Growth of Rhizobium Japonicum Strains and Their Symbiotic Relationship with Soybean Plants (Glycine Max, Merr.). PDF Download
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Author: Farida Hassan Badawy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rhizobium japonicum
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Author: Farida Hassan Badawy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rhizobium japonicum
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Author: Mary Christine Huber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ultrastructure (Biology)
Languages : en
Pages : 1202
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As much as 80% of the seed protein found in soybean seeds can be attributed to the nitrogen-fixing activity of the microsymbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, that resides in root nodules of soybean. The effectiveness of this combination is limited, however, and the duration of nitrogen fixation lasts only about 3 weeks. B. japonicum infects soybean roots by inducing formation of infection threads and cortical cell division centers that will form nodule primordia. Once this organism reaches these centers, it infects the cells by the process of endocytosis. The microsymbiont resides within them in a specialized structure, known as a symbiosome. In this study I examined ultrastructurally and biochemically the development of this symbiotic relationship by infecting the soybean cultivar Williams 82 with four closely-related strains of B. japonicum. I report here that symbiotic effectiveness (persistence of nitrogen fixation) is dependent upon the ability of these microorganisms both to infect and persist within the root nodule. I also present evidence that ultrastructurally observable host defense responses are correlated with limited infection potential and the early decline of nitrogen fixation.
Author: Patrick Knowlton Worsham Howle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Author: KorblaEdwin Akley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Microbial inoculation of grain legumes improves crop yield and soil quality. Grain legumes such as soybean as requires host specific Brayrhizobium japonicum to enhance growth, nitrogen fixation, and grain yield. However, limited information exists on how commercial Bradyrhizobium inoculants affect symbiotic plant performance and yield of soybean, and as well as soil health in Ghana's cropping systems. A field study (2-yr) was conducted at CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute's experimental field at Nyankpala, Ghana to determine the impacts of Bradyrhizobium inoculants on; (1) growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, grain yield of soybean, and (2) soil biological and chemical properties. We also evaluated the commercial inoculants effects on the subsequent maize and soybean crops. The experiment was laid out as a split-plot design where the main plot consisted of tropical soybean (Glycine max crosses (TGX)) varieties; Jenguma (TGX1448-2E), Afayak (TGX1834-5E), and Songda (TGX 1445-3E). The subplot consisted of three commercial Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants with different strains, Biofix (USDA 110), NoduMax (USDA 110) and Legumefix (USDA 532c) plus an uninoculated control. Assessment was made on nodulation pattern, shoot biomass, nitrogen fixation, grain yield, and residual N balance. Bulk and rhizosphere soils were sampled and analyzed for soil pH, available soil N (NO3-N and NH4+-N) and P, and soil microbial community structure by phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Inoculants improved nodulation, shoot biomass, nitrogen fixation and grain yield of soybean. Greater responses were associated with NoduMax and Biofix. Inoculation increased grain yield by ~30 %. Commercial inoculants also increased microbial biomass, and available P and NH4+-N. Afayak outperformed the other soybean varieties for biomass dry matter, nodulation (nodule number) and grain yield. Afayak also stimulated greater microbial biomass and available P compared to Jenguma. Furthermore, enhance microbial biomass was found in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil due to soil enrichment with root exudate and commercial inoculants. In assessing, the previous year commercial inoculants effect on the subsequent soybean and maize crops, three (3) independent mineral N fertilizer rates (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1) were added to the soybean-maize rotation phase. Biofix yielded superior maize shoot dry matter and grain yield. Maize grain yield from previous commercial inoculants was equivalent to grain yield from 50 kg N ha-1mineral N fertilizer ). Thus inoculating soybean with commercial inoculants reduced mineral N nutrition for the subsequent maize crop by 50%. In the soybean-soybean phase, the previous Biofix and the uninoculated control produced significant soybean grain yield than the previous NoduMax. In conclusion, TGX soybean varieties exhibited superior performance when inoculated with commercial inoculants especially Biofix and NoduMax. However yearly inoculation of soybean is needed to sustain enhanced grain yield and soil quality in Northern Ghana.
Author: Narendra Tuteja
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461450012
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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The mechanisms underlying endurance and adaptation to environmental stress factors in plants have long been the focus of intense research. Plants overcome environmental stresses by development of tolerance, resistance or avoidance mechanisms, adjusting to a gradual change in its environment which allows them to maintain performance across a range of adverse environmental conditions. Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress presents the latest ideas and trends on induced acclimation of plants to environmental stresses under changing environment. Written by experts around the globe, this volume adds new dimensions in the field of plant acclimation to abiotic stress factors. Comprehensive and lavishly illustrated, Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress is a state-of-the-art guide suited for scholars and researchers working in the field of crop improvement, genetic engineering and abiotic stress tolerance.
Author: Timothy R. McDermott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Author: Paul Larry Mask
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Author: Renee Mary Kosslak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rhizobium
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Author: K. Krishna Mohan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Author: Sivramiah Shantharam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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