Holocene Sedimentary Record from the Sunda Shelf Off Peninsular Malaysia: Insights from Elemental, Isotopic and Bulk Sediment Magnetic Susceptibility Analyses PDF Download
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Author: Haley Hindes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
Post-Last Glacial Maximum (since ca. 20,000 cal yr BP) sediments of the Sunda Shelf (southern South China Sea) are generally thin, with the exception of incised valleys where thicker accumulations tend to occur. These valleys provide a sedimentary record that preserves Holocene environmental changes. In the summer of 2014, two ca. 2 m gravity cores were collected on the Sunda Shelf in ca. 60 m of water ca. 52 km from the mouth of the Terengganu River off northeast peninsular Malaysia. Both cores were sampled in 1 cm contiguous intervals and analyzed for magnetic susceptibility of bulk sediment (BMS), elemental composition (X-ray fluorescence, XRF), and oxygen and carbon stable isotopes on the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber. The chronology of the cores, based upon eight AMS radiocarbon age estimates on the benthic foraminifer Cavarotalia annectens, covers most of the Holocene. According to previous work, the Holocene evolution of the Sunda Shelf was largely controlled by the transgression of the South China Sea (SCS) shoreline following the Last Glacial Maximum. Several sea-level curves suggest sea level in the area had reached ca. -60 m by the start of the Holocene (ca. 11,700 cal yr BP). According to this study, at ca. 10,000 cal yr BP, the Sunda Shelf off northeast Peninsular Malaysia was already covered by ca. 30 m of water, evident by the presence of benthic foraminifera and marine mud throughout both cores. The study area transitioned from a shallow, muddy, nearshore environment to an open shelf environment (ca. 60 m water depth and at least 50 km from shore) during the 10,000 - 6,400 cal yr BP time interval. This is indicated by steadily decreasing Al, Ti, and Fe concentrations up-core, steadily increasing Ca concentrations up-core, and the first occurrence of planktonic foraminifera at ca. 7,000 cal yr BP. Between 6,000 - 4,000 cal yr BP, previous studies indicate the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand was reached. This study suggests the presence of a possible diastem at ca. 6,400 cal yr BP in TER14-GC5 based on an abrupt change in BMS and XRF data, which could be related to the maximum flooding surface. Core TER14-GC7 reveals the same shift in elemental and BMS trends at ca. 6,400 cal yr BP, but the transition is more gradual. The up-core profile of XRF and BMS trends reveal a shift from higher BMS values to lower BMS values, steady Ca concentrations, and higher but fluctuating presence of planktonic foraminifera after ca. 6,400 cal yr BP. The changes recorded by the two cores during the ca. 6,400 - present time interval are interpreted as the late transgressive systems tract transitioning to the highstand systems tract (HST). The HST is typically characterized by fine-grained sediments, with abundant foraminifera, that were deposited as the rate of sea-level rise slowed. However, the changes recorded during this time interval could also be explained by a decrease in precipitation in the area, possibly due to a decrease in monsoon intensity. Further investigation is needed to properly understand the time interval from ca. 6,400 cal yr BP - present in order to determine whether trends in the data sets are due to climate or other environmental change.
Author: Haley Hindes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
Post-Last Glacial Maximum (since ca. 20,000 cal yr BP) sediments of the Sunda Shelf (southern South China Sea) are generally thin, with the exception of incised valleys where thicker accumulations tend to occur. These valleys provide a sedimentary record that preserves Holocene environmental changes. In the summer of 2014, two ca. 2 m gravity cores were collected on the Sunda Shelf in ca. 60 m of water ca. 52 km from the mouth of the Terengganu River off northeast peninsular Malaysia. Both cores were sampled in 1 cm contiguous intervals and analyzed for magnetic susceptibility of bulk sediment (BMS), elemental composition (X-ray fluorescence, XRF), and oxygen and carbon stable isotopes on the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber. The chronology of the cores, based upon eight AMS radiocarbon age estimates on the benthic foraminifer Cavarotalia annectens, covers most of the Holocene. According to previous work, the Holocene evolution of the Sunda Shelf was largely controlled by the transgression of the South China Sea (SCS) shoreline following the Last Glacial Maximum. Several sea-level curves suggest sea level in the area had reached ca. -60 m by the start of the Holocene (ca. 11,700 cal yr BP). According to this study, at ca. 10,000 cal yr BP, the Sunda Shelf off northeast Peninsular Malaysia was already covered by ca. 30 m of water, evident by the presence of benthic foraminifera and marine mud throughout both cores. The study area transitioned from a shallow, muddy, nearshore environment to an open shelf environment (ca. 60 m water depth and at least 50 km from shore) during the 10,000 - 6,400 cal yr BP time interval. This is indicated by steadily decreasing Al, Ti, and Fe concentrations up-core, steadily increasing Ca concentrations up-core, and the first occurrence of planktonic foraminifera at ca. 7,000 cal yr BP. Between 6,000 - 4,000 cal yr BP, previous studies indicate the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand was reached. This study suggests the presence of a possible diastem at ca. 6,400 cal yr BP in TER14-GC5 based on an abrupt change in BMS and XRF data, which could be related to the maximum flooding surface. Core TER14-GC7 reveals the same shift in elemental and BMS trends at ca. 6,400 cal yr BP, but the transition is more gradual. The up-core profile of XRF and BMS trends reveal a shift from higher BMS values to lower BMS values, steady Ca concentrations, and higher but fluctuating presence of planktonic foraminifera after ca. 6,400 cal yr BP. The changes recorded by the two cores during the ca. 6,400 - present time interval are interpreted as the late transgressive systems tract transitioning to the highstand systems tract (HST). The HST is typically characterized by fine-grained sediments, with abundant foraminifera, that were deposited as the rate of sea-level rise slowed. However, the changes recorded during this time interval could also be explained by a decrease in precipitation in the area, possibly due to a decrease in monsoon intensity. Further investigation is needed to properly understand the time interval from ca. 6,400 cal yr BP - present in order to determine whether trends in the data sets are due to climate or other environmental change.
Author: John Kuna Raj
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine sediments
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Laboratory studies on the borehole samples, as well as reviews of borehole logs and published literature, show that the Holocene sediments of the western coastal plains of Peninsular Malaysia have been mainly deposited in sub-tidal to inter-tidal marine environments; deposition being in response to the Holocene global rise in mean sea-level. As a result of the depositional environments, the Holocene sediments contain the clay minerals illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite, as well as considerable amounts of randomly interstratified illite-montmorillonite. The somewhat unexpected and unique day mineralogy influences the geothechnical properties of the Holocene sediments as well as their response to external loading. [Author's abstract].
Author: Pinxian Wang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444593942
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 696
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Book Description
Geology of the China Seas represents the first English-language synthesis of the available research into the geology of the South and East China Seas. Among the marginal basins worldwide, these areas have been the focus of extensive research activities in the last three decades, and are now among the global hot spots in hydrocarbon explorations and scientific investigations. The region is experiencing rapid economic development with the offshore petroleum industry providing approximately one third of the domestic hydrocarbon production for mainland China. Gas hydrates have been successfully recovered from the China Seas for the first time. Over the years, many volumes on the geology of the China Seas have been published in Chinese. Although an increasing number of papers in English have appeared recently, the majority deal with local or regional paleo-environment and sedimentology, and are scattered in different journals. This book brings together this rich data in one resource, particularly that generated by Chinese marine geologists and petroleum geologists, and provides the very first synthesis of the geology off China. The first systematic summary of the geology of the China Seas Includes comprehensive coverage of the South China Sea and the East China Sea, including the Yellow Sea and Bohai Gulf Reviews hundreds of Chinese publications on marine and petroleum geology not currently accessible to the international community
Author: Nicholas C. Flemming
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118922131
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 552
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Book Description
Quaternary Paleoenvironments examines the drowned landscapes exposed as extensive and attractive territory for prehistoric human settlement during the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene, when sea levels dropped to 120m-135m below their current levels. This volume provides an overview of the geological, geomorphological, climatic and sea-level history of the European continental shelf as a whole, as well as a series of detailed regional reviews for each of the major sea basins. The nature and variable attractions of the landscapes and resources available for human exploitation are examined, as are the conditions under which archaeological sites and landscape features are likely to have been preserved, destroyed or buried by sediment during sea-level rise. The authors also discuss the extent to which we can predict where to look for drowned landscapes with the greatest chance of success, with frequent reference to examples of preserved prehistoric sites in different submerged environments. Quaternary Paleoenvironments will be of interest to archaeologists, geologists, marine scientists, palaeoanthropologists, cultural heritage managers, geographers, and all those with an interest in the drowned landscapes of the continental shelf.
Author: Barun K. Sen Gupta
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306481049
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
From the reviews: "This is now the definitive, authoritative text on applied foraminiferal micropaleontology and should be in the library of all practicing micropaleontologists." (William A. Berggren, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Micropaleontology, 47:1 (2001)"During the last 20 years there has been an explosion of publications about foraminifera from an amazing variety of disciplines: basic cell biology, algal symbiosis, biomineralization, biogeography, ecology, pollution, chemical oceanography, geochemistry, paleoceanography, and geology. This book summarizes contributions by leading researchers in these diverse fields. It is not just another text on the biology of foraminifera. Rather, Barun Sen Gupta has accomplished his objective to "write an advanced text for university students that would also serve as a reference book for professionals"." (Howard J. Spero, University of California at Davis in Limnology and Oceanography, 45:8 (2000).
Author: Klaus Wyrtki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : China Sea
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Author: Pinxian Wang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140209745X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
Pinxian Wang and Qianyu Li The South China Sea (SCS) (Fig. 1. 1) offers a special attraction for Earth scientists world-wide because of its location and its well-preserved hemipelagic sediments. As the largest one of the marginal seas separating Asia from the Paci?c, the largest continent from the largest ocean, the SCS functions as a focal point in land-sea int- actions of the Earth system. Climatically, the SCS is located between the Western Paci?c Warm Pool, the centre of global heating at the sea level, and the Tibetan Plateau, the centre of heating at an altitude of 5,000m. Geomorphologically, the SCS lies to the east of the highest peak on earth, Zhumulangma or Everest in the Himalayas (8,848m elevation) and to the west of the deepest trench in the ocean, Philippine Trench (10,497m water depth) (Wang P. 2004). Biogeographically, the SCS belongs to the so-called “East Indies Triangle” where modern marine and terrestrial biodiversity reaches a global maximum (Briggs 1999). Among the major marginal sea basins from the west Paci?c, the SCS presents some of the best conditions for accumulating complete paleoclimatic records in its hemipelagic deposits. These records are favorable for high-resolution pa- oceanographic studies because of high sedimentation rates and good carbonate preservation. It may not be merely a coincidence that two cores from the southern 14 SCS were among the ?rst several cores in the world ocean used by AMS C dating for high-resolution stratigraphy (Andree et al. 1986; Broecker et al. 1988).
Author: Clark Johnson
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030338282
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive summary of research to date in the field of stable iron isotope geochemistry. Since research began in this field 20 years ago, the field has grown to become one of the major research fields in "non-traditional" stable isotope geochemistry. This book reviews all aspects of the field, from low-temperature to high-temperature processes, biological processes, and cosmochemical processes. It provides a detailed history and state-of-the art summary about analytical methods to determine Fe-isotope ratios and discusses analytical and sample prospects.
Author: John P. Lockwood
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118687949
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 677
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Book Description
Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future. Richly illustrated with over 300 original color photographs and diagrams the book is written in an informal manner, with minimum use of jargon, and relies heavily on first-person, eye-witness accounts of eruptive activity at both "red" (effusive) and "grey" (explosive) volcanoes to illustrate the full spectrum of volcanic processes and their products. Decades of teaching in university classrooms and fieldwork on active volcanoes throughout the world have provided the authors with unique experiences that they have distilled into a highly readable textbook of lasting value. Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion, Suggestions for Further Reading, and a comprehensive list of source references make this work a major resource for further study of volcanology. Volcanoes maintains three core foci: Global perspectives explain volcanoes in terms of their tectonic positions on Earth and their roles in earth history Environmental perspectives describe the essential role of volcanism in the moderation of terrestrial climate and atmosphere Humanitarian perspectives discuss the major influences of volcanoes on human societies. This latter is especially important as resource scarcities and environmental issues loom over our world, and as increasing numbers of people are threatened by volcanic hazards Readership Volcanologists, advanced undergraduate, and graduate students in earth science and related degree courses, and volcano enthusiasts worldwide. A companion website is also available for this title at www.wiley.com/go/lockwood/volcanoes
Author: Avijit Gupta
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470723715
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 712
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Book Description
Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management explores an important topic in geomorphology and sedimentology: the form and function of major rivers. Our knowledge of the big rivers of the world is limited. It is currently difficult to recognise large rivers of the past from relict sedimentary deposits or to structure management policies for long international rivers. This exciting book brings together a set of papers on large rivers of the world, as a unique introduction to a demanding subject. The book includes thirty chapters and is organised into three sections. The first part is on the environmental requirements for creating and maintaining a major river system. The second is a collection of case studies on 14 large rivers from different continents, covering a range of physical environments. The third section includes chapters on the measurement and management of large rivers. First book to offer in a single volume state-of-the-art knowledge on management and geomorphology of large rivers of the world A pioneering study, pushing the boundaries of our knowledge related to big rivers Includes comprehensive case studies covering the major large rivers of the world including Amazon, Mississippi, Nile, Congo, Indus, and Mekong Written by a leading team of distinguished, international contributors Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management is essential reading for postgraduate students and researchers in fluvial geomorphology, hydrology, sedimentary geology, and river management. It is also of relevance to engineers and environmental consultants in the private and public sectors working on major rivers of the world.
