Guiding Active Particles Through Surface Interactions PDF Download

Author: Jaideep Katuri
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Living organisms and systems are continually converting energy, either internally stored or transduced from their surroundings, into motion. This activity and the resulting self-propulsion constantly push these biological systems out of thermal equilibrium. A number of exotic phenomenon result from the intrinsic non-equilibrium nature of these living systems, that are not accessible in a system at thermal equilibrium. In recent years, these ubiquitous non-equilibrium systems have come to be classified as active matter. Active matter, by definition, refers to systems composed of active units, each capable of converting ambient or stored energy into systematic movement. Examples range from the sub-micrometer scale, with microtubules associated with motor proteins in the cytoplasm, to the micrometer length scales of swimming bacteria, and the meter-length scales of greater familiarity, such as that of fish and birds. There are two common themes that run through all these active matter systems. The first is the emergence of correlated collective phenomenon through particle-particle interactions as exemplified in flocking of birds, swarming of bacteria and crystallization of self-propelled particles. And the second is the ability of the active units to interact with their surroundings through self-propulsion. Common examples of this include chemotaxis and rheotaxis, observed in many biological systems. In this thesis, I have focussed on studying the ability of artificial active matter systems to respond to their local environment. As a model active matter system, we use colloidal active particles, that propel due to self-diffusiophoresis. These particles coated with two different materials on each half are referred to as Janus particles. In a solution of H2O2, one of the sides has catalytic properties (Pt), while the other half remains inert (SiO2). This creates a concentration gradient of the reaction product along the surface of the particle and induces a phoretic slip, which propels the particle. We study the dynamics of these self-phoretic particles close to solid surfaces. The particles interact with their surroundings via hydrodynamic and phoretic effects and we observe that when confined closed to a surface, a strong alignment interaction comes into play. This effect can be used to guide micron sized active particles along predetermined pathways. We then exploit this alignment interaction to design micropatterned ratchets capable of generating a strong directional flow of active particles. A different geometry of the same system can also be used to accumulate active particles in confined areas. Finally, we study the influence of an applied external shear flow on the dynamics of active particles near surfaces. We find that a strong directional response emerges for the active particles in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction leading to the cross-stream migration of active particles. This response is dependent on the applied shear flow and the propulsion velocity of the particle, potentially opening up a possibility to sort particles of different activities based on their response to shear flows. Overall, our results indicate that active particles can have a strong directional response in certain environments allowing us to engineer ways of guiding them.