448823773
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Explains currency devaluation, its causes, and its effects.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451947437
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
This paper presents main characteristics of a typical oil economy. Estimates of proven oil reserves in Saudi Arabia differ widely, ranging from estimates by ARAMCO and the other companies of about 100 billion barrels to figures exceeding 150 billion barrels. In 1969, two US firms commissioned by the Saudi Arabian Government completed studies of the country's oil reserves, estimating 126.4 billion barrels for the fields surveyed. Growth of oil production in Saudi Arabia has been determined largely by exogenous factors connected with the growth of world demand for oil and fluctuations in supplies from other producing areas. Industrial and agricultural development in Saudi Arabia has been constrained by the scarcity of natural resources, other than oil. Agricultural and fishery resources can be potentially significant, but only recently have they been systematically explored. Based on a clear comparative advantage in the supply of oil and natural gas, industrial development in Saudi Arabia is proceeding from oil production and refining to petrochemicals and to other energy-intensive industries.
Author: David Steinberg
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 0801454255
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Exchange rate policy has profound consequences for economic development, financial crises, and international political conflict. Some governments in the developing world maintain excessively weak and "undervalued" exchange rates, a policy that promotes export-led development but often heightens tensions with foreign governments. Many other developing countries "overvalue" their exchange rates, which increases consumers’ purchasing power but often reduces economic growth. In Demanding Devaluation, David Steinberg argues that the demands of powerful interest groups often dictate government decisions about the level of the exchange rate. Combining rich qualitative case studies of China, Argentina, South Korea, Mexico, and Iran with cross-national statistical analyses, Steinberg reveals that exchange rate policy is heavily influenced by a country’s domestic political arrangements. Interest group demands influence exchange rate policy, and national institutional structures shape whether interest groups lobby for an undervalued or an overvalued rate. A country’s domestic political system helps determine whether it undervalues its exchange rate and experiences explosive economic growth or if it overvalues its exchange rate and sees its economy stagnate as a result.
Author: Richard N. Cooper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Currency question
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Author: Sebastian Edwards
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
This article analyzes the theory of equilibrium real exchange rates and defines misalignment as a deviation of the real exchange rate (RER) from its equilibrium level. The role of macroeconomic policies is then analyzed under three alternative nominal exchange rate regimes: predetermined nominal exchange rates; floating nominal rates; and dual or black market nominal exchange rates. This discussion points out how inconsistent macroeconomic policies often lead to real exchange rate misalignment. Corrective measures, including nominal devaluation and several alternative approaches, are then evaluated.
Author: David B. H. Denoon
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
ISBN: 9780262541565
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
Devaluation Under Pressure illustrates the options open to a developing country's political leaders when faced with a balance of payments crisis. It focuses on the practical problems that policymakers have in planning and implementing a currency devaluation and is based not only on the usual secondary works but also on interviews with some of the policymakers involved and on primary, classified documents.The book presents unique historical information about decision-making in India, Indonesia, and Ghana. The chapter on India, for example, summarizes the Woods-Mehta Agreement which committed the Indian Government to major policy changes that were not implemented. The precise text of this agreement is still being closely held. And the Ghana chapter includes correspondence between the author and former Prime Minister Busia who was able to review the material and provided his perspective on the devaluation and the subsequent coup which overthrew him.Although the current international financial regime is called a flexible exchange rate system, virtually all less-developed countries peg their currencies to one of the major reserve currencies and must be ready to adapt to the short-term and long-term oscillations of that currency. So the question of devaluation is a pressing issue. Also, devaluations are frequently one part of a package of policy measures that LDCs must implement in order to qualify for resources from the International Monetary Fund, private banks, and various aid donors.The three case studies of currency devaluation decisions presented here represent historically significant examples of such devaluations under pressure. The similarities and differences of the same economic policy choice in India (1966), Indonesia (1970), and Ghana (1971) have enabled the author to generalize about what drives a country to devalue its currency, the determinants of a devaluation's success, and what the critical stages are in the devaluation process.David Denoon is Associate Professor of Politics and Economics at New York University.
Author: Adam Baratta
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111969146X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
#1 Business Bestseller (Wall Street Journal, Amazon, USA Today) The Great Devaluation may be one of the most timely books ever written on the state of the global economy. Baratta sums it up simply enough with the following idea: “What seems crazy in normal times becomes necessary in a crisis.” The Great Devaluation is the #1 bestselling book that explains why the real crisis facing the world today is not the Coronavirus. The real crisis facing the world is explosive government debt and deficits. Governments are now left with no choice but to spend more than they make, borrow more than they can ever repay, and devalue their currencies to cover it all up. Former Hollywood storyteller Adam Baratta brings monetary policy to life in this follow-up to his national bestseller, Gold Is A Better Way. You’ll learn how and why Federal Reserve polices have facilitated an explosion in government debt and have systematically undermined the world financial system in the name of profit. The result? An out of control system where financial inequality has become a ticking time bomb set to blow up the global economy.
Author: Michael D. Bordo
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226066908
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
At the close of the Second World War, when industrialized nations faced serious trade and financial imbalances, delegates from forty-four countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in order to reconstruct the international monetary system. In this volume, three generations of scholars and policy makers, some of whom participated in the 1944 conference, consider how the Bretton Woods System contributed to unprecedented economic stability and rapid growth for 25 years and discuss the problems that plagued the system and led to its eventual collapse in 1971. The contributors explore adjustment, liquidity, and transmission under the System; the way it affected developing countries; and the role of the International Monetary Fund in maintaining a stable rate. The authors examine the reasons for the System's success and eventual collapse, compare it to subsequent monetary regimes, such as the European Monetary System, and address the possibility of a new fixed exchange rate for today's world.
Author: Camila Casas
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484330609
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451949391
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
This paper discusses various foreign payments practices in the United States. Most foreign payments in the United States are, therefore, done along traditional lines in whatever manner. Several nontraditional practices, however, have developed in recent years as the result of trade and payments restrictions established by foreign Governments. The amount and type of exchange sold by the US banks to their customers are limited only, if at all, by regulations abroad or by the banks' own limitations. In making or receiving foreign payments, the US banks deal generally with three types of customers which are, in the order of their importance: exporters and importers, individuals or corporations desiring to make or receive nontrade financial payments, and speculators. Foreign payments for account of individuals are usually small individually however, in the aggregate, they represent an important function of the banks located in the larger cities with a considerable foreign-born population.
