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Author: Mark Bovens
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192507915
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies - ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualifications currently make up about 70 percent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organised interests, deliberative settings, and Internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists. This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.
Author: Mark Bovens
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192507915
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Get Book Here
Book Description
Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies - ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualifications currently make up about 70 percent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organised interests, deliberative settings, and Internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists. This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.
Author: Nick Fellows
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107659957
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
An exciting series that covers selected topics from the Higher Level options in the IB History syllabus. This coursebook covers Higher Level option 3, Topic 9, Political Developments in the Americas after the Second World War 1945-79. The text is divided into clear sections following the IB syllabus structure and content specifications. It offers a sound historical account along with detailed explanations and analysis, and an emphasis on historical debate to prepare students for the in-depth, extended essay required in the Paper 3 examination. It also provides plenty of exam practice including student answers with examiner's comments, simplified mark schemes and practical advice on approaching the Paper 3 examination.
Author: Jean Bottaro
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521189373
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
An exciting new series that covers the five Paper 2 topics of the IB 20th Century World History syllabus. This coursebook covers Paper 2, Topic 2, Democratic states - challenges and responses, in the 20th Century World History syllabus for the IB History programme. It is divided into thematic sections, following the IB syllabus structure and is written in clear, accessible English. It covers the following areas for detailed study: Africa: South Africa 1991-2000; Americas: United States 1953-73; Asia and Oceania: India 1947- 64; and Europe and Middle East: Weimar Germany 1919-33. The content is tailored to the requirements and assessment objectives of the syllabus and provides opportunities for students to make comparisons between different regions and time periods.
Author: Sarah Dunham
Publisher: Princeton Review
ISBN: 9780375766268
Category : Bachelor of arts degree
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Explores how to transform degrees in history or political science into rewarding careers and includes tips on how to pursue further academic study, fellowships and internships, and entry-level jobs.
Author: Brian Brivati
Publisher: Burns & Oates
ISBN: 9780718522636
Category : Great Britain
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Examines the extent to which the Second World War made a difference to British politics and economics, society and the citizen, and Britain's role in the world.
Author: David Williamson
Publisher: Hodder Education
ISBN: 1471839257
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
A new book for Paper 2, World History Topic 12: The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries (20th Century) Readable and rigorous coverage that gives you the depth of knowledge and skills development required for the Diploma. Provides: - Reliable, clear and in-depth narrative from topic experts - Analysis of the historiography surrounding key debates - Dedicated exam practice with model answers and practice questions - TOK support activities and Historical Investigation questions to help with all aspects of the Diploma Tailored exactly to the Diploma, it also helps you develop analytical skills through the widest variety of sources at this level. Other titles in the series: - The Move to Global War - Rights and Protest - Authoritarian States
Author: Allan Todd
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521189322
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
An exciting new series that covers the five Paper 2 topics of the IB 20th Century World History syllabus. This stimulating coursebook covers Paper 2, Topic 5, The Cold War, in the 20th Century World History syllabus for the IB History programme. The book is divided into thematic sections, following the IB syllabus structure and is written in clear, accessible English. It covers the following areas for detailed study: Wartime conferences: Yalta and Potsdam; US policies and developments in Europe: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO; Soviet policies: Sovietisation of Eastern and Central Europe, COMECON, Warsaw Pact; Sino-Soviet relations; US-Chinese relations; Germany; and Castro, Gorbachev, Kennedy, Mao, Reagan, Stalin, Truman.
Author: Allan Todd
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107640202
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
An exciting series that covers selected topics from the Higher Level options in the IB History syllabus. This coursebook covers Higher Level option 5, Topic 8, Interwar Years: Conflict and Cooperation 1919-39. The text is divided into clear sections following the IB syllabus structure and content specifications. It offers a sound historical account along with detailed explanations and analysis, and an emphasis on historical debate to prepare students for the in-depth, extended essay required in the Paper 3 examination. It also provides plenty of exam practice including student answers with examiner's comments, simplified mark schemes and practical advice on approaching the Paper 3 examination.
Author: Sally Waller
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316503666
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
To support study of History for the IB Diploma Paper 3, revised for first assessment in 2017. This coursebook covers Paper 3, History of Europe, Topic 12.in HL Option 4 of the syllabus for first assessment in 2017. Tailored to the Higher Level requirements of the IB syllabus and written by experienced IB History examiners and teachers, it offers authoritative and engaging guidance through the topic.
Author: Dublin city, univ
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
