Genetic and Phenotypic Relationships Among Production and Carcass Characteristics in Beef Cattle PDF Download
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Author: Leo Edwin Dubose
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Author: Leo Edwin Dubose
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Author: Lowell Lewis Wilson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Author: Kerri E. Bates
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Cattle temperament has historically influenced selection decisions due to ease of handling. However, temperament may also influence economically relevant traits. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between temperament, Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) incidence, and resulting carcass merit in feedlot steers. Across a two year period, 2,870 crossbred steers were shipped from a single ranch source to a feedlot. At the time of feedlot placement, as well as at the time of reimplantation, temperament was measured via chute score (CS) and exit velocity (EV). Blood samples were taken upon arrival to the feedlot to determine circulating concentrations of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and cortisol, both of which are involved in immune function. Performance traits, including weight and gains, were measured at feedlot placement (d 0), reimplantation (d 73-100), and again 59 to 70 days later. Recorded carcass data included HCW (HCW), USDA yield grade (YG), marbling score (MS), ribeye area, and lung scores. Phenotypic statistical analysis was performed with SAS statistical software (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC) and genetic parameters were estimated using ASREML (Ver. 3.0, VSN International, Ltd., Hemel Hempstead, UK). The pedigree file included records of 7,177 animals with up to 7 generation of pedigree. Contemporary group (CG, n=11) included initial ranch unit, date of arrival to the feedlot, feedlot pen, and processing dates. Fixed effects included in the model were pre-feedlot entry BRD treatment and CG. Cattle with higher CS at placement subsequently had more BRD incidence (P
Author: Lori Debra Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Author: Gerald Max Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Author: Manijeh B. Heidari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Author: Khathutshelo A. Nephawe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Author: Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Beef fatty acid (FA) composition has emerged as a trait of economic importance as consumers have become more aware of the relationship between diet and health. As a result, they are paying more attention on the health impact of the food they consume including the type of dietary fat. Clinical studies have shown that the type of dietary fat has a more profound impact on human health than the amount of fat in the diet. In animal studies, phenotypic variations of fatty acid contents in animal tissues are commonly observed. The objectives of this study were: (1) to estimate heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlation for FAs in the brisket adipose tissue, and heritabilities for FAs in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SQ) and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle in beef cattle, (2): to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations between FAs in the LL muscle with 6 carcass and 13 meat quality traits of economic importance, (3): to identify single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP) associated with FA composition in order to help in designing effective genetic selection tool / genotype based management program for selection of beef with healthier FA profile to meet consumers' demands. Heritability for 15 individual and 10 groups of FAs having a concentration greater than 0.5% was estimated in the brisket adipose of 223 Angus based crossbred steers, and for over 80 individual and groups of FAs in the LL muscle and SQ adipose tissue of 1366 crossbred steers and heifers using a univariate animal model. Across the three tissues, heritability ranged from 0 for 7c-17:1 in the LL and 7c-17:1, 12t-18:1, 6t, 8t-18:2, 9t, 11t-18:2, n-6/n-3 in the SQ to 0.68 ± 0.1 for 9c-16:1 in the LL nuscle tissue. The result suggested the presence of host animal genetic effects on some FAs, including harmful 14:0 (0.61 ±0.13 )and 16:0 (0.54 ±0.1 ), beneficial MUFA (0.44±0.09), and health index (0.54±0.1) in the muscle. The results also showed that non-genetic factors played a major role in determining the concentration of many other FAs in the muscle including 9c, 11t-18:2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 0.16 ±0.07) and vaccenic acid (18:1, trans-11, 0.24 ±0.08), which have been shown to benefit humam health. Phenotypic correlation between FAs in the brisket adipose tissue did not indicate significant antagonistic relationships between harmful and healthy FAs. The relationship revealed that reducing the concentration of harmful 16:0 would yield a correlated response of increased concentration of beneficial 9c-18:1, 11t-18:1, 9c,11t-18:2, and 18:3n3. However, in the LL muscle, genetic correlations revealed antagonistic relationships between monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and hot carcass weight (HCW) (-0.4±0.13) and between 18:3n3, 22:3n6, and total n-3 with marbling (MARB) (-0.82±0.11,-0.60±0.17, -0.84±0.11). For FAs and meat quality, unfavourable genetic relationships existed between 11t-18:1 with WBSF_29d, shear force on 26-day aged steaks and flavor (0.49±0.22, -0.37±0.32). There was also a moderate to strong antagonistic genetic relationship between beneficial polyunsaturated FAs, 9c, 11t-18:2, 18:3n3, 20:5n3, 22:6n3 and total omega 3 with meat quality traits particularly flavor, tenderness and juiciness. A two step bayesian analysis approach was used to evaluate the association of each of 15 individual and 10 grouped FAs for associations with 947 polymorphic SNP markers in 556 growth- and fat metabolism- related genes. The markers were developed and genotyped on 223 commercial crossbred beef steers that had FA profiles measured in brisket adipose tissue. The analyses identified 24 SNPs in 22 genes involved in various cellular processes were significantly associated with 8 FAs at a genome-wise threshold of P
Author: Darrell A. Busch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Author: Dorian Garrick
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780642210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
Since the time of domestication more than 10,000 years ago, cattle have played an increasingly crucial role in the development of human civilizations. Progress has been quite remarkable since the turn of the century; the sequencing of the bovine genome in 2009 launched new avenues for furthering our understanding of theoretical and practical aspects of cattle genetics. Covering a vast array of questions, this book reviews major topics from molecular and developmental genetics, disease resistance and immunogenetics to genetic improvement of dairy and beef breeds, addressing all current problems in the field. This second edition includes a new team of authors and completely new chapters on the genetics of fat production, nutrition, feed intake and efficiency, growth and body composition. Fully updated throughout, it provides a valuable resource on cattle genetics for researchers, breeders, veterinarians and postgraduate students.
