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Author: Peter Erm K
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783846532508
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
The capability of non-interfering measurements together with the vast range of detection schemes allows application of optical spectroscopy in a variety of experiments. The aim of this work was the development and application of some of these new spectroscopic methods for the study and diagnostics of gases and plasma. In the dielectric barrier discharge the interest was focused on the description of the excited electronic states population variations during the period of discharge by the use of the fast broad-band emission spectroscopy. The application of the Cavity ring-down spectrometer to detect the singlet oxygen in the microwave plasma afterglow is described as second application in plasma. In the field of new methods the work describes the development of a new laser source - Vertical external cavity surface emitting laser and of a small, fast, robust and low-cost NO2 and NO3 detector based on the Incoherent broad-band cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The dissertation should be useful mainly for the readers thinking about the application of these methods in their experiments as well as to anyone who is interested to discover more about their physical background.
Author: Peter Erm K
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783846532508
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
The capability of non-interfering measurements together with the vast range of detection schemes allows application of optical spectroscopy in a variety of experiments. The aim of this work was the development and application of some of these new spectroscopic methods for the study and diagnostics of gases and plasma. In the dielectric barrier discharge the interest was focused on the description of the excited electronic states population variations during the period of discharge by the use of the fast broad-band emission spectroscopy. The application of the Cavity ring-down spectrometer to detect the singlet oxygen in the microwave plasma afterglow is described as second application in plasma. In the field of new methods the work describes the development of a new laser source - Vertical external cavity surface emitting laser and of a small, fast, robust and low-cost NO2 and NO3 detector based on the Incoherent broad-band cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The dissertation should be useful mainly for the readers thinking about the application of these methods in their experiments as well as to anyone who is interested to discover more about their physical background.
Author: Stefan Welzel
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832523456
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) employing both tuneable diode and quantum cascade lasers (TDLs, QCLs) has been applied with both high sensitivity and high time resolution to plasma diagnostics and trace gas measurements. TDLAS combined with a conventional White type multiple pass cell was used to detect up to 13 constituent molecular species in low pressure Ar/H2/N2/O2 and Ar/CH4/N2/O2 microwave discharges, among them the main products such as H2O, NH3, NO and CO, HCN respectively. The hydroxyl radical has been measured in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral range in-situ in both plasmas yielding number densities of between 1011 ... 1012 cm-3. Strong indications of surface dominated formation of either NH3 or N2O and NO were found in the H2-N2-O2 system. In methane containing plasmas a transition between deposition and etching conditions and generally an incomplete oxidation of the precursor were observed. The application of QCLs for IRLAS under low pressure conditions employing the most common tuning approaches has been investigated in detail. A new method of analysing absorption features quantitatively when the rapid passage effect is present is proposed. If power saturation is negligible, integrating the undisturbed half of the line profile yields accurate number densities without calibrating the system. By means of a time resolved analysis of individual chirped QCL pulses the main reasons for increased effective laser line widths could be identified. Apart from the well-known frequency down chirp non-linear absorption phenomena and bandwidth limitations of the detection system may significantly degrade the performance and accuracy of inter pulse spectrometers. The minimum analogue bandwidth of the entire system should normally not fall below 250 MHz. QCLAS using pulsed lasers has been used for highly time resolved measurements in reactive plasmas for the first time enabling a time resolution down to about 100 ns to be achieved. A temperature increase of typically less than 50 K has been established for pulsed DC discharges containing Ar/N2 and traces of NO. The main NO production and depletion reactions have been identified from a comparison of model calculations and time resolved measurements in plasma pulses of up to 100 ms. Considerable NO struction is observed after 5 ... 10 ms due to the impact of N atoms. Finally, thermoelectrically cooled pulsed and continuous wave (cw) QCLs have been employed for high finesse cavity absorption spectroscopy in the MIR. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been performed with pulsed QCLs and was found to be limited by the intrinsic frequency chirp of the laser suppressing an efficient intensity build-up inside the cavity. Consequently the accuracy and advantage of an absolute internal absorption calibration is not achievable. A room temperature cw QCL was used in a complementary cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) configuration which was equipped with different cavities of up to 1.3 m length. This spectrometer yielded path lengths of up to 4 km and a noise equivalent absorption down to 4 x 10-8 cm-1Hz-1/2. The corresponding molecular concentration detection limit (e.g. for CH4, N2O and C2H2 at 1303 cm-1/7.66 Aem) was generally below 1 x 1010 cm-3 for 1 s integration times and one order of magnitude less for 30 s integration times. The main limiting factor for achieving even higher sensitivity is the residual mode noise of the cavity. Employing a 0.5 m long cavity the achieved sensitivity was good enough for the selective measurement of trace atmospheric constituents at 2.2 mbar.
Author: Hans Griem
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323150942
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas deals with spectral line broadening by plasmas and covers topics ranging from quasi-static approximation and impact approximation to intermediate approximations and correlation effects. Experimental results for hydrogen lines, lines with forbidden components, and ionized helium lines are presented. Applications such as density and temperature measurements are also considered. Comprised of four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of electric fields from electrons and ions (both acting as point charges) on spectral line shapes. The next chapter surveys theoretical work, paying particular attention to quasi-static, impact, and intermediate approximations as well as correlation effects. Stark broadening experiments are then discussed, with special emphasis on experiments capable of checking the accuracy or validity limits of the various approximations. The final chapter is devoted to applications in laboratory plasma physics and astronomy, focusing on density and temperature measurements and opacity calculations as well as the analysis of stellar atmospheres, amplitudes and spectra of plasma waves, and radio frequency lines. This book should appeal to students, practitioners, and researchers in pure and applied physics.
Author: Hans-Joachim Kunze
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642022332
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Although based on lectures given for graduate students and postgraduates starting in plasma physics, this concise introduction to the fundamental processes and tools is as well directed at established researchers who are newcomers to spectroscopy and seek quick access to the diagnostics of plasmas ranging from low- to high-density technical systems at low temperatures, as well as from low- to high-density hot plasmas. Basic ideas and fundamental concepts are introduced as well as typical instrumentation from the X-ray to the infrared spectral regions. Examples, techniques and methods illustrate the possibilities. This book directly addresses the experimentalist who actually has to carry out the experiments and their interpretation. For that reason about half of the book is devoted to experimental problems, the instrumentation, components, detectors and calibration.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080561543
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439
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Book Description
This series, established in 1965, is concerned with recent developments in the general area of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. The field is in a state of rapid growth, as new experimental and theoretical techniques are used on many old and new problems. Topics covered also include related applied areas, such as atmospheric science, astrophysics, surface physics, and laser physics. Articles are written by distinguished experts who are active in their research fields. The articles contain both relevant review material as well as detailed descriptions of important recent developments.
Author: Takashi Fujimoto
Publisher: Clarendon Press
ISBN: 0191523895
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
This book focuses on the characteristics of optical radiation, or a spectrum, emitted by various plasmas. In plasma, the same atomic species can produce quite different spectra, or colours, depending on the nature of the plasma. This book gives a theoretical framework by which a particular spectrum can be interpreted correctly and coherently. The uniqueness of the book lies in its comprehensive treatment of the intensity distribution of spectral lines and the population density distribution among the atomic levels in plasmas. It is intended to provide beginners with a good perspective of the field, laying out the physics in an extremely clear manner and starting from an elementary level. A useful feature of the book is the asterisked sections and chapters which can be skipped by readers who only wish to gain a quick and basic introduction to plasma spectroscopy. It will also be useful to researchers working actively in the field, acting as a guide for carrying out experiments and interpreting experimental observations.
Author: Y. Kuzyakov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Ėduard Alekseevich Sviridenkov
Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Author: Ronald K. Hanson
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319369396
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
This text provides an introduction to the science that governs the interaction of light and matter (in the gas phase). It provides readers with the basic knowledge to exploit the light-matter interaction to develop quantitative tools for gas analysis (i.e. optical diagnostics) and understand and interpret the results of spectroscopic measurements. The authors pair the basics of gas‐phase spectroscopy with coverage of key optical diagnostic techniques utilized by practicing engineers and scientists to measure fundamental flow‐field properties. The text is organized to cover three sub‐topics of gas‐phase spectroscopy: (1) spectral line positions, (2) spectral line strengths, and (3) spectral lineshapes by way of absorption, emission, and scattering interactions. The latter part of the book describes optical measurement techniques and equipment. Key subspecialties include laser induced fluorescence, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, and wavelength modulation spectroscopy. It is ideal for students and practitioners across a range of applied sciences including mechanical, aerospace, chemical, and materials engineering.
Author: Electrochemical Society. High Temperature Materials Division
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Vapor-plating
Languages : en
Pages : 1296
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Book Description
