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Author: Willem Jan de Kogel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789090106915
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Author: Willem Jan de Kogel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789090106915
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789462578807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Author: Mohammad Mirnezhad
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789085707486
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Author: James Davis Spiers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Nutrition of host plants has been shown to have a direct effect on the productivity of numerous insect pests, including western flower thrips [(WFT) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] -- a major pest on both horticulture and agronomic crops. Plants use constitutive and induced chemical defenses to aid in protection against phytophagous insects. Reductions in WFT abundance in response to decreased nutrient availability has been attributed to the reduced availability of nutrients required for WFT productivity. The goals of this research were to determine the effects of fertilization on chemical defenses, and subsequent effects on WFT feeding and abundance. More importantly, the effects of fertilization and WFT feeding on plant growth, development, physiology, and quality were determined to assess the viability of optimizing fertilization in order to increase host plant resistance in gerbera. Constitutive (i.e. phenolics) and induced (i.e. jasmonic acid) chemical defenses were enhanced when fertilization was reduced. Reducing fertilization increased the total phenolics and wound- and WFT-induced jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation in gerbera. The enhanced chemical defenses in lower fertility plants resulted in reduced WFT abundance and feeding damage. These results indicate that the strategy for some plant species under nutrient stress is to increase constitutive defenses, while maintaining, or possibly increasing inducible defenses instead of growth. Similar to 0X fertility plants (only supplied with initial fertilizer charge in commercial media), 0.3X (received 30% of recommended rate) gerberas had reduced biomass and greater chemical defenses compared to 1X plants, but these plants did not appear to be nutritionally stressed--and 0.3X plants without WFT were rated as marketable. Reducing fertilization by 70% (0.3X) did not affect flower dry mass (DM) or the rate of flowering, but the flower stalks (peduncles) were taller in response to the fertilizer reduction. Hence, reducing fertilization to a moderate level in gerbera production may reduce susceptibility to WFT, while producing marketable crops.
Author: Bruce L. Parker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489914099
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 606
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Book Description
Thrips (fhysanoptera) are very small insects, widespread throughout the world with a preponderance of tropical species, many temperate ones, and even a few living in arctic regions. Of the approximately 5,000 species so far identified, only a few hundred are crop pests, causing serious damage or transmitting diseases to growing crops and harvestable produce in most countries. Their fringed wings confer a natural ability to disperse widely, blown by the wind. Their minute size and cryptic behavior make them difficult to detect either in the field or in fresh vegetation transported during international trade of vegetables, fruit and ornamental flowers. Many species have now spread from their original natural habitats and hosts to favorable new environments where they often reproduce rapidly to develop intense damaging infestations that are costly to control. Over the past decade there have been several spectacular examples of this. The western flower thrips has expanded its range from the North American continent to Europe, Australia and South Africa. Thrips palmi has spread from its presumed origin, the island of Sumatra, to the coast of Florida, and threatens to extend its distribution throughout North and South America. Pear thrips, a known orchard pest of Europe and the western United States and Canada has recently become a major defoliator of hardwood trees in Vermont and the neighboring states. Local outbreaks of other species are also becoming problems in field and glasshouse crops as the effectiveness of insecticides against them decline.
Author: Justin G. Fiene
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Herbivory by Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) (WFT) and drought-stress due to limited water availability are currently two major factors that can severely impact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. This dissertation examines the effects of drought-stress on cotton and host-plant resistance (HPR) to WFT in laboratory conditions, and seeks to identify the physiological and morphological mechanisms that underlie drought-tolerance and HPR. A life-history systems-approach was developed that provides a new level of detail for understanding how environmental variation impacts adult female WFT. The approach was illustrated by investigating the combined effects of cotton genotype, periodic drought-stress, and prey availability on the adult female omnivorous thrips using a factorial design. Three treatment conditions were significantly different, none of which were predicted based on prevailing ecological-hypotheses. At the same time, the approach produced three novel insights about WFT life-history and reproductive strategy. The roles of negative photo-taxis and leaf biomechanical properties were investigated as potential mechanisms that influence WFT foraging-decisions on individual cotyledons. Results showed that WFT foraging-decisions could be considered adaptive, but there was limited support for either of the mechanisms investigated. The physiological responses to drought stress and drought recovery were investigated for three transgenic cotton cultivars and an untransformed wild-type (WT). At peak drought, ABA levels, stomatal area, and stomatal apertures in the transgenic isolone, AtRAV1-1 were 48% lower, 27.7%, and 16.3% smaller than WT. These results suggest that AtRAV1-1 was the most drought-tolerant and support the hypothesis that changes in stomatal morphology may have functionally contributed to drought-tolerance. Lastly, I investigated whether changes in phytohormone concentrations associated with periodic-drought stress in four cotton cultivars (three transgenic and WT) were correlated with WFT feeding, fitness and state-dependent reproductive responses (i.e., the relationship between initial weight and reproduction). Results showed that JA-Ile and JA were positively correlated with state-dependent egg viability and fecundity, respectively, and negatively correlated with total egg viability and fecundity, respectively, supporting the hypothesis that JA and JA-Ile underlie the negative effects on WFT reproduction and the associated shift to state-dependent reproduction. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148186
Author: John L. Capinera
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 9780121588618
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 792
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Book Description
Assisting anyone in need of an easy-to-use yet comprehensive survey of all pests likely to be encountered in North America, this handbook provides thorough identification guides, descriptions of pest life history, and pest management recommendations. Including hundreds of illustrations, this guide is cross-referenced to scientific literature, and includes color plates for ease of insect identification.
Author: Waqas Wakil
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128135085
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato provides insight into the proper and appropriate application of pesticides and the integration of alternative pest management methods. The basis of good crop management decisions is a better understanding of the crop ecosystem, including the pests, their natural enemies, and the crop itself. This book provides a global overview of the biology and management of key arthropod pests of tomatoes, including arthropod-vectored diseases. It includes information that places tomatoes in terms of global food production and food security, with each pest chapter including the predators and parasitoids that have specifically been found to have the greatest impact on reducing that particular pest. In-depth coverage of the development of resistance in tomato plants and the biotic and abiotic elicitors of resistance and detailed information about the sustainable management of tomato pests is also presented. - Provides basic biological and management information for arthropod pests of tomato from a global perspective, encompassing all production types (field, protected, organic) - Includes chapters on integrated management of tomato pests and specific aspects of tomato pest management, including within protected structures and in organic production - Presents management systems that have been tested in the real-world by the authors of each chapter - Fully illustrated throughout with line drawings and color plates that illustrate key pest and beneficial arthropods associated with tomato production around the world
Author: Andreas Schaller
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402081820
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
This timely book provides an overview of the anatomical, chemical, and developmental features contributing to plant defense, with an emphasis on plant responses that are induced by wounding or herbivore attack. The book first introduces general concepts of direct and indirect defenses, followed by a focused review of the different resistance traits. Finally, signal perception and transduction mechanism for the activation of plant defense responses are discussed.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789390425891
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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