Grain Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L). Moench] Hybrid Response to Chloroacetanilide Herbicides and Herbicide Safeners PDF Download
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Author: David L. Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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![Grain Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L). Moench] Hybrid Response to Chloroacetanilide Herbicides and Herbicide Safeners PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/UfRPNwAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: David L. Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Author: Vusumuzi Meshack Mkhonta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Herbicide safeners
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Author: D. L. Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Herbicide safeners
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Author: Balaji Aravindhan Pandian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] is a versatile crop with multiple uses, including for food, feed, and fuel. Postemergence (POST) grass weed control continues to be a major challenge in grain sorghum, primarily due to a lack of herbicide options registered for POST use. The 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- (e.g., mesotrione or tembotrione) and acetolactate synthase (ALS)- inhibitor (e.g., chlorsulfuron) herbicides are used for POST control of a broad-spectrum of weeds including grasses in corn and wheat but not in sorghum, due to crop injury. The development of herbicide-resistant sorghum technology to facilitate broad-spectrum POST weed control can be an economical and viable solution. Previously we have identified four sorghum genotypes, two each resistant to mesotrione (G-1 and G-10), tembotrione (G-200 and G-350) and, one susceptible genotype (S-1) from the sorghum association panel. Further, we found that the genotype S-1 is highly resistant to chlorsulfuron. The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) investigate the inheritance, mechanism, and identify genetic loci conferring resistance to mesotrione and tembotrione, 2) characterize, and investigate the inheritance and mechanism of resistance to chlorsulfuron in grain sorghum. To understand the inheritance of the mesotrione and tembotrione resistance, F1 and F2 progeny were generated by performing crosses using S-1 and G-1, G-10, G-200, or G-350. The F1 and F2 progeny were evaluated for their response to various doses of mesotrione and tembotrione treatment. Likewise, chlorsulfuron dose-response experiments were conducted using S-1 along with BTx623, a susceptible check and also F1 and F2 progeny were generated by crossing S-1 and BTx623. The results of genetic analyses of the F1 and F2 progeny demonstrated that the mesotrione resistance in G-1 and G-10 is a single dominant trait, and while the tembotrione resistance in G-200 and G-350 is a partially dominant polygenic trait. Further, sequencing of HPPD gene, the molecular target of mesotrione and tembotrione in the resistant genotypes, revealed no mutations known to bestow resistance. Additionally, the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in metabolizing mesotrione and tembotrione, using CYP-inhibitors, malathion and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was also assessed. The results indicated a significant reduction in biomass accumulation in sorghum plants pre-treated with malathion or PBO, suggesting the involvement of CYPs in the metabolism of mesotrione and tembotrione. Bulk segregation analysis combined with RNA-Seq (BSR-seq) was used to identify the genomic region associated with mesotrione resistance; however, the sequence analyses was unable to map the resistance gene within a smaller interval. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) based quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed three QTLs associated with tembotrione resistance in G-200. The results of the chlorsulfuron dose-response assay indicated that S-1 and F1 progeny were ~20-fold, more resistant to chlorsulfuron relative to BTx623. Segregation of F2 progeny into 3:1 (resistance: susceptibility), suggested that chlorsulfuron resistance in S-1 is a single dominant trait. Sequence analysis of the ALS gene, the molecular target of chlorsulfuron from S-1 revealed no mutations that confer resistance to chlorsulfuron; however, a significant reduction in biomass accumulation was found in plants pre-treated with malathion, indicating that the metabolism of chlorsulfuron contributes to resistance in S-1. Overall, the results of this dissertation provide opportunities to develop herbicide-resistant sorghum hybrids via introgression, which can help effective, POST weed management.
Author: Loren Victoria Goodrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Rafael de Prado
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792345817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
In recent decades, repeated use of herbicides in the same field has imposed selection for resistance in species that were formerly susceptible. On the other hand, considerable research in the private and public sectors has been directed towards introducing herbicide tolerance into susceptible crop species. The evolution of herbicide resistance, understanding its mechanisms, characterisation of resistant weed biotypes, development of herbicide-tolerant crops and management of resistant weeds are described throughout the 36 chapters of this book. It has been written by leading researchers based on the contributions made at the International Symposium on Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides held at Córdoba, Spain. This book will be a good reference source for research scientists and advanced students.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 792
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 724
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Author: Marcelo Larramendy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533079754
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
The content selected in Herbicides, Theory and Applications is intended to provide researchers, producers and consumers of herbicides an overview of the latest scientific achievements. Although we are dealing with many diverse and different topics, we have tried to compile this "raw material" into three major sections in search of clarity and order - Weed Control and Crop Management, Analytical Techniques of Herbicide Detection and Herbicide Toxicity and Further Applications. The editors hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in the methodology of use of herbicides, weed control as well as problems related to its use, abuse and misuse.
Author: Peter Böger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642639722
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Chemical pest control is in use in practically every country in the world since agrochemicals play a decisive role in ensuring food supply and protection against damage by pests, insects and pathogenic fungi. Particularly in the half century since World War II, food production has risen dramatically in most parts of the world. In the last 20 years, the yield of major crops has roughly doubled in Western agriculture and there is still the potential for further achievements, particularly in the developing countries. The world's cereal and rice production, now more than 2 billion tons/year, has to increase by 2. 4% annually to cope with the rising food demand caused mainly by the growing population and improvement of living standards in most of the developing countries. Such a demand for food has to be achieved by higher yields from the restricted arable land already in use. Global farm land resources are about 1. 4 billion ha, of which 1. 2 billion ha is cultivated with major crops. Experts agree that a future substantial addition of new produc tive areas is unlikely. Those with a high yield potential are already in use; new fields with a lower output may possibly be obtained by cultivation of arid or cold areas. More recently, new areas of large-scale farmland have been devel oped in tropical regions of Latin America, primarily in Argentina and Brazil, at the cost of the destruction of tropical rain forest.
