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Author: Fitsum Alemayehu Shenkute
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659143403
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important and diverse legume staples consumed worldwide, especially in Latin America and in East and southern Africa. Some 12 million metric tons are produced annually worldwide, of which about 8 million tons are from Latin America and Africa. Improving productivity of this crop is crucial to change the livelihood of the poor farmers. Generating genetic information is base for the improvement of crop via exploiting the existing and introduced genotypes. Prediction of the gene action at early stage also helps to know the existing variability early and to take breeding decision about the population.
Author: Fitsum Alemayehu Shenkute
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659143403
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important and diverse legume staples consumed worldwide, especially in Latin America and in East and southern Africa. Some 12 million metric tons are produced annually worldwide, of which about 8 million tons are from Latin America and Africa. Improving productivity of this crop is crucial to change the livelihood of the poor farmers. Generating genetic information is base for the improvement of crop via exploiting the existing and introduced genotypes. Prediction of the gene action at early stage also helps to know the existing variability early and to take breeding decision about the population.
Author: Marcelino Pérez de la Vega
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319635263
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
This book provides insights into the genetics and the latest advances in genomics research on the common bean, offering a timely overview of topics that are pertinent for future developments in legume genomics. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume crop for food consumption worldwide, as well as a model for legume research, and the availability of the genome sequence has completely changed the paradigm of the ongoing research on the species. Key topics covered include the numerous genetic and genomic resources, available tools, the identified genes and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified, and there is a particular emphasis on domestication. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the genetics and genomics of the common bean and legumes in general.
Author: Tamara Iva Miller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781085732857
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is consumed by millions of people worldwide and is a staple source of protein, starch and micronutrients. Common bean production across the world is affected by abiotic and biotic stresses that limit the growth and yield of this important crop. Efforts to breed improved common bean for dissemination to farmers and consumers in East Africa is underway in several breeding programs worldwide. Improvement on agronomic and consumer traits such as disease resistance can be greatly aided by the application of next generation sequencing technologies. With the decreasing cost of DNA sequencing, genomic re-sequencing of diverse common bean accessions facilitates marker- assisted breeding that can be used to speed the creation of new common bean cultivars. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an important aspect of modern bean breeding that seeks to utilize genetic markers to select individuals with improved agronomic and consumer traits. For example, breeders in the African Bean Consortium seek to introgress known genetic loci conferring resistance to multiple diseases into bean genetic backgrounds with preferred seed and agronomic characteristics. However, the usefulness of markers is dependent on whether they are polymorphic in the specific parents of the breeding program. Often genetic markers identified in a specific plant population are not useful for marker assisted selection among a different set of bean parents, which necessitates identification of novel markers linked to the genes of interest that are polymorphic among breeding parents. One disease that greatly affects common bean production in humid tropical and sub-tropical growing regions is Angular Leaf Spot (ALS; caused by the foliar fungus Pseudocercospora griseola Sacc.). Marker assisted breeding is being used in multiple different bean breeding programs to improve the resistance of adapted cultivars to ALS. The ALS resistance locus, Phg-2, is an important resistance locus used to improve plant resistance to Angular Leaf Spot in South America and Pan Africa, however in the case of the African Bean Consortium breeding programs in East Africa, certain bean parents used for breeding were monomorphic for the original marker used to perform marker assisted selection of Phg-2. In order to facilitate marker assisted selection of Phg-2 in specific breeding parents used in the Uganda bean improvement program, an alternative, co-dominant, marker linked to the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus was developed (Chapter 1). A new marker, g796, was identified which is polymorphic among the breeding parents; its co-segregation was confirmed in a segregating F2 population derived from the cross between French bean variety Amy and the ALS resistance donor, Mexico 54. This work was conducted in collaboration with Stephen Kimno and Esther Arunga at Embu University, Kenya, as well as other members of the African Bean Consortium bean breeding programs in Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia. The application of DNA sequencing to marker-assisted breeding and crop improvement is rapidly becoming common in the development of improved bean varieties. A nearly complete reference genome and transcriptome for Phaseolus vulgaris was released in 2014 and newly resequenced genomes of diverse bean accessions are being developed for the purpose of marker assisted breeding. In Chapter 2, whole-genome resequencing of 29 bean accessions, including accessions commonly used as breeding parents, was carried out in collaboration with the Ratz lab at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, Colombia). Genetic diversity analysis was performed in order to access the evolutionary relationships between the sequenced bean genomes. Data generated by this work was made available to the larger bean research community and will be used by breeders and geneticists to perform marker-assisted selection and genetic analysis in the future. Angular leaf spot (ALS) occurs throughout Eastern and Southern Africa (as well as other parts of the world) and can cause yield losses up to 80% in environments that favor the disease. ALS is caused by the fungal pathogen, Pseudocercospora griseola, a highly diverse pathogen with many different races that infect diverse types of bean hosts. Growing crop cultivars with genetic resistance to the disease is one of the most effective measures for farmers to reduce crop losses due to ALS. The landrace Mexico 54 is used as a donor for ALS resistance in East Africa and marker-assisted selection of the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus from Mexico 54 is underway in multiple breeding programs in order to increase the resistance of adapted bean germplasm in East Africa and Brazil. Previous allelism tests between different ALS resistance donors suggested additional resistance loci exist in Mexico 54 besides the Phg-2 locus and were named Phg-5 and Phg-6. The genomic locations of the proposed Phg-5 and Phg-6 resistance genes in Mexico 54 have never been investigated, however, the existence of multiple resistance loci in Mexico 54 is likely the cause of its high level of resistance to ALS on multiple continents. In Chapter 3, a biparental mapping population consisting of 167 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was derived from a cross between Kablanketi, a preferred bean market type in Tanzania, and Mexico 54 in order to map additional quantitative trait loci that confer resistance to ALS in Mexico 54. The identification of novel ALS resistance loci will aid breeders to develop resistant cultivars as well as provide a greater understanding of the genetic diversity that influences resistance to ALS.
Author: Wezi Esther Mkwaila
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303295126
Category : Common bean
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Author: R.L. Phillips
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401598150
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Book Description
With the new techniques described in this volume, a new gene can be placed on the linkage map within only a few days. Leading researchers have updated the earlier edition to include the latest versions of DNA-based marker maps for a variety of important crops.
Author: Di Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) are two crops central to indigenous America and of great global agricultural importance. However, the landraces of common bean are largely underrepresented in genebanks, and despite the importance of elements and tocochromanols to plant function and human health, there are still gaps in the understanding of the transport and accumulation of these nutrients in maize grain. Through the array of research tools offered by the field of population genomics and quantitative genetics, this dissertation works towards addressing such gaps. The genomic characterization of ~ 300 accessions of common bean from Native Seeds/SEARCH collected from southwestern US and northwestern Mexico established it as a unique and underrepresented resource that contained important genetic diversity. Five genes encoding MYB transcription factors proximal to the C locus were identified, which is a complex genomic region responsible for the primary control of seed coat patterns. An additional novel association for partial colored seed coats was identified on chromosome 10. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with high density SNP set and the 1500-line Ames panel, I investigated the genetic basis of natural variation for the concentration of 11 elements in grain and identified a total of nine causal genes encoding metal chelator or transporter. Notably, two novel associations were reported between rte2 and irt1 with boron and nickel, respectively, and a potential biofortification target, nas5, was identified for both zinc and iron. Similar moderate predictive abilities (0.33-0.53) were obtained for the 11 grain elemental phenotypes with Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR) and BayesB. However, BayesB, allowing SNPs to have large effects, had a better fit to the genetic architecture of nickel, molybdenum, and copper, thus outperforming BRR by 4-10%. Finally, through GWAS, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, 13 causal genes that were mostly under strong cis-regulatory control were identified to associate with tocochromanol levels in maize grain. Four genes were pinpointed to be associated with tocochromanol concentrations in maize grain, including vte5, dxs1, vte7, and samt. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates a multidisciplinary approach to characterize a unique common bean collection and the genetic control of its seed coat pattern, and provides a comprehensive assessment of the genetic basis of nutritional qualities in maize grain.
Author: Kristin Ann Schneider
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Kidney bean
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Author: Oswaldo Voysest
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beans
Languages : en
Pages : 1004
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Author: Katy Martin Rainey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Author: Sarita Khanal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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