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Author: G. S. Innis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461299292
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Perspectives on the ELM Model and Modeling Efforts This volume is the major open-literature description of a comprehensive, pioneering ecological modeling effort. The ELM model is one of the major outputs of the United States Grassland Biome study, a contribution to the International Biological Program (IBP). Writing this introduction provides wel come personal opportunity to (i) review briefly the state of the art at the beginning of the ELM modeling effort in 1971, (ii) to discuss some aspects of the ELM model's role in relation to other models and other phases of the Grassland Biome study, and (iii) to summarize the evolution of ELM or its components since 1973. Pre-Program Historical Perspective My first major contacts with ecological simulation modeling were in 1960 when I was studying intraseasonal herbage dynamics and nutrient production on foothill grasslands in southcentral Montana, making year-round measurements of the aboveground live vegetation, the standing dead, and the litter. Limitations in funding and the rockiness of the foothill soils prevented measuring the dynamics of the root biomass, both live and dead. Herbage biomass originates in live shoots from which it could be translocated into live roots or the live shoots could transfer to standing dead or to litter. Standing dead vegetation must end up in the litter and the live roots eventually transfer to dead roots. Obviously, the litter and the dead roots must decay away.
Author: G. S. Innis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461299292
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317
Get Book Here
Book Description
Perspectives on the ELM Model and Modeling Efforts This volume is the major open-literature description of a comprehensive, pioneering ecological modeling effort. The ELM model is one of the major outputs of the United States Grassland Biome study, a contribution to the International Biological Program (IBP). Writing this introduction provides wel come personal opportunity to (i) review briefly the state of the art at the beginning of the ELM modeling effort in 1971, (ii) to discuss some aspects of the ELM model's role in relation to other models and other phases of the Grassland Biome study, and (iii) to summarize the evolution of ELM or its components since 1973. Pre-Program Historical Perspective My first major contacts with ecological simulation modeling were in 1960 when I was studying intraseasonal herbage dynamics and nutrient production on foothill grasslands in southcentral Montana, making year-round measurements of the aboveground live vegetation, the standing dead, and the litter. Limitations in funding and the rockiness of the foothill soils prevented measuring the dynamics of the root biomass, both live and dead. Herbage biomass originates in live shoots from which it could be translocated into live roots or the live shoots could transfer to standing dead or to litter. Standing dead vegetation must end up in the litter and the live roots eventually transfer to dead roots. Obviously, the litter and the dead roots must decay away.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grassland ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author: J. H. M. Thornley
Publisher: Cabi
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
The development of computer simulation models is an important growth area in both pure and applied ecology. The opportunity that mathematical models provide to integrate the components of an ecosystem, results in the ability to make quantitative predictions about the future behavior of that system, or of elements within it. This means that they are powerful tools with wide applications and enormous potential for increasing our understanding of natural systems and our ability to use them in a sustainable way. This book is, almost uniquely, a complete account of one such model, the Hurley Pasture Model, a dynamic, deterministic, mechanistic simulation model for grassland, which has been developed by the author over some 20 years, in collaboration with scientists at several centers. Firstly, the rationale and theoretical elements of this type of model are described. An overview of the Hurley grassland simulator and the derivation and construction of its plant, animal, soil and litter, water, and environment and management components is then given. Next, the model is evaluated by a series of long and short-term dynamic simulations and steady state responses, which demonstrate how predictions can be made about the effects of, for example, climate change or particular regimes of fertilizer application, grazing or cutting. This book will be of great value to grassland agronomists and modellers, crop physiologists and plant ecologists, and to students of ecology as a case study of a plant ecosystem model. It will also be of interest to other ecologists and environmentalists and those in the field of computer modelling and its applications.
Author: David S. Powlson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642610943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
Soil organic matter (SOM) represents a major pool of carbon within the biosphere, roughly twice than in atmospheric CO2. SOM models embody our best understanding of soil carbon dynamics and are needed to predict how global environmental change will influence soil carbon stocks. These models are also required for evaluating the likely effectiveness of different mitigation options. The first important step towards systematically evaluating the suitability of SOM models for these purposes is to test their simulations against real data. Since changes in SOM occur slowly, long-term datasets are required. This volume brings together leading SOM model developers and experimentalists to test SOM models using long-term datasets from diverse ecosystems, land uses and climatic zones within the temperate region.
Author: Franklin Jacob Crider
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Brian D. Fath
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 008091456X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 4292
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Book Description
The groundbreaking Encyclopedia of Ecology provides an authoritative and comprehensive coverage of the complete field of ecology, from general to applied. It includes over 500 detailed entries, structured to provide the user with complete coverage of the core knowledge, accessed as intuitively as possible, and heavily cross-referenced. Written by an international team of leading experts, this revolutionary encyclopedia will serve as a one-stop-shop to concise, stand-alone articles to be used as a point of entry for undergraduate students, or as a tool for active researchers looking for the latest information in the field. Entries cover a range of topics, including: Behavioral Ecology Ecological Processes Ecological Modeling Ecological Engineering Ecological Indicators Ecological Informatics Ecosystems Ecotoxicology Evolutionary Ecology General Ecology Global Ecology Human Ecology System Ecology The first reference work to cover all aspects of ecology, from basic to applied Over 500 concise, stand-alone articles are written by prominent leaders in the field Article text is supported by full-color photos, drawings, tables, and other visual material Fully indexed and cross referenced with detailed references for further study Writing level is suited to both the expert and non-expert Available electronically on ScienceDirect shortly upon publication
Author: Sven Erik Jorgensen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439818134
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 636
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Book Description
It is estimated that roughly 1000 new ecological and environmental models join the ranks of the scientific literature each year. The international peer-reviewed literature reports some 20,000 new models spanning the period from 1970-2010. Just to keep abreast of the field it is necessary to design a handbook of models that doesn't merely list them,
Author: Abad Chabbi
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039282220
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
This book is a remarkable work that brings together the most recent international research on grassland management, covering a broad range of topics and geographical areas. The different contributions explore the complex relationships between landscape, climate features, and soil fertility with the support of observational data and modeling. Clearly, this is a wide and multifaceted area of research that opens up new prospects for the management of a biome, which should no longer be considered only as a feed resource for domestic herbivore farming, but also—and above all—as a source of ecosystem services to society and a contributor to the sustainability of agriculture. Textbooks like this positively demonstrate the importance and significance of how grassland science, when viewed in this way, can make tangible the progress in understanding the complexity of grassland management and its current and future challenges.
Author: Jonathan Li
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401798133
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
The chapters in this book present state-of-the-art geomatics technologies applied in global environmental studies. This text provides the latest research findings and delivers complete references to related publications. This book will motivate the undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and practitioners to better understand the environmental changes with informed solutions. Global Change studies are increasingly considered a vital source of information to understand the Earth Environment, especially in the framework of human-induced, climate change and land use transformation. Satellite Earth Observing systems and geomatics technologies provide a unique tool to monitor and model the changes, respectively. While the range of applications and innovative techniques are always increasing, this book provides a summary of key study cases where satellite data offers critical information to understand the usefulness of the geomatics technologies and global environmental issues. Geomatics technologies provide powerful tools to model and analyze the effects of those global environmental changes towards minimizing their adverse impacts on human health and the environment.
Author: Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030618641
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 37th Computer Graphics International Conference, CGI 2020, held in Geneva, Switzerland, in October 2020. The conference was held virtually. The 43 full papers presented together with 3 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 189 submissions. The papers address topics such as: virtual reality; rendering and textures; augmented and mixed reality; video processing; image processing; fluid simulation and control; meshes and topology; visual simulation and aesthetics; human computer interaction; computer animation; geometric computing; robotics and vision; scientific visualization; and machine learning for graphics.
