Ground-based Remote Sensing of the Summer Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Reno, Nevada, USA, Using Infrared Spectroscopy PDF Download
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Author: Narayan Adhikari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thesis
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the lowermost part of the atmosphere in the vicinity of the Earth's surface. It plays a vital role in the exchange of heat, momentum, humidity and other trace substances with the Earth's surface. The boundary layer is extremely important for air quality and health related issues as it is associated with the first few kilometers above the surface. Boundary layer height diurnally evolves as solar radiation waxes and wanes. Though balloon soundings of atmospheric temperature, pressure, and winds are performed in many world-wide locations, they are only done twice a day, primarily for large scale weather forecasting applications, leaving much of the boundary layer evolution and structure without assessment. Ground-based remote sensing methods have been developed to provide detailed knowledge of the boundary layer. This thesis presents the surface-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer measurements of the downwelling thermal infrared radiance spectrum emitted by various gases in the cloud-free atmosphere. Measurements were carried out both in early morning hours and late in the afternoon where the temperature profile changes from inverted due to overnight radiative cooling by the surface, to super adiabatic due to intense solar heating at the surface. The measured spectra are compared to the model spectra to infer the structure of the boundary layer. A simple approximate analytical expression for the weighting function, which is crucial to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and retrieve the temperature and gaseous concentration profiles of the ABL, has been developed. The validity of the analytical form of the weighting function was evaluated by comparison with a numerical model.
Author: Narayan Adhikari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thesis
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the lowermost part of the atmosphere in the vicinity of the Earth's surface. It plays a vital role in the exchange of heat, momentum, humidity and other trace substances with the Earth's surface. The boundary layer is extremely important for air quality and health related issues as it is associated with the first few kilometers above the surface. Boundary layer height diurnally evolves as solar radiation waxes and wanes. Though balloon soundings of atmospheric temperature, pressure, and winds are performed in many world-wide locations, they are only done twice a day, primarily for large scale weather forecasting applications, leaving much of the boundary layer evolution and structure without assessment. Ground-based remote sensing methods have been developed to provide detailed knowledge of the boundary layer. This thesis presents the surface-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer measurements of the downwelling thermal infrared radiance spectrum emitted by various gases in the cloud-free atmosphere. Measurements were carried out both in early morning hours and late in the afternoon where the temperature profile changes from inverted due to overnight radiative cooling by the surface, to super adiabatic due to intense solar heating at the surface. The measured spectra are compared to the model spectra to infer the structure of the boundary layer. A simple approximate analytical expression for the weighting function, which is crucial to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and retrieve the temperature and gaseous concentration profiles of the ABL, has been developed. The validity of the analytical form of the weighting function was evaluated by comparison with a numerical model.
Author: Alain Chedin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642845991
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
One of major challenges facing Earth's science in the next decade and beyondis the development of an accurate long term observational data set to study global change. To accomplish this, a wide range of observations will be required to provide both new measurements, not previously achievable and measurements with a greater degreee of accuracy and resolution than the ones which are presently and currently available. Among the parameters that are currently retrieved from satellite vertical sounding observations, temperature and moisture profiles are the most important for the description of the thermodynamic state of the medium. Other parameters, like those describing the cloud fields, the surface state or the conditions close to the surface are also key parameters for meteorology and climatology. A new generation of high spectral atmospheric sounders in the infrared has recently been designed to provide both new and more accurate data about the atmosphere, land and oceans for application to climate studies. Among the important observations that these instruments should contribute to the climate data set are day and night global measurements of: atmospheric temperature profiles; relative humidity profiles; cloud field parameters; total ozone burden of the atmosphere; distribution of minor atmospehric gases (methane, carbonmonoxide and nitrous oxide).
Author: Dale A. Quattrochi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203502175
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 487
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Book Description
Although remote sensing is recognized as a powerful tool, less attention has been given in the past to the use of thermal, and especially thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing. TIR data is useful for understanding the fluxes and redistribution of materials as a key aspect of land surface processes and land-atmosphere inter-relationships. This book
Author: Huajun Tang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642420273
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive and advanced overview of the basic theory of thermal remote sensing and its application in hydrology, agriculture, and forestry. Specifically, the book highlights the main theory, assumptions, advantages, drawbacks, and perspectives of these methods for the retrieval and validation of surface temperature/emissivity and evapotranspiration from thermal infrared remote sensing. It will be an especially valuable resource for students, researchers, experts, and decision-makers whose interest focuses on the retrieval and validation of surface temperature/emissivity, the estimation and validation of evapotranspiration at satellite pixel scale, and the application of thermal remote sensing. Both Prof. Huajun Tang and Prof. Zhao-Liang Li work at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), China.
Author: Donald R. Fitzgerald
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
The development of selected techniques for the remote measurement of winds, shear, turbulence, aerosols, and temperature and moisture profiles has been outlined in some detail. Emphasis has been placed on techniques that may provide high-resolution data in the vicinity of airbases. A representative and fairly extensive list of references to the evolution of the various techniques has been prepared. The FM-CW radar and CO2 pulse Doppler laser have been identified as valuable for low-level wind and shear measurements. Strong downdraft conditions may be identified through use of infrared thermal anomaly detectors. Temperature and moisture profiles may be obtained through a combination of active sounding for profile inflection points and thermal or microwave multichannel radiometry.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1034
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
This paper first presents a general description of an atmospheric remote sensing method using ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry in spectral measurement & inversion. The method is proposed & analyzed as a possible substitute to radiosondes in the context of three specific applications. First, the method is evaluated for predicting slant path transmittances based on retrieved profiles of temperature & water vapour. The potential of this approach is verified through calculations performed to compare transmittances generated with radiosonde profiles and retrieved profiles. Second, the remote detection of pollutants by FTIR emission spectroscopy usually requires that the background atmospheric contribution be subtracted from measurement, leading to a background-free signature from which mixing ratios can be estimated. An analysis is performed to evaluate the accuracy of computing spectral residuals based on retrieved profiles rather than radiosonde profiles. Finally, ground-based observations of cloud emissions in the infrared leads to investigation of a simple method for estimating the transmittance & apparent temperature of clouds. The method takes advantage of the cloud extinction effects on the ozone emission near 9.6 microns.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: Wave Propagation Laboratory
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Remote sensing
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Author: Hervé Herbin
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119018501
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This book is designed to provide the theoretical, but most of all, the practical bases needed for the achievement of atmospheric composition analyses from infrared remote sensing.
