Author: Jyanzi Kong
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789812458780
Category : Architectural design
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The experience of seeing space in its relationship with matter is inherent in the gap between the visible and invisible in architecture. This book examines architecture where the complexities of chance, atmosphere, situation and circumstance are amalgamated into geometry of the unconscious. From this, new architecture can be realised not only based upon accepted norms of modernity but also upon cultural context and origin. Such geometry is an endpoint that involves a continuity of perception, conception and action. Contents: Counterfeiting the Libido: The Crisis of Architectural Production in a 'Decolonised' Archipelago The Trinity of Creation: Seeing, Doing and Thinking Geometry of the Unconscious and its Phenomenological Position BeingSpace Constellation of the Uncertain AUTHOR: Jyanzi Kong began teaching at the Department of Architecture, Cornell University. Subsequently, he taught at the College of Architecture, University of Houston and Montana State University. Since 1985, he taught at the School of Architecture, National University of Singapore and the Raffles Institute of Design, DongHua University in Shanghai. He has served as Guest Critic at the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University and several American schools of architecture, including SCI-ARC. He has presented papers in various international conferences including the Union of International Architects in Barcelona, 1996. His professional practice covered both sides of the Atlantic. He was Architect-in-Design with the office of O M Angers in Cologne, Germany, while on the American Coast he worked with several architectural firms. Jyanzi conducts architectural explorations in design studios and lectures on contemporary topics related to architecture and its urban determinants.
Geometry of the Unconscious
Author: Jyanzi Kong
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789812458780
Category : Architectural design
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The experience of seeing space in its relationship with matter is inherent in the gap between the visible and invisible in architecture. This book examines architecture where the complexities of chance, atmosphere, situation and circumstance are amalgamated into geometry of the unconscious. From this, new architecture can be realised not only based upon accepted norms of modernity but also upon cultural context and origin. Such geometry is an endpoint that involves a continuity of perception, conception and action. Contents: Counterfeiting the Libido: The Crisis of Architectural Production in a 'Decolonised' Archipelago The Trinity of Creation: Seeing, Doing and Thinking Geometry of the Unconscious and its Phenomenological Position BeingSpace Constellation of the Uncertain AUTHOR: Jyanzi Kong began teaching at the Department of Architecture, Cornell University. Subsequently, he taught at the College of Architecture, University of Houston and Montana State University. Since 1985, he taught at the School of Architecture, National University of Singapore and the Raffles Institute of Design, DongHua University in Shanghai. He has served as Guest Critic at the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University and several American schools of architecture, including SCI-ARC. He has presented papers in various international conferences including the Union of International Architects in Barcelona, 1996. His professional practice covered both sides of the Atlantic. He was Architect-in-Design with the office of O M Angers in Cologne, Germany, while on the American Coast he worked with several architectural firms. Jyanzi conducts architectural explorations in design studios and lectures on contemporary topics related to architecture and its urban determinants.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789812458780
Category : Architectural design
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The experience of seeing space in its relationship with matter is inherent in the gap between the visible and invisible in architecture. This book examines architecture where the complexities of chance, atmosphere, situation and circumstance are amalgamated into geometry of the unconscious. From this, new architecture can be realised not only based upon accepted norms of modernity but also upon cultural context and origin. Such geometry is an endpoint that involves a continuity of perception, conception and action. Contents: Counterfeiting the Libido: The Crisis of Architectural Production in a 'Decolonised' Archipelago The Trinity of Creation: Seeing, Doing and Thinking Geometry of the Unconscious and its Phenomenological Position BeingSpace Constellation of the Uncertain AUTHOR: Jyanzi Kong began teaching at the Department of Architecture, Cornell University. Subsequently, he taught at the College of Architecture, University of Houston and Montana State University. Since 1985, he taught at the School of Architecture, National University of Singapore and the Raffles Institute of Design, DongHua University in Shanghai. He has served as Guest Critic at the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University and several American schools of architecture, including SCI-ARC. He has presented papers in various international conferences including the Union of International Architects in Barcelona, 1996. His professional practice covered both sides of the Atlantic. He was Architect-in-Design with the office of O M Angers in Cologne, Germany, while on the American Coast he worked with several architectural firms. Jyanzi conducts architectural explorations in design studios and lectures on contemporary topics related to architecture and its urban determinants.
The Optical Unconscious
Author: Rosalind E. Krauss
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262611053
Category : Design
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Book Description
The Optical Unconscious is a pointed protest against the official story of modernism and against the critical tradition that attempted to define modern art according to certain sacred commandments and self-fulfilling truths. The account of modernism presented here challenges the vaunted principle of "vision itself." And it is a very different story than we have ever read, not only because its insurgent plot and characters rise from below the calm surface of the known and law-like field of modernist painting, but because the voice is unlike anything we have heard before. Just as the artists of the optical unconscious assaulted the idea of autonomy and visual mastery, Rosalind Krauss abandons the historian's voice of objective detachment and forges a new style of writing in this book: art history that insinuates diary and art theory, and that has the gait and tone of fiction. The Optical Unconscious will be deeply vexing to modernism's standard-bearers, and to readers who have accepted the foundational principles on which their aesthetic is based. Krauss also gives us the story that Alfred Barr, Meyer Shapiro, and Clement Greenberg repressed, the story of a small, disparate group of artists who defied modernism's most cherished self-descriptions, giving rise to an unruly, disruptive force that persistently haunted the field of modernism from the 1920s to the 1950s and continues to disrupt it today. In order to understand why modernism had to repress the optical unconscious, Krauss eavesdrops on Roger Fry in the salons of Bloomsbury, and spies on the toddler John Ruskin as he amuses himself with the patterns of a rug; we find her in the living room of Clement Greenberg as he complains about "smart Jewish girls with their typewriters" in the 1960s, and in colloquy with Michael Fried about Frank Stella's love of baseball. Along the way, there are also narrative encounters with Freud, Jacques Lacan, Georges Bataille, Roger Caillois, Gilles Deleuze, and Jean-François Lyotard. To embody this optical unconscious, Krauss turns to the pages of Max Ernst's collage novels, to Marcel Duchamp's hypnotic Rotoreliefs, to Eva Hesse's luminous sculptures, and to Cy Twombly's, Andy Warhol's, and Robert Morris's scandalous decoding of Jackson Pollock's drip pictures as "Anti-Form." These artists introduced a new set of values into the field of twentieth-century art, offering ready-made images of obsessional fantasy in place of modernism's intentionality and unexamined compulsions.
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262611053
Category : Design
Languages : en
Pages : 374
Book Description
The Optical Unconscious is a pointed protest against the official story of modernism and against the critical tradition that attempted to define modern art according to certain sacred commandments and self-fulfilling truths. The account of modernism presented here challenges the vaunted principle of "vision itself." And it is a very different story than we have ever read, not only because its insurgent plot and characters rise from below the calm surface of the known and law-like field of modernist painting, but because the voice is unlike anything we have heard before. Just as the artists of the optical unconscious assaulted the idea of autonomy and visual mastery, Rosalind Krauss abandons the historian's voice of objective detachment and forges a new style of writing in this book: art history that insinuates diary and art theory, and that has the gait and tone of fiction. The Optical Unconscious will be deeply vexing to modernism's standard-bearers, and to readers who have accepted the foundational principles on which their aesthetic is based. Krauss also gives us the story that Alfred Barr, Meyer Shapiro, and Clement Greenberg repressed, the story of a small, disparate group of artists who defied modernism's most cherished self-descriptions, giving rise to an unruly, disruptive force that persistently haunted the field of modernism from the 1920s to the 1950s and continues to disrupt it today. In order to understand why modernism had to repress the optical unconscious, Krauss eavesdrops on Roger Fry in the salons of Bloomsbury, and spies on the toddler John Ruskin as he amuses himself with the patterns of a rug; we find her in the living room of Clement Greenberg as he complains about "smart Jewish girls with their typewriters" in the 1960s, and in colloquy with Michael Fried about Frank Stella's love of baseball. Along the way, there are also narrative encounters with Freud, Jacques Lacan, Georges Bataille, Roger Caillois, Gilles Deleuze, and Jean-François Lyotard. To embody this optical unconscious, Krauss turns to the pages of Max Ernst's collage novels, to Marcel Duchamp's hypnotic Rotoreliefs, to Eva Hesse's luminous sculptures, and to Cy Twombly's, Andy Warhol's, and Robert Morris's scandalous decoding of Jackson Pollock's drip pictures as "Anti-Form." These artists introduced a new set of values into the field of twentieth-century art, offering ready-made images of obsessional fantasy in place of modernism's intentionality and unexamined compulsions.
The Other Within
Author: Daniel Deardorff
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1644115697
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
Reveals myth and “otherness” as keys to restoring self, nature, and society • Shows how myths contain medicine to restore wholeness amidst trauma, exile, sudden life change, disability, illness, death, or grief • Synthesizes lessons from shamanic practice, quantum physics, alchemy, soul poetry, wildness, social justice, and the author’s lived experience • Discloses the blessings of outsiderhood and the gifts and insights gained and contributed to culture by those who are marginalized and outcast There is an “other” that lives within each of us, an exiled part that carries wisdom needed for ourselves and the culture at large. Having survived disabling polio as an infant, Daniel Deardorff knows the oppressions of exclusion and outsiderhood. He guides readers on an initiatory journey through ancient myth, literature, and personal revelation to discover our own true identity. These 10,000-year-old stories contain sacred medicine with insights that release imagination and restore wholeness amid trauma, exile, climate chaos, disability, illness, death, and grief. Illustrating how archetypal figures of the Other--the Trickster, Daimon, Not-I, etc.--hold paradox, Deardorff teaches us to reframe disparities of self/other, civilization/ wilderness, form/deformity and transform the experience of being outcast. Synthesizing lessons from shamanic practice, quantum physics, alchemy, social justice, and his own lived experience, Deardorff affirms the disruptive and transgressive forces that break through dogma, conventionality, and prejudice. He discloses blessings of outsiderhood and gifts to culture by those who are marginalized. Through mythmaking (mythopoesis), the experience of Otherness--cultural, racial, religious, sexual, physiognomic--becomes one of empowerment, a catalyst for human liberation.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1644115697
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
Reveals myth and “otherness” as keys to restoring self, nature, and society • Shows how myths contain medicine to restore wholeness amidst trauma, exile, sudden life change, disability, illness, death, or grief • Synthesizes lessons from shamanic practice, quantum physics, alchemy, soul poetry, wildness, social justice, and the author’s lived experience • Discloses the blessings of outsiderhood and the gifts and insights gained and contributed to culture by those who are marginalized and outcast There is an “other” that lives within each of us, an exiled part that carries wisdom needed for ourselves and the culture at large. Having survived disabling polio as an infant, Daniel Deardorff knows the oppressions of exclusion and outsiderhood. He guides readers on an initiatory journey through ancient myth, literature, and personal revelation to discover our own true identity. These 10,000-year-old stories contain sacred medicine with insights that release imagination and restore wholeness amid trauma, exile, climate chaos, disability, illness, death, and grief. Illustrating how archetypal figures of the Other--the Trickster, Daimon, Not-I, etc.--hold paradox, Deardorff teaches us to reframe disparities of self/other, civilization/ wilderness, form/deformity and transform the experience of being outcast. Synthesizing lessons from shamanic practice, quantum physics, alchemy, social justice, and his own lived experience, Deardorff affirms the disruptive and transgressive forces that break through dogma, conventionality, and prejudice. He discloses blessings of outsiderhood and gifts to culture by those who are marginalized. Through mythmaking (mythopoesis), the experience of Otherness--cultural, racial, religious, sexual, physiognomic--becomes one of empowerment, a catalyst for human liberation.
The Geometric Unconscious
Author: Sheldon Museum of Art
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 0803240929
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Inspired by the Sheldon Museum of Art’s holdings in geometric abstraction, this book introduces adventurous new thinking about a visual approach that has captivated both artists and viewers for more than a century. Four richly illustrated essays explore the European genesis of geometric abstraction, its translation into an American context, and its current direction, charting the style’s aesthetic, intellectual, and social implications. Sharon L. Kennedy’s essay draws on the Sheldon’s collection to trace the style’s beginnings and its various transformations by twentieth-century American artists. Peter Halley invokes contemporary theory in rethinking how postmodern artists engage with geometry while challenging its most basic presumptions. Jeremy Gilbert-Rolfe delves into the work of four contemporary artists who are taking geometry in new directions, and Jorge Daniel Veneciano reveals the persistent manner in which theorists and defenders of geometric abstraction have obscured aspects of its history and contributed to the esoteric aura of modern art. Featured throughout are full-color reproductions of art from both the Sheldon and private collections, including paintings, sculptures, and works on paper by diverse artists such as Ilya Bolotowsky, Carmen Herrera, Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Piet Mondrian, Odili Donald Odita, Frank Stella, and Charmion von Wiegand.
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 0803240929
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Inspired by the Sheldon Museum of Art’s holdings in geometric abstraction, this book introduces adventurous new thinking about a visual approach that has captivated both artists and viewers for more than a century. Four richly illustrated essays explore the European genesis of geometric abstraction, its translation into an American context, and its current direction, charting the style’s aesthetic, intellectual, and social implications. Sharon L. Kennedy’s essay draws on the Sheldon’s collection to trace the style’s beginnings and its various transformations by twentieth-century American artists. Peter Halley invokes contemporary theory in rethinking how postmodern artists engage with geometry while challenging its most basic presumptions. Jeremy Gilbert-Rolfe delves into the work of four contemporary artists who are taking geometry in new directions, and Jorge Daniel Veneciano reveals the persistent manner in which theorists and defenders of geometric abstraction have obscured aspects of its history and contributed to the esoteric aura of modern art. Featured throughout are full-color reproductions of art from both the Sheldon and private collections, including paintings, sculptures, and works on paper by diverse artists such as Ilya Bolotowsky, Carmen Herrera, Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Piet Mondrian, Odili Donald Odita, Frank Stella, and Charmion von Wiegand.
Framing the Unconscious
Author: John Adam Spanier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
The Lost Cause of Rhetoric
Author: David Metzger
Publisher: SIU Press
ISBN: 9780809318551
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Book Description
. Metzger points out that contemporary researchers in rhetoric often assume a definition of rhetoric for the purpose of classification; distinguishing, for instance, among a medieval rhetoric, a feminist rhetoric, or a phenomenological rhetoric. This kind of research, he believes, examines rhetoric in terms of what it was or might be, but not in terms of what it actually is.
Publisher: SIU Press
ISBN: 9780809318551
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Book Description
. Metzger points out that contemporary researchers in rhetoric often assume a definition of rhetoric for the purpose of classification; distinguishing, for instance, among a medieval rhetoric, a feminist rhetoric, or a phenomenological rhetoric. This kind of research, he believes, examines rhetoric in terms of what it was or might be, but not in terms of what it actually is.
The System Guide – Human Design
Author: The Energence
Publisher: The Energence, Inc.
ISBN:
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
"The System Guide - Human Design Vol. I" is an all-in-one book dedicated to the Human Design System. Adopting a building-block approach, the guide dives deep into the System's concepts, thoroughly covering every topic and System component over its 400 colored pages. As readers progress, each concept naturally builds upon the previous, supplemented by meticulously crafted illustrations and diagrams that breakdown both the inherent mechanics of the System and the interactive dynamics of its myriad components. Introduced in 1987 by its founder, Ra Uru Hu, the Human Design System offers a unique framework that enables individuals to navigate life more effectively. It was synthesized by melding the knowledge of modern quantum physics and astronomy with the ancient wisdom of the Hindu Chakras, the Kabbalah, the Chinese I Ching, and Western astrology. "The System Guide" streamlines Ra Uru Hu's teachings for today's learners, employing contemporary language, a minimalist aesthetic, and a pedagogically friendly structure in order to improve information retention. Embark on a journey of cosmic self-discovery with the Human Design System Guide. Learn to discern your inherent abilities and inner energies from external, societal conditioning. Lay the groundwork for a life filled with purpose and fulfillment by harnessing the transformative power of self-awareness and acquiring the insights to celebrate your uniqueness. Deepen your understanding of yourself, fostering greater empathy as you uncover and grasp the energies that influence the behaviors of those around you and their impact on your Human Design.
Publisher: The Energence, Inc.
ISBN:
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
"The System Guide - Human Design Vol. I" is an all-in-one book dedicated to the Human Design System. Adopting a building-block approach, the guide dives deep into the System's concepts, thoroughly covering every topic and System component over its 400 colored pages. As readers progress, each concept naturally builds upon the previous, supplemented by meticulously crafted illustrations and diagrams that breakdown both the inherent mechanics of the System and the interactive dynamics of its myriad components. Introduced in 1987 by its founder, Ra Uru Hu, the Human Design System offers a unique framework that enables individuals to navigate life more effectively. It was synthesized by melding the knowledge of modern quantum physics and astronomy with the ancient wisdom of the Hindu Chakras, the Kabbalah, the Chinese I Ching, and Western astrology. "The System Guide" streamlines Ra Uru Hu's teachings for today's learners, employing contemporary language, a minimalist aesthetic, and a pedagogically friendly structure in order to improve information retention. Embark on a journey of cosmic self-discovery with the Human Design System Guide. Learn to discern your inherent abilities and inner energies from external, societal conditioning. Lay the groundwork for a life filled with purpose and fulfillment by harnessing the transformative power of self-awareness and acquiring the insights to celebrate your uniqueness. Deepen your understanding of yourself, fostering greater empathy as you uncover and grasp the energies that influence the behaviors of those around you and their impact on your Human Design.
Sacred Geometry for Artists, Dreamers, and Philosophers
Author: John Oscar Lieben
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1620557029
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 538
Book Description
An illustrated guide to harmonics--the sacred geometry principles that underlie the natural world--and its practical applications • Demonstrates how the vesica piscis is a matrix from which ideas and forms emanate, connecting cosmic time cycles, measures of space, and musical tones • Provides harmonic analyses of ancient sculpture, architecture, the solar system, the Earth-Moon relationship, and the structure of water and waves • Explains how to apply sacred geometry to create building floor plans, pottery figures, gardens, and sacred ceremonial spaces We are in the midst of a revival of an ancient way of looking at the world--an approach that enabled great civilizations of the past to bring forth inventions of great beauty and power. This school of thought--harmonics--envisioned the natural world and the solar system as an interlocking matrix of harmonious numbers, perfectly woven into the creative fabric of life and the surrounding universe. Exploring the art and science of harmonics, John Oscar Lieben shows how to create harmonious forms using the ancient tools of number, geometry, and musical tone--an approach that resonates with nature’s own ways of creation. He demonstrates many practical applications that result from the study of harmonics, providing analyses of ancient sculpture and architecture, as well as original examples of building floor plans, pottery figures based on planetary proportions, gardens based on harmonic principles, and ceremonial spaces that honor cosmic harmonies and sacred geometric relationships. Showing how harmonics can also be applied to the mysteries of time and space, the author demonstrates how the vesica piscis and many other variations of the vesica shape reveal numerical synchronicities and correspondences that connect cosmic time cycles, measures of space, and musical tones. The author applies harmonics and the “vesica construction” matrix to illustrate many of nature’s wonders, including the Earth-Moon relationship, the interactions of the Golden Number and the musical scale, and how the Flower of Life symbol connects the universal field with the pattern of raindrops falling on a pond. Offering an approach to sacred geometry that pairs the mystical with the practical, the cosmic with the earthly, the author reveals how the art and science of harmonics should be required study for both the artist and the seeker of eternal truths as well as the scientist who seeks an entrance into the sacred foundations of nature.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1620557029
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 538
Book Description
An illustrated guide to harmonics--the sacred geometry principles that underlie the natural world--and its practical applications • Demonstrates how the vesica piscis is a matrix from which ideas and forms emanate, connecting cosmic time cycles, measures of space, and musical tones • Provides harmonic analyses of ancient sculpture, architecture, the solar system, the Earth-Moon relationship, and the structure of water and waves • Explains how to apply sacred geometry to create building floor plans, pottery figures, gardens, and sacred ceremonial spaces We are in the midst of a revival of an ancient way of looking at the world--an approach that enabled great civilizations of the past to bring forth inventions of great beauty and power. This school of thought--harmonics--envisioned the natural world and the solar system as an interlocking matrix of harmonious numbers, perfectly woven into the creative fabric of life and the surrounding universe. Exploring the art and science of harmonics, John Oscar Lieben shows how to create harmonious forms using the ancient tools of number, geometry, and musical tone--an approach that resonates with nature’s own ways of creation. He demonstrates many practical applications that result from the study of harmonics, providing analyses of ancient sculpture and architecture, as well as original examples of building floor plans, pottery figures based on planetary proportions, gardens based on harmonic principles, and ceremonial spaces that honor cosmic harmonies and sacred geometric relationships. Showing how harmonics can also be applied to the mysteries of time and space, the author demonstrates how the vesica piscis and many other variations of the vesica shape reveal numerical synchronicities and correspondences that connect cosmic time cycles, measures of space, and musical tones. The author applies harmonics and the “vesica construction” matrix to illustrate many of nature’s wonders, including the Earth-Moon relationship, the interactions of the Golden Number and the musical scale, and how the Flower of Life symbol connects the universal field with the pattern of raindrops falling on a pond. Offering an approach to sacred geometry that pairs the mystical with the practical, the cosmic with the earthly, the author reveals how the art and science of harmonics should be required study for both the artist and the seeker of eternal truths as well as the scientist who seeks an entrance into the sacred foundations of nature.
Atlas of Emotion
Author: Giuliana Bruno
Publisher: Verso Books
ISBN: 178663323X
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 1133
Book Description
Atlas of Emotion is a highly original endeavour to map a cultural history of spatio-visual arts. In an evocative montage of words and pictures, emphasises that "sight" and "site" but also "motion" and "emotion" are irrevocably connected. In so doing, Giuliana Bruno touches on the art of Gerhard Richter and Annette Message, the film making of Peter Greenaway and Michelangelo Antonioni, the origins of the movie palace and its precursors, and her own journeys to her native Naples. Visually luscious and daring in conception, Bruno opens new vistas and understandings at every turn.
Publisher: Verso Books
ISBN: 178663323X
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 1133
Book Description
Atlas of Emotion is a highly original endeavour to map a cultural history of spatio-visual arts. In an evocative montage of words and pictures, emphasises that "sight" and "site" but also "motion" and "emotion" are irrevocably connected. In so doing, Giuliana Bruno touches on the art of Gerhard Richter and Annette Message, the film making of Peter Greenaway and Michelangelo Antonioni, the origins of the movie palace and its precursors, and her own journeys to her native Naples. Visually luscious and daring in conception, Bruno opens new vistas and understandings at every turn.
Visual Experience
Author: Gary Hatfield
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199597278
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 273
Book Description
Many of us have been fascinated by visual illusions at some point, and have asked ourselves why something can look like one thing when it is fact something else. How can we perceive two different things, when the light coming into our eyes stays constant? This book brings together psychologists and philosophers to explore this aspect of vision.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199597278
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 273
Book Description
Many of us have been fascinated by visual illusions at some point, and have asked ourselves why something can look like one thing when it is fact something else. How can we perceive two different things, when the light coming into our eyes stays constant? This book brings together psychologists and philosophers to explore this aspect of vision.