Homeowner Decisions to Retrofit to Reduce Hurricane-induced Wind and Flood Damage PDF Download
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Author: Zeinab Yahyazadeh Jasour
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355464955
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Even as new incentive programs emerge to encourage homeowners to strengthen their homes so as to reduce the risk of damage in extreme events, little is known about how homeowners make such decisions. In this paper, we combine revealed and stated preference survey data to develop separate mixed logit models for homeowner decisions about retrofits aimed at addressing four different types of hurricane damage—wind damage to the roof, openings (windows, doors), and roof-to-wall connection, and flood damage. Results provide evidence that offering a grant increases the likelihood of retrofitting, but offer no such evidence for incentives in the form of low interest loans or insurance premium reductions. The models also suggest that the probability of retrofitting varies by type, with the most interest in strengthening openings, and that homeowners are more likely to retrofit when they are closer to the coast, younger, in newer homes, or within a year of a hurricane experience.
Author: Zeinab Yahyazadeh Jasour
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355464955
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Even as new incentive programs emerge to encourage homeowners to strengthen their homes so as to reduce the risk of damage in extreme events, little is known about how homeowners make such decisions. In this paper, we combine revealed and stated preference survey data to develop separate mixed logit models for homeowner decisions about retrofits aimed at addressing four different types of hurricane damage—wind damage to the roof, openings (windows, doors), and roof-to-wall connection, and flood damage. Results provide evidence that offering a grant increases the likelihood of retrofitting, but offer no such evidence for incentives in the form of low interest loans or insurance premium reductions. The models also suggest that the probability of retrofitting varies by type, with the most interest in strengthening openings, and that homeowners are more likely to retrofit when they are closer to the coast, younger, in newer homes, or within a year of a hurricane experience.
Author: Yilin Zou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Understanding how homeowners make protective action decisions is important for designing policies and programs to encourage those actions and community resilience as a whole. This thesis focuses on the role of homeowner perceptions of attributes of the protective actions themselves in influencing household protective action decisions. Specifically, using a combination of revealed and stated preference data from a mailed survey of homeowners in North Carolina, we fitted mixed logit models to predict the probability a homeowner has or intends to structurally retrofit (strengthen) her home to mitigate hurricane wind and flood damage. We found evidence supporting the hypotheses that a higher probability of undertaking a retrofit is associated with homeowner beliefs that: (1) the retrofit cost is not too high, (2) the installation does not require too much effort, (3) they understand how it works, (4) it would add to home value, (5) it would protect lives, (6) it would protect property, and (7) it would not make the home less attractive. This work shows that homeowners make retrofit decisions based on a portfolio of perceived attributes that depend on the type of retrofit under consideration. Although cost is important, other factors carry considerable weight in the decision as well. Further, findings suggest that study of one type of protective action (e.g., having an emergency kit) may not be generalizable to other actions (adding hurricane shutters) without considering these attributes.
Author: Federal Emergency Management Agency (U S
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160933318
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has prepared this guide specifically for homeowners who want to know how to help protect their homes from flooding. As a homeowner, you need clear information about the options available to you and straightforward guidance that will help you make decisions. This guide gives you both, in a form designed for readers who have little or no experience with flood protection methods or building construction techniques. This guide includes the updates to the residential flood protection methods and reflected changes made to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Homeowners and community property managers located in flood zones, lowlands, and lands vulnerable to flooding following heavy rains may be most interested in this guide that offers practical tips and options to protect your residence. Related products: Home Builder's Guide to Coastal Construction is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00055-1 Divine Providence is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-022-00364-9 Resources about Floods can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/environment-nature/natural-environmental-disasters/floods Water management resources collection is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/environment-nature/water-management
Author: United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category : Flood control
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flood damage prevention
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Author: Institute for Business & Home Safety
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781885312143
Category : Building, Stormproof
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Author: Mehrshad Amini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Coastal residential buildings are vulnerable to significant damage due to hurricane related hazards such as storm surge, wind loads, and inundation. Recent damage to residential buildings caused by hurricanes in coastal areas illustrates poor performance of coastal structures against hurricane related hazards, which indicates that recent standards and building code provisions need to be improved in terms of loading and design requirements. A fundamental problem with current standards is that most follow the deterministic approach to some extent. For instance, both uncertainties regarding flood hazards and building structure characteristics such as elevation, number of stories, and size have not been considered in current flood risk assessment methods, which causes many concerns in terms of validity and reliability. On the other hand, Performance-Based Engineering (PBE) methodology is a well-known design approach to address inherent uncertainties for assessing and mitigating the risk associated with engineering structures. However, with only limited PBE frameworks in hurricane engineering fields proposed during recent years, there is lack of sufficient understanding of different aspects for development of standards needed for hurricane resistant design and retrofit of residential buildings. Furthermore, given the concurrent multi-hazard nature of hurricanes, designers need to address more complex loading conditions and design decisions. Based on the performance of coastal residential buildings in past hurricanes, elevating the lowest floor above the expected Base Flood Elevation (BFE) has been found to be the most effective strategy to reduce direct damage caused by flood and storm surge. However, elevated buildings can be exposed to different levels of wind loads due to unique aerodynamic characteristics, which leads to the need for more stringent design of structural and foundation systems. In addition, past hurricanes have shown that the actual flood levels can be several feet higher than the BFE, which means even pile-elevated houses may still be vulnerable to damage. Therefore, some communities encourage homeowners to add freeboard to the specific BFE in order to mitigate the risk of damage. The amount of freeboard depends on many factors, for which there is no rational approach for building owners and designers to make the most efficient decision. This study proposes a probabilistic framework in order to investigate the combined interaction of hurricane wind and coastal surge flood on typical residential homes upgraded based on various retrofit strategies. The goal of developing such a framework is to contribute to holistic and quantitative approach in evaluating the potential damage to retrofitted, particularly elevated coastal residential buildings. This proposed probabilistic framework consists of four main modules, namely hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage assessment, and loss measurement. A literature review was carried out to evaluate the performance of coastal residential buildings with respect to direct and indirect damage. The result of the literature review on mitigation techniques are discussed according to hurricane wind and flood-related hazards. Identification and quantification of these hurricane-associated hazards is the first step to understanding the behavior of residential buildings and identifying common failure mechanisms and mitigation techniques. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed to obtain realistic loading scenarios (wind and wave effects) and corresponding engineering demand parameters, respectively. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to understand the effect of various factors, including wind angle, wave type (regular and irregular waves), building elevation, and pier distribution on wind- and wave-induced loads on elevated coastal residential buildings. The CFD models were validated based on available data in terms of wind and wave loadings separately due to lack of current laboratory experiments. The resistance capacities and statistical characteristics for various building components under positive and negative pressures were obtained from experimental tests available in the literature review. The procedure relies on the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to propagate uncertainties through the CFD analysis. Finally, damage assessment and vulnerability analysis were conducted based on selected failure criteria (e.g., HAZUS database) to develop physics-based fragility curves based on four different damage states, and finally obtain loss curves in terms of the building elevation for the selected residential building. A typical wood-frame residential building was selected for the case study to develop the fragility curves for four damage states and the corresponding loss curve based on HAZUS-MH. The building was assumed to be located in the Bolivar Peninsula, where it was heavily impacted by Hurricane Ike as a Category 2 storm. The fragility curves and loss curve were developed for two different scenarios: the building with 8d and 6d common nails used for the connection of roof and floor sheathings. These loss curves predict the expected damage ratio of the building due to combined effects of wind and waves considering the specific house elevation, which can help design professionals and home builders in order to select a reasonable freeboard above the base flood elevation determined based on a probabilistic approach rather than available deterministic methods. This framework can also be utilized in risk assessment and decision analysis of other types of structures against various environmental hazards.
Author: David A. Hensher
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107092647
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1219
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Book Description
A fully updated second edition of this popular introduction to applied choice analysis, written for graduate students, researchers, professionals and consultants.
Author:
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
