Author: Rachel Brixey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Sexual development begins with the process by which the bipotential gonads of the embryonic urogenital ridge develop into either testes or ovaries. In the mouse, sex determination occurs at around 11.5 dpc and depends on the presence or absence of the Y chromosome and the associated activity of the testis-determining gene, Sry, in supporting cell precursors. The mutually antagonistic male and female developmental pathways are regulated by many cellular and molecular processes, disruption of which can lead to disorders of sex development (DSDs). However, many of the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of the two gonads are still unknown. The boygirl (byg) mutant was identified in an ENU-based forward genetic screen for embryos with gonadal abnormalities. On the C57BLl6J background, XY byg/byg homozygotes exhibited complete embryonic gonadal sex reversal. The defective gene in byg, Map3k4, is a component of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathway and provides the first evidence for a function of this pathway in sex determination. This thesis describes experiments aimed at investigating the cellular and molecular basis of the sex reversal phenotype associated with the XY Map3k4byglbyg mutant. Cellular characterisations revealed a defect in male-specific proliferation at 11.5 dpc, which was attributed to a defect in Sry up-regulation. Elucidation of the downstream kinases activated by MAP3K4 during sex determination was attempted, with particular focus on identifying a role for p38a MAP kinase (MAPK). Using a conditional knockout approach, the function of p38a in Steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf I)-positive somatic cells was assessed. However, specific inactivation in these cells did not affect gonad development. Conditional inactivation of Map3k4 itself in these Sf I-positive cells also did not disrupt gonad development, suggesting that this pathway is either initiated in a different cell lineage or at an earlier stage than deletion driven by Sfl-Cre can disrupt. Conditional inactivation of p38a in the Mullerian duct mesenchyme and ovarian granulosa cells using Amhr2-Cre did reveal a function for p38a in female fertility, but did not disrupt embryonic sexual development. Gene knockdown in organ culture was attempted to determine a role for multiple p38 MAPKs in all cell types of the gonad. Therefore, this thesis details further characterisations of a novel signalling pathway important for the expression of Sry, focussing on the role of the p38 MAPKs.
Author: Joan Marsh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Connects classical cellular descriptive studies with more recent work on the molecular and genetic aspects regarding germline development. Prominent scientists discuss research on a range of organisms including insects, worms, birds, fish, amphibia, mammals and green algae. Specification of germ cells, their migration to the gonads and subsequent interactions with the soma and evolutionary factors of their segregation are among the topics covered.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309070864
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.
Author: Francesc Posas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540755691
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
In this book leading researchers in the field discuss the state-of-the-art of many aspects of SAPK signaling in various systems from yeast to mammals. These include various chapters on regulatory mechanisms as well as the contribution of the SAPK signaling pathways to processes such as gene expression, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immune responses and tumorigenesis. Written by international experts, the book will appeal to cell biologists and biochemists.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Rafal P. Piprek
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319319736
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
This book presents the current state of knowledge on the origin and differentiation of cell lines involved in the development of the vertebrate male and female gonads with particular emphasis on the mouse. It also discusses the processes leading to the testis- and ovary-specific structures and functions. The individual chapters review the origin and differentiation of the somatic cells of the genital ridges; the formation and migration of primordial germ cells in mouse and man; the gonadal supporting cell lineage and mammalian sex determination; differentiation of Sertoli and granulosa cells; mesonephric cell migration into the gonads and vascularization; origin and differentiation of androgen-producing cells in the gonads; germ cell commitment to the oogenic versus spermatogenic pathway and the role of retinoic acid; ovarian folliculogenesis; control of oocyte growth and development by intercellular communication within the follicular niche; biology of the Sertoli cell in the fetal, pubertal and adult mammalian testis; mechanisms regulating spermatogonial differentiation; stem cells in mammalian gonads; the role of microRNAs in cell differentiation during gonad development; human sex development and its disorders; as well as methods for the study of gonadal development.
Author: M. L. Tyan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mice
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Peter C.K. Leung
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323913814
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 930
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Book Description
Human Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics, Second Edition provides application-driven coverage of key topics in human reproductive and prenatal genetics, including genetic control underlying the development of the reproductive tracts and gametogenesis, the genetics of fertilization and implantation, the genetic basis of female and male infertility, as well as genetic and epigenetic aspects of assisted reproduction. Also examined are the genetics and epigenetics of the placenta in normal and abnormal pregnancy, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening, and cutting-edge advances in noninvasive prenatal screening, prenatal genetic counseling, and bioethical and medicolegal aspects of relevance in the lab and clinic. This new edition has been fully revised to address new and evolving technologies in human reproductive genetics, with new chapters added on chromatin landscapes and sex determination, genetic alterations of placental development and preeclampsia, metabolism and inflammation in PCOS, pre-implantational genetic testing, maternal genetic disorders, bioethics, and future applications. Features chapter contributions from leading international scientists and clinicians Provides in-depth coverage of key topics in human reproductive and prenatal genetics, including genetic controls, fertilization, placental development, embryo implantation, in vitro culture of the human embryo for the study of post-implantation development, and more Identifies how researchers and clinicians can implement the latest genetic, epigenetic, and –omics-based approaches Includes all new chapters on evolving technologies and recent genetic discoveries of relevance to reproductive medicine
Author: Jerome F. Strauss
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 032381008X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1393
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Book Description
For over 40 years, Yen & Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology has been the gold standard text of both basic science and clinical practice of the full range of female and male reproductive disorders. The fully revised 9th Edition continues this tradition of excellence with complete coverage, including up-to-date information on impaired fertility, infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, problems of sexual development, menstrual disturbances, fibroids, endometriosis, female and male reproductive aging, fertility preservation, assisted reproduction technologies including ovarian stimulation and ovulation induction, transgender hormonal treatment, contraception, and more. An outstanding editorial board and other global experts in the field share their knowledge and expertise to keep you abreast of current science and practice in endocrinology. Includes new chapters on Meiosis, Fertilization and Embryo Development; Recurrent Pregnancy Loss; Uterus Transplantation; Mitochondrial Transplantation and Gene Editing; and Germs Cells Developed In Vitro. Provides extensively revised information on contemporary practices in assisted reproduction, fertility preservation, and ovulation induction. Provides an online video library that highlights surgical procedures, diagnostic imaging, and functional ultrasound imaging. Adds three new members to the exceptional editorial team: Drs. Anuja Dokras, Carmen J. Williams, and Zev Williams. Features full-color, high-quality illustrations that clearly depict basic anatomic structures, endocrine processes, and cell function and dysfunction. Includes bulleted lists under major headings in each chapter for quick, at-a-glance summaries of every section. Lists Top References at the end of each chapter that distill the most important references for research underpinnings, to complement the complete online reference list.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128115041
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
Sex Determination, Volume 134, the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, contains current reviews in the field of vertebrate sex determination. It covers molecular pathways of sex determination in genetic and environmental species and encompasses both sex determination of somatic lineages and commitment of germ cells to male or female fate. Chapters in this new release cover, amongst other topics, Mapping the Sox9 Enhancer Elements, Epigenetic Regulation of Sex Determination, Evolution and Management of Sex Chromosomes, Regulation of Germ Cell Sex Identity in Medaka, Control of Sex Determination in Zebrafish, Sexually Dimorphic Germ Cell Identity in Mammals, and more. Contains reviews written by leading experts in each field Includes informative figures that illustrate principle points that are useful for teaching Written in a style that is clear and simple
