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Author: Jong Kuk Na
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Inositol
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: The objective of this study was to increase the resistance of crops (tobacco and tomato) to water deficit stress. To achieve this goal transgenic plants were generated using two genes, a putative tomato type I inositol 5 polyphosphatase (5PTase) that terminates inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) signaling and ABRE binding factor ABF4 derived from Arabidopsis. Inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3), as one of phosphoinositides, is known to transduce a stress signal by changing its level in response to water deficit, osmotic stress, and low temperature in plants. Recently it was shown that type I inositol 5 phosphatases (5PTases), At5PTase1 and AtIP5PII/At5PTase2, regulate IP3 level in plant like in animals and that up-regulation of these genes decreases IP3 levels which leads to a reduction in the expression of ABA-/drought-responsive genes in Arabidopsis. On the basis of sequence similarity to Arabidopsis 5PTases, four tomato cDNAs (Le5PT1-4) that encode putative tomato type I 5PTase proteins were identified. Predicted protein sequences of identified Le5PTs had conserved catalytic domains that are required for 5PTase enzyme activity. Two clones, Le5PT1 and Le5PT2 were similar to AtIP5PII/At5PTase2 and At5PTase1, respectively. The expression of Le5PT1 was down-regulated in early time point under dehydration, NaCl, and exogenous ABA treatment, indicating that Le5PT1 may play a negative role in stress signaling. Transgenic tobacco plants with 35S:Le5PT1 did exhibit weak expression of the drought inducible gene, NtERD10B, but did not show correlation with resistance to water deficit stress. AtABF4, a bzip transcription factor, is known to induce the expression of ABA-responsive genes. The expression of Arabidopsis ABF4/AREB2 gene under the control of guard cell specific KST1 promoter was shown to significantly increase drought tolerance in tobacco and tomato plants. The transgenic plants exhibit significantly lower water loss per unit leaf area compared to wild type plants. ABF4-mGFP protein strongly accumulated in guard cell nuclei. The possibility that ABF4 protein can activate 4XKST1-rd29B:mGFP-GUS fusion construct in a water stress dependent manner was tested. The results show that ABF4 itself may not be sufficient to induce GUS expression even under water stress.
Author: Jong Kuk Na
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Inositol
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Abstract: The objective of this study was to increase the resistance of crops (tobacco and tomato) to water deficit stress. To achieve this goal transgenic plants were generated using two genes, a putative tomato type I inositol 5 polyphosphatase (5PTase) that terminates inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) signaling and ABRE binding factor ABF4 derived from Arabidopsis. Inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3), as one of phosphoinositides, is known to transduce a stress signal by changing its level in response to water deficit, osmotic stress, and low temperature in plants. Recently it was shown that type I inositol 5 phosphatases (5PTases), At5PTase1 and AtIP5PII/At5PTase2, regulate IP3 level in plant like in animals and that up-regulation of these genes decreases IP3 levels which leads to a reduction in the expression of ABA-/drought-responsive genes in Arabidopsis. On the basis of sequence similarity to Arabidopsis 5PTases, four tomato cDNAs (Le5PT1-4) that encode putative tomato type I 5PTase proteins were identified. Predicted protein sequences of identified Le5PTs had conserved catalytic domains that are required for 5PTase enzyme activity. Two clones, Le5PT1 and Le5PT2 were similar to AtIP5PII/At5PTase2 and At5PTase1, respectively. The expression of Le5PT1 was down-regulated in early time point under dehydration, NaCl, and exogenous ABA treatment, indicating that Le5PT1 may play a negative role in stress signaling. Transgenic tobacco plants with 35S:Le5PT1 did exhibit weak expression of the drought inducible gene, NtERD10B, but did not show correlation with resistance to water deficit stress. AtABF4, a bzip transcription factor, is known to induce the expression of ABA-responsive genes. The expression of Arabidopsis ABF4/AREB2 gene under the control of guard cell specific KST1 promoter was shown to significantly increase drought tolerance in tobacco and tomato plants. The transgenic plants exhibit significantly lower water loss per unit leaf area compared to wild type plants. ABF4-mGFP protein strongly accumulated in guard cell nuclei. The possibility that ABF4 protein can activate 4XKST1-rd29B:mGFP-GUS fusion construct in a water stress dependent manner was tested. The results show that ABF4 itself may not be sufficient to induce GUS expression even under water stress.
Author: Matthew A. Jenks
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402055773
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 819
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Book Description
With near-comprehensive coverage of new advances in crop breeding for drought and salinity stress tolerance, this timely work seeks to integrate the most recent findings about key biological determinants of plant stress tolerance with modern crop improvement strategies. This volume is unique because is provides exceptionally wide coverage of current knowledge and expertise being applied in drought and salt tolerance research.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309437385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607
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Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Author: Satbir Singh Gosal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331990650X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
During the past 15 years, cellular and molecular approaches have emerged as valuable adjuncts to supplement and complement conventional breeding methods for a wide variety of crop plants. Biotechnology increasingly plays a role in the creation, conservation, characterization and utilization of genetic variability for germplasm enhancement. For instance, anther/microspore culture, somaclonal variation, embryo culture and somatic hybridization are being exploited for obtaining incremental improvement in the existing cultivars. In addition, genes that confer insect- and disease-resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, herbicide tolerance and quality traits have been isolated and re-introduced into otherwise sensitive or susceptible species by a variety of transgenic techniques. Together these transformative methodologies grant access to a greater repertoire of genetic diversity as the gene(s) may come from viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects, animals, human beings, unrelated plants or even be artificially derived. Remarkable achievements have been made in the production, characterization, field evaluation and commercialization of transgenic crop varieties worldwide. Likewise, significant advances have been made towards increasing crop yields, improving nutritional quality, enabling crops to be raised under adverse conditions and developing resistance to pests and diseases for sustaining global food and nutritional security. The overarching purpose of this 3-volume work is to summarize the history of crop improvement from a technological perspective but to do so with a forward outlook on further advancement and adaptability to a changing world. Our carefully chosen “case studies of important plant crops” intend to serve a diverse spectrum of audience looking for the right tools to tackle complicated local and global issues.
Author: Narendra Tuteja
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9783527632930
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Abiotic stress, such as high salinity and drought is the most common challenge for sustainable food production in large parts of the world, in particular in emerging countries. The ongoing and expected global climate change will further increase these challenges in many areas, making improved stress resistance of crops a key topic for the 21st Century. Proteomics, genomics and metabolomics are methods allowing for the rapid and complete analysis of the complete physiology of crop plants. This knowledge in turn, is the prerequisite for improvements of crop resistance against abiotic stress through genetic engineering or traditional breeding methods. Improving Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stress is a double-volume, up-to-date overview of current progress in improving crop quality and quantity using modern methods such as proteomics, genomics and metabolomics. With this particular emphasis on genetic engineering, this text focuses on crop improvement under adverse conditions, paying special attention to such staple crops as rice, maize, and pulses. It includes an excellent mix of specific examples, such as the creation of nutritionally-fortified rice and a discussion of the political and economic implications of genetically engineered food. The result is a must-have hands-on guide, ideally suited for Agricultural Scientists, Students of Agriculture, Plant Physiologists, Plant Breeders, Botanists and Biotechnologists. Sections include: PART I Climate Change and Abiotic Stress Factors PART II Methods to Improve Crop Productivity PART III Species-Specific Case Studies: Graminoids, Leguminosae, Rosaceae
Author: Parvaiz Ahmad
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128126906
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Plant Metabolites and Regulation Under Environmental Stress presents the latest research on both primary and secondary metabolites. The book sheds light on the metabolic pathways of primary and secondary metabolites, the role of these metabolites in plants, and the environmental impact on the regulation of these metabolites. Users will find a comprehensive, practical reference that aids researchers in their understanding of the role of plant metabolites in stress tolerance. Highlights new advances in the understanding of plant metabolism Features 17 protocols and methods for analysis of important plant secondary metabolites Includes sections on environmental adaptations and plant metabolites, plant metabolites and breeding, plant microbiome and metabolites, and plant metabolism under non-stress conditions
Author: Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319324233
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
Drought is one of the most severe constraints to crop productivity worldwide, and thus it has become a major concern for global food security. Due to an increasing world population, droughts could lead to serious food shortages by 2050. The situation may worsen due to predicated climatic changes that may increase the frequency, duration and severity of droughts. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms associated with drought tolerance and to develop modern crop varieties that are more resilient to drought. Identification of the genes responsible for drought tolerance in plants will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that could enable crop plants to respond to drought. The discovery of novel drought related genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought, and determination of the functions these genes play in drought adaptation will provide a base to develop effective strategies to enhance the drought tolerance of crop plants. Plant breeding efforts to increase crop yields in dry environments have been slow to date mainly due to our poor understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in how plants respond to drought. In addition, when it comes to combining favourable alleles, there are practical obstacles to developing superior high yielding genotypes fit for drought prone environments. Drought Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2: Molecular and Genetic Perspectives combines novel topical findings, regarding the major molecular and genetic events associated with drought tolerance, with contemporary crop improvement approaches. This volume is unique as it makes available for its readers not only extensive reports of existing facts and data, but also practical knowledge and overviews of state-of-the-art technologies, across the biological fields, from plant breeding using classical and molecular genetic information, to the modern omic technologies, that are now being used in drought tolerance research to breed drought-related traits into modern crop varieties. This book is useful for teachers and researchers in the fields of plant breeding, molecular biology and biotechnology.
Author: R. J. Hillocks
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 9780851998831
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Cassava is a major tropical tuber crop found throughout the tropics (India, Oceania, Africa and Latin America). Hitherto, there has been no single text covering all aspects of cassava biology, production and utilization. This book fills that gap, representing the first comprehensive research level overview of this main staple crop. Chapters are written by leading experts in this field from all continents. The book is suitable for those working and researching in cassava, in both developed and developing countries, as well as advanced students.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 994
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Book Description
Author: Alvina Gul
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443266158
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Targeted Genome Engineering via CRISPR/Cas9 in Plants provides in-depth insights into the use of the emerging "CRISPR/Cas9" technology for precise genome editing. This technology has revolutionized plant science research particularly for crop improvement owing to its simplicity and efficiency. The book provides a wide range of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing techniques for a variety of plants. Chapters include the latest applications of CRISPR/Cas9 system in connection with abiotic stresses, biotic stresses, biofortification, yield improvement, disease modelling and prognosis and molecular diagnosis. Targeted Genome Engineering via CRISPR/Cas9 in Plants also evaluates various regulatory and ethical aspects that must be considered when implementing the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. This book is a valuable resource for professionals and researchers, as it provides effective CRISPR/Cas9-based strategies for sustainable agriculture and treatment of various diseases. - Explains basic mechanism and implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in a wide range of plants. - Provides practical guidance on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in different scientific disciplines of plant science. - Discusses the risks and challenges of genome engineering.
